An exploratory study to investigate animal health and reproductive wastage among Australian meat goat producers     

M Brady  G Refshauge  S Robertson  T Atkinson  B Allworth  M Hernandez-Jover 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(12):602-609

The Australian goat meat industry has grown significantly in the last decade, with the value of exports nearly tripling. However, because carcase weight has remained constant over this time, the drivers of industry growth are price and supply. Animal health and reproduction are key factors contributing to supply and productivity, yet limitations to production management are poorly understood, hampering advice for effective intervention. This exploratory study aims to provide insights into the animal health and reproductive management practices and perceptions among meat goat producers in Australia. To achieve this aim, 20 producers, located in New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia and Victoria, operating under different production systems were interviewed. The results of this study suggest that animal health management could be improved and that producers perceive a lack of relevant and species-specific information available to help them make informed decisions. Reproductive management and records varied greatly across producers interviewed. Kid loss was identified as an issue, with a 28% estimated average (6%–47% range) of losses from kidding until weaning. Producers identified predation, doe nutrition and mismothering as the biggest contributors to kid loss, with the majority of losses occurring within a week of birth. All producers believed management could minimise kid loss. This study highlights the importance of improving reproductive rates among goat enterprises and provides new information on the current practices within the Australian meat goat industry. This may assist the development of appropriate strategies for improving health and reproductive management and delivery of advice to producers.  相似文献   

Potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across the Galápagos Islands     

Sandra HERVÍAS‐PAREJO  Manuel NOGALES  Beatriz GUZMN  María del Mar TRIGO  Jens M. OLESEN  Pablo VARGAS  Ruben HELENO  Anna TRAVESET 《Integrative zoology》2020,15(2):144-148

Lizards have been reported as important pollinators on several oceanic islands. Here we evaluate the potential role of Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus spp.) as pollinators across their radiation. Over 3 years, we sampled pollen transport by 9 lava lizard species on the 10 islands where they are present, including 7 single‐island endemics. Overall, only 25 of 296 individuals sampled (8.4%) transported pollen of 10 plant species, the most common being Prosopis juliflora, Exodeconus miersii, Sesuvium sp. and Cordia leucophlyctis. At least 8 of these plant species were native, and none were confirmed as introduced to the archipelago. Despite the low overall proportion of individuals carrying pollen, this was observed in 7 of the nine lizard species, and on 8 of the ten main islands (Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Marchena, Pinta, Santa Cruz and Santiago), suggesting that this is a widespread interaction. The results reported here support the potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across their radiation, although they may represent a relatively modest contribution when compared with birds and insects. However, we cannot discard that lizards may be ecologically significant for particular plant species and ecosystems given the specific climatic condition and functional diversity of each island.  相似文献   

Spinophilin blocks arrestin actions in vitro and in vivo at G protein-coupled receptors     

Wang Q  Zhao J  Brady AE  Feng J  Allen PB  Lefkowitz RJ  Greengard P  Limbird LE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5679):1940-1944

Arrestin regulates almost all G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling and trafficking. We report that the multidomain protein, spinophilin, antagonizes these multiple arrestin functions. Through blocking G protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) association with receptor-Gbetagamma complexes, spinophilin reduces arrestin-stabilized receptor phosphorylation, receptor endocytosis, and the acceleration of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity following endocytosis. Spinophilin knockout mice were more sensitive than wild-type mice to sedation elicited by stimulation of alpha2 adrenergic receptors, whereas arrestin 3 knockout mice were more resistant, indicating that the signal-promoting, rather than the signal-terminating, roles of arrestin are more important for certain response pathways. The reciprocal interactions of GPCRs with spinophilin and arrestin represent a regulatory mechanism for fine-tuning complex receptor-orchestrated cell signaling and responses.  相似文献   

Stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine: phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in squirrel monkeys and rats   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

K T Brady  R L Balster  E L May 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,215(4529):178-180

