Reef fisheries in Porto Seguro, eastern Brazilian coast     

Paulo A. S. Costa  Adriana da Costa Braga  Luis Otvio Frota da Rocha 《Fisheries Research》2003,60(2-3):577-583

Fish landings in Porto Seguro, in the eastern Brazilian coast, were monitored from September 1997 to August 1999 to describe the predominant species caught, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and patterns of yields according to depth and season. A total of 223.5 t from 352 fishing trips made by a fleet of 53 boats was monitored. The fishery is conducted at depths from 20 to 150 m. The number of commercially valuable species caught was high (n=53). Snappers (Ocyurus chrysurus, Lutjanus analis and L. jocu) made up 38% of total catch. Pelagic species such as Coryphaena hippurus, Seriola dumerili, Thunnus albacares and T. atlanticus accounted for 43% while groupers, mainly Mycteroperca bonaci, represented 10%. Relative abundance of these target species was strongly dependent (P<0.001) upon depth and season. Higher yields of O. chrysurus (>20 kg/fisher per day) were observed between 20 and 40 m, from April to June. During spring–summer, yields of oceanic pelagic species increased rapidly, and catches of C. hippurus (40 kg/fisher per day) rose from November to January.  相似文献   

High-level vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium related to humans and pigs found in dust from pig breeding facilities     

Teresa M. Braga  Constança Pomba  M. Fátima Silva Lopes 《Veterinary microbiology》2013,161(3-4):344-349

Environmental dust from animal breeding facilities was never screened for the presence of enterococci, nor of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), despite the possibility of being a vehicle of transmission of strains and antibiotic resistance genes between food-producing animals and man. Bio-security measures in pig facilities include disinfection with biocides to avoid the dissemination of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, namely enterococci and in particular VRE. We thus undertook collection of enterococci and VRE in a representative number of breeding pig facilities in Portugal (n = 171) and analyzed their susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride (BC) and chlorhexidine (CHX). A prevalence of 15% of VRE was found, with 6% high-level resistance found, and MIC values for CHX and BC were similar to those commonly found among enterococcal isolates from related environments, 8 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, respectively. Among the isolated high-level vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium carrying the vanA genotype, we found multilocus sequence types closely related to pig and human isolates from European countries and Brazil. These results strongly advise constant surveillance of this environment and its inclusion in future epidemiologic studies on VRE.  相似文献   

Postnatal Changes in Testicular Concentrations of Transforming Growth Factors‐Alpha and‐Beta 1, 2 and 3 and Serum Concentrations of Insulin Like Growth Factor I in Bulls     

ET Bagu  JR Gordon  NC Rawlings 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):348-353

Based on work largely in laboratory animals, transforming growth factors (TGF) and insulin like growth factors (IGF) could be regulators of testicular development. The aim of this study was to see if TGF‐alpha and ‐beta 1, 2 and 3 are present in the bovine testis and to monitor concentrations of these factors in the testis and IGF‐I in serum during reproductive development. Separate groups of Hereford × Charolais calves (n = 6) were castrated every 4 weeks from 5 to 33 weeks of age and at 56 weeks of age. A week prior to castration, from 5 to 33 weeks of age, blood was collected every 15 min for 10 h. Serum IGF‐I concentrations increased from 8 to 12 weeks of age, decreased from 24 to 28 weeks and increased to 32 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Testicular TGF‐alpha concentrations increased from 13 to 17 weeks of age, decreased to 21 weeks and from 33 to 56 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Testicular TGF‐beta 1 concentrations decreased from 17 to 21 weeks of age, increased to 25 weeks and decreased from 25 to 33 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Testicular TGF‐beta 2 concentrations increased from 5 to 17 weeks of age, decreased to 21 weeks, increased to 25 weeks and decreased at 29 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Testicular TGF‐beta 3 concentrations increased from 13 to 17 weeks of age, decreased to 21 weeks and from 25 to 29 weeks of age (p < 0.05). We concluded that TGF‐alpha and TGF‐beta 1, 2 and 3 are present in the testis of the bull calf, and changes in concentrations with age suggest a functional role in the development of the testis.  相似文献   

