Tumours of the vulva and vagina in cattle--a 10-year survey     

Yeruham I  Perl S  Orgad U  Yakobson B 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,158(3):325-239

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Molecular and biological characterisation of Cryptosporidium in pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Morgan UM  Buddle JR  Armson A  Elliot A  Thompson RC 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(1):44-47

OBJECTIVE: Genetic and biological characterisation of 12 isolates of Cryptosporidium from pigs and comparing them with Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and cattle. DESIGN: Cryptosporidium isolates from pigs were compared with those obtained from human and cattle using rDNA sequence analysis. The infectivity of two of the porcine isolates was determined in neonatal mice and the clinical history of the infected pigs recorded. RESULTS: Pig-derived isolates of Cryptosporidium exhibited two distinct genotypes; a porcine genotype and a bovine genotype, which is common to cattle and other livestock. The porcine genotype did not produce any infection in neonatal mice whereas the bovine genotype did. CONCLUSION: Two distinct genetically and biologically differing strains of Cryptosporidium appeared to be associated with acute diarrhoea in pigs. Whether Cryptosporidium was a primary or secondary pathogen is unclear but warrants further investigation. As the bovine genotype is known to infect humans, the results suggest that pigs can act as reservoirs of cryptosporidial infections for humans and other live-stock. The zoonotic potential of the pig-adapted genotype is uncertain and requires further study.  相似文献   

Presence of cervical vertebral malformation in Dobermann puppies and the effects of diet and growth rate     

Burbidge HM  Pfeiffer DU  Guilford WG 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):814-818

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between diet, growth rate and the presence of caudal cervical malformation in Doberman puppies. DESIGN: A prospective study of 15 Dobermann puppies from three unrelated litters, aged from 0 to 16 weeks. PROCEDURE: The growth rate in terms of body weight gain and increase in ulna length were measured weekly for all puppies. In addition the nutritional quality of the diets was assessed. Radiographs of the cervical spine were taken at 6 and between 12 and 16 weeks of age and examined for the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. A mixed model for repeated measures data was used to investigate the relationship between the growth rate of the puppies and the fixed effects age, dam, diet, gender and presence of caudal cervical malformation. RESULTS: Five of the puppies had changes consistent with caudal cervical malformation. The diets fed were either balanced or transiently deficient in protein, calcium, phosphorus and/or magnesium. There was no significant association between growth rate and the variables dam, gender and the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. There was no significant association between diet and increase in ulna length, but a trend existed between body weight gain and the feeding of a balanced diet (P = 0.0672). CONCLUSION: Caudal cervical vertebral changes can be detected radiographically as early as 6 weeks of age in some Dobermann puppies. A balanced diet and growth rate are not significant factors in its initial development.  相似文献   

Efficacy and tolerance of a calcium-magnesium-aspartate solution in the treatment of hypocalcemic parturient paresis in cows     

Andresen U  Kietzmann M  Andresen P 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1999,112(10-11):400-406

The systemic tolerance of a solution of calcium aspartate and magnesium aspartate was studied in 7 cows. Intravenously administered dosages of 500 ml per cow were well tolerated. A twofold increase of the serum calcium concentration was measured. In 2 cows which were treated with 1000 ml of the solution a threefold increased calcium concentration and heart arrhythmia were found. The clinical efficacy of the solution was demonstrated in a study with 44 hypocalcemic cows. A long lasting increase of the serum calcium as well as an enhanced phosphorus concentration were measurable. In conclusion, the calcium-magnesium-aspartate solution seems to be an efficacious and well tolerated alternative for the treatment of hypocalcemia in cows.  相似文献   

Bilateral idiopathic femur head epiphyseolysis ("slipped epiphysis") in cats: literature review and case description     

Steger H  Rytz U  Schawalder P 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1999,141(2):47-52

One case of a bilateral idiopathic slipped capital femoral epiphysis--"slipped epiphysis"--in a cat is described. The similarities and the differences between the cases in human and small animal medicine concerning the incidence, the hypotheses of the pathogenesis and the treatment options are discussed.  相似文献   

Efficacy evaluation of the use of oral tilmicosin in pneumonic calves     

Huwyler U  Reeve-Johnson L  Korfitsen J  Liesegang A  Wanner M 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1999,141(4):203-208

A trial was carried out on a beef cattle farm to obtain efficacy data for the treatment of naturally occurring bronchopneumonia in calves under commercial production conditions. The treatment was administered by medicating milk with three different tilmicosin doses mixed in the first 80% of the daily milk ration. According to the clinical results, all three treatment regimens proved to be effective. The efficacies of the reduced dose of 12.5 mg tilmicosin/kg body weight daily for 5 days and of the reduced treatment duration with 25 mg/kg b.w. daily for 3 days were equivalent to a previously proven dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. daily for 5 days.  相似文献   

The 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in The Netherlands--a survival analysis     

Benard HJ  Stärk KD  Morris RS  Pfeiffer DU  Moser H 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,42(3-4):235-248

The aim of this analysis was to characterise the temporal pattern of infection during the 1997/98 classical swine fever (CSF) epidemic in The Netherlands and hence identify and quantify risk factors for infection in different enterprise types and areas. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to describe the epidemic. Substantial differences in temporal survival patterns (herd breakdown rate) were found between areas where different control policies operated. Factors with a significant influence on the infection hazard of individual herds included: sow numbers as a percentage of total sows and fatteners (HR = 3.38 for mixed herds (0.1–60% sows) vs. fattening herds (0% sows) and HR = 2.74 for breeding herds (60–100% sows) vs. fattening herds), the number of ‘transport contacts per month’ (>0.3 vs. <0.3; HR = 4.11), pig density (pigs/km²) in the area (HR_{1000 pigs} 1.48) and herd size (HR_{100 pigs} = 1.01).