(+/-)-N-Allylnormetazocine is a benzomorphan opioid with psychotomimetic effects. The pure stereoisomers of this compound, as well as the racemic mixture, were compared to phencyclidine for their behavioral effects on squirrel monkeys and rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline. Dose-response determinations were made for responses to phencyclidine, to a racemic mixture of N-allylnormetazocine, and to the pure levo and dextro isomers of N-allylnormetazocine. In both rats and monkeys, the dextro isomer and the racemic mixture produced dose-dependent responses appropriate for phencyclidine; the levo isomer did not produce the responses appropriate for phencyclidine at any of the doses tested. In both species, the levo isomer was more potent than the dextro isomer in decreasing the rate of responding. Thus racemic N-allylnormetazocine is a mixture of compounds that produce different behavioral effects.  相似文献   

Phosphorylation of the autophagy receptor optineurin restricts Salmonella growth     

Wild P  Farhan H  McEwan DG  Wagner S  Rogov VV  Brady NR  Richter B  Korac J  Waidmann O  Choudhary C  Dötsch V  Bumann D  Dikic I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6039):228-233

Selective autophagy can be mediated via receptor molecules that link specific cargoes to the autophagosomal membranes decorated by ubiquitin-like microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) modifiers. Although several autophagy receptors have been identified, little is known about mechanisms controlling their functions in vivo. In this work, we found that phosphorylation of an autophagy receptor, optineurin, promoted selective autophagy of ubiquitin-coated cytosolic Salmonella enterica. The protein kinase TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylated optineurin on serine-177, enhancing LC3 binding affinity and autophagic clearance of cytosolic Salmonella. Conversely, ubiquitin- or LC3-binding optineurin mutants and silencing of optineurin or TBK1 impaired Salmonella autophagy, resulting in increased intracellular bacterial proliferation. We propose that phosphorylation of autophagy receptors might be a general mechanism for regulation of cargo-selective autophagy.  相似文献   

Toward a green revolution for Africa     

Brady NC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4691):1159

  相似文献   

A high-resolution root spatiotemporal map reveals dominant expression patterns     

Brady SM  Orlando DA  Lee JY  Wang JY  Koch J  Dinneny JR  Mace D  Ohler U  Benfey PN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5851):801-806

  相似文献   

Replacement Cost Valuation of Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Subsistence Harvest in Arctic and Sub-Arctic North America     

Joshua H. Goldstein  Wayne E. Thogmartin  Kenneth J. Bagstad  James A. Dubovsky  Brady J. Mattsson  Darius J. Semmens 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2014,19(4):347-354

Migratory species provide economically beneficial ecosystem services to people throughout their range, yet often, information is lacking about the magnitude and spatial distribution of these benefits at regional scales. We conducted a case study for Northern Pintails (hereafter pintail) in which we quantified regional and sub-regional economic values of subsistence harvest to indigenous communities in Arctic and sub-Arctic North America. As a first step, we used the replacement cost method to quantify the cost of replacing pintail subsistence harvest with the most similar commercially available protein (chicken). For an estimated annual subsistence harvest of ?15,000 pintail, our mean estimate of the total replacement cost was ?$63,000 yr^?1 ($2010 USD), with sub-regional values ranging from $263 yr^?1 to $21,930 yr^?1. Our results provide an order-of-magnitude, conservative estimate of one component of the regional ecosystem-service values of pintails, providing perspective on how spatially explicit values can inform migratory species conservation.  相似文献   

Pathological pigmentation in cardiac tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with cardiomyopathy syndrome     

Hilde AS Fagerland  Lars Austb?  Camilla Fritsvold  Marta Alarcon  Espen Rimstad  Knut Falk  Torunn Taksdal  Erling O Koppang 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):107

  相似文献   

Strategies for the Development of Conotoxins as New Therapeutic Leads     

Ryan M. Brady  Jonathan B. Baell  Raymond S. Norton 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2293-2313

Peptide toxins typically bind to their target ion channels or receptors with high potency and selectivity, making them attractive leads for therapeutic development. In some cases the native peptide as it is found in the venom from which it originates can be used directly, but in many instances it is desirable to truncate and/or stabilize the peptide to improve its therapeutic properties. A complementary strategy is to display the key residues that make up the pharmacophore of the peptide toxin on a non-peptidic scaffold, thereby creating a peptidomimetic. This review exemplifies these approaches with peptide toxins from marine organisms, with a particular focus on conotoxins.  相似文献