The Effect of Parity of the Dam on Sexual Maturation,Serum Concentrations of Metabolic Hormones and the Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone in Bull Calves     

ET Bagu  KL Davies  T Epp  A Arteaga  DM Barrett  R Duggavathi  A Barth  NC Rawlings 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):803-810

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of parity of the dam on age at which a scrotal circumference (SC) ≥ 28 cm was attained and the LH response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) in bull calves. We also wanted to confirm, in a large group of bull calves, that the LH response to LHRH could be used to select early maturing bulls. Body weight and SC of the bull calves were measured every other week. At 15, 20 and 25 weeks of age, calves received 4.12 nm /kg body weight of LHRH ischio‐rectally and blood samples were taken every 15 min for 4 h. Calves from primiparous and multiparous dams were separated into two sub‐groups based on age at which an SC ≥ 28 cm was attained (early or late). An SC ≥ 28 cm was attained earlier in calves born to multiparous as compared with primiparous dams (p < 0.05). At 20 and 25 weeks of age, peak serum LH concentrations (LH‐peak) and area under the LH response curve (LH‐AUC) in response to LHRH were higher (p < 0.01) in calves born to multiparous as compared with primiparous dams. In calves born to multiparous dams the LH‐peak at 15 and 25 weeks of age and the LH‐AUC at 15 weeks of age were lower (p < 0.05) in calves that attained an SC ≥ 28 cm early as compared with late. The LHRH‐challenge test sensitivity and specificity ranged from 46% to 86%. We concluded that parity of the dam affected age at which SC ≥ 28 cm was attained and the LH response to LHRH in bull calves. Serum LH responses to LHRH at 15 and 25 weeks of age, in calves born to multiparous dams, show some promise for development into a test to select early maturing bull calves.  相似文献   

Post‐natal Changes in Testicular Concentrations of Interleukin‐1 Alpha and Beta and Interleukin‐6 during Sexual Maturation in Bulls     

ET Bagu  JR Gordon  NC Rawlings 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):336-341

Based on observations in laboratory animals interleukins could be regulators of testicular development. The objects of this study were to see if interleukins (IL‐1 and IL‐6) are present in the developing bull testis and to establish the temporal patterns of concentrations of IL‐1 and IL‐6 in the bovine testis during development. Separate groups of six bull calves were castrated every 4 weeks from 5 to 33 weeks of age, and at 56 weeks of age. Mean testicular IL‐1 alpha concentrations decreased (p < 0.01) from 5 to 9 weeks of age and 13 to 21 weeks of age. Mean testicular IL‐1 beta concentrations decreased (p < 0.01) from 13 to 17 weeks of age and from 29 to 33 weeks of age. Mean IL‐1 bioactivity increased from 13 to 17 weeks of age, decreased to 21 weeks, increased to 25 weeks, decreased to 29 weeks and decreased from 33 to 56 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Mean testicular IL‐6 concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) from 9 to 13 weeks of age, increased (p < 0.05) to 21 weeks, decreased (p < 0.05) to 25 weeks, increased (p < 0.05) to 29 weeks and decreased (p < 0.01) to 56 weeks of age. In conclusion, testicular IL‐1 alpha, IL‐1 beta and IL‐6 were found in the bovine testis and concentrations were age dependent. Testicular IL‐1 alpha and IL‐1 beta concentrations were highest in the early post‐natal period; however, IL‐1 bioactivity and IL‐6 concentrations were greatest in the immediate pre‐pubertal period. These findings suggest a functional role for interleukins in testicular development in the bull.  相似文献   

How learning to read changes the cortical networks for vision and language     

Dehaene S  Pegado F  Braga LW  Ventura P  Nunes Filho G  Jobert A  Dehaene-Lambertz G  Kolinsky R  Morais J  Cohen L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6009):1359-1364

Does literacy improve brain function? Does it also entail losses? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured brain responses to spoken and written language, visual faces, houses, tools, and checkers in adults of variable literacy (10 were illiterate, 22 became literate as adults, and 31 were literate in childhood). As literacy enhanced the left fusiform activation evoked by writing, it induced a small competition with faces at this location, but also broadly enhanced visual responses in fusiform and occipital cortex, extending to area V1. Literacy also enhanced phonological activation to speech in the planum temporale and afforded a top-down activation of orthography from spoken inputs. Most changes occurred even when literacy was acquired in adulthood, emphasizing that both childhood and adult education can profoundly refine cortical organization.  相似文献   