Pre-emptive slaughter in an area appeared to be associated with lower subsequent disease levels. Higher frequency of transport contacts for welfare slaughter during the epidemic, however, well regulated and controlled, was associated with a substantially higher risk of becoming infected. The positive association of a higher pig density with CSF indicates the potential importance of local spread as a factor in disease transmission and emphasizes that dilution of the pig population can contribute to reduction in CSF occurrence. This analysis suggests however, that if pre-emptive slaughter can promptly be applied effectively in an area after initial diagnosis, pig density is then not a significant factor. Mixed and breeding herds had a higher probability of becoming infected than fattening herds, possibly due to different types and frequencies of inter-herd contacts. These contacts continue to some extent during the epidemic, despite the standstill of animal movements.  相似文献   

Field efficacy of a combined use of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines in growing pigs     

Wongnarkpet S  Morris RS  Pfeiffer DU 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,39(1):13-24

The effectiveness of simultaneous administration of commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines was tested in an indoor commercial piggery which had experienced continuing respiratory-disease problems confirmed as due to both of these pathogens. Piglets were randomly assigned in equal numbers to vaccination and control groups, and each vaccine was administered at a separate site to assigned piglets at two and four weeks of age. Live weight of vaccinates immediately prior to slaughter was 2.49 kg higher (p = 0.04) than for controls at equal mean slaughter age of 132 days. Average daily gain (ADG) from 16 weeks to slaughter of vaccinates was also significantly higher (33 g/day) than in controls (p = 0.05). Daily gain was not significantly different in younger age groups. Active enzootic pneumonia lesions were more likely in control than in vaccinated pigs. There were no significant differences between vaccination groups with regard to severity of pleurisy or presence of pleuropneumonia lesions at slaughter. Log-linear modelling was used to test the statistical association between vaccination, enzootic pneumonia lesions, pleurisy lesions and pleuropneumonia lesions. It showed a reduction in the severity of enzootic pneumonia lesions for vaccinated pigs, and the presence of pleuropneumonia lesions increased the likelihood of pleurisy lesions. No other association was significant, and no evidence of synergy between the vaccines in influencing lesion severity for pleuropneumonia was detected (within the limitations set by the trial design).  相似文献   

A retrospective evaluation of a Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) antibody ELISA on bulk-tank milk samples for classification of the BHV-1 status of Danish dairy herds     

Nylin B  Strøger U  Rønsholt L 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,47(1-2):91-105

Bulk-tank milk samples analysed in a Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) blocking ELISA are still in use in the Danish BHV-1 programme as a tool to classify dairy herds as BHV-1 infected or BHV-1 free herds. In this retrospective study, we used data from the Danish BHV-1 eradication campaign to evaluate performance characteristics of the BHV-1 blocking ELISA in 1039 BHV-1-seropositive and 502 repeatedly BHV-1-negative dairy herds using the results of blood testing of the individual animals as the true infection status. At a cut-off value of 30% blocking reaction, the herd-level relative sensitivity and relative specificity were 82 and 100%, respectively. The herd-level relative sensitivity depended on the within-herd prevalence of seropositive cows and the cut-off value in the assay, but not on the time interval (up to 90 days) between the collection of the bulk-tank milk sample and the individual serum samples. The BHV-1 blocking ELISA on bulk-tank milk could detect seropositive herds (few), with prevalence proportions as low as one seropositive cow out of 70 cows.  相似文献   

A simpler, more sensitive competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever viruses.     

H Li  T C McGuire  U U Müller-Doblies  T B Crawford 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(4):361-364

An earlier competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) was developed for detection of specific antibody against malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) viruses (MCFV) in ruminants. In this study, the indirect CI-ELISA was improved by conjugating the monoclonal antibody 15-A directly with horseradish peroxidase and by developing a method of producing precoated, dried antigen plates. This new test is referred to as a direct CI-ELISA. The reformatted test yielded a significantly improved sensitivity, and the time required was reduced to about one-sixth of the previous time. Of 37 MCF cases in cattle that were confirmed by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 37 (100%) were positive by the new test, whereas the indirect CI-ELISA detected only 23 (62%). The direct CI-ELISA detected antibody to MCFV in 100% of 48 sheep that had been defined as infected with ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) by PCR, whereas the indirect CI-ELISA detected only 41 (85%). Comparison of antibody titers measured by the 2 assays for sera collected from OvHV-2-infected sheep and from cattle, bison, and deer with clinical sheep-associated MCF revealed that the direct CI-ELISA offered a 4-fold increase in analytical sensitivity over the indirect format. The number of seropositive animals detected by the direct CI-ELISA among apparently normal cattle and bison was 2-3 times greater than the number detected by the indirect CI-ELISA, indicating that a significant percentage of normal cattle and bison are subclincally infected with MCFV.  相似文献