Repellent activity of plant-derived compounds against Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs     

Sara Fernandes Soares  Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges  Raquel de Sousa Braga  Lorena Lopes Ferreira  Carla Cristina Braz Louly  Leonice Manrique Faustino Tresvenzol  José Realino de Paula  Pedro Henrique Ferri 《Veterinary parasitology》2010

Repellence responses of Amblyomma cajennense nymphs to callicarpenal, intermedeol, Hyptis suaveolens essential oil, extract of Melia azedarach, Cymbopogon nardus, Spiranthera odoratissima, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ageratum conyzoides, Mentha pulegium, Ruta graveolens, and Memora nodosa were studied. Among these the extract of C. nardus stood out because of the long-lasting repellence, maintaining, in the highest concentration, 35 h of protection against 90% of the nymphs. The essential oil of H. suaveolens and the extracts of C. ambrosioides and A. conyzoides showed good repellence index (66%) when applied in high concentrations. However, greater protection could be obtained at higher concentrations but with a shorter repellence time. Callicarpenal, intermedeol, extract of M. Pulegium, and M. nodosa leaves showed moderate repellence in high concentrations. Extracts from M. azedarach, R. graveolens, S. odoratissima, and M. nodosa roots showed little or no repellent effect. These results show that some plant extracts may represent a promising alternative in the control of infestations by A. cajennense.  相似文献   

Effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the abundance and respiration rates of probiotic bacteria     

M. Angélica Garrido‐Pereira  André Luiz Braga  Andréa Ferretto da Rocha  Luís André Sampaio  Paulo César Abreu 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(2):261-267

Effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on probiotic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis) were tested in two experiments, with the following treatments: (i) UV treatment – using fluorescent and UV‐lamps and (ii) Control – CTRL, using fluorescent lamps. Bacterial abundance and respiration were evaluated every 24 h for 3 days for Experiment 1, and at 0, 6 and 24 h for Experiment 2. In the Experiment 1, total UV dose was 4 336.41 mW cm^?2. UV treatment presented small respiration rates only on day 3, while in the CTRL oxygen consumption was always high. On all days, the abundance of the Bacilli exposed to UV was significantly smaller than that of the CTRL. The second experiment, with total UV dose of 1 445.47 mW cm^?2, presented oxygen consumption in the UV treatment only during the first 6 h. In the CTRL, oxygen consumption increased from the beginning due to the bigger abundance Bacilli cells. Small coccus‐shaped bacteria ocurred in the UV treatment of both experiments. It may be concluded that exposure to UV, normally used for water disinfection, can inactivate probiotic bacteria.  相似文献   

The Influence of Phosphate Mining on the Chemical Composition of Annual Atmospheric Deposition in Catalão (GO) and Tapira (MG), Brazil     

Fabiano Tomazini da Conceição  Taise Litholdo  Diego de Souza Sardinha  Rodrigo Braga Moruzzi  Guillermo Rafael Beltran Navarro  Letícia Hirata Godoy 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(3):69

  相似文献   

Tree structure and diversity of lowland Atlantic forest fragments: comparison of disturbed and undisturbed remnants     

Fabrício Alvim Carvalho  João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga  Marcelo Trindade Nascimento 《林业研究》2016,27(3):605-609

This study describes the tree community structure of three moist lowland Atlantic Forest fragments in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Two fragments were disturbed and an undisturbed one was used as reference. Our hypothesis was that disturbed fragments show distinct structural patterns in comparison with undisturbed stands due to past disturbance practices and forest fragmentation. Four 100 ×5 m sampling plots were demarcated in each fragment and all live and dead trees with DBH C 5 cm were located, measured and identified. The results supported our hypothesis, due to the high values found for standing dead trees, an increase of dominance of a few pioneer species, lower values of large trees and species richness in disturbed fragments in comparison with the undisturbed one. The advanced fragmentation process in the Southern Brazilian lowland areas and the high species richness in undisturbed areas highlight these forest fragments as priority areas for conservation and management.  相似文献