Autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in North America     

Schantz PM  Steurer FJ  Duprey ZH  Kurpel KP  Barr SC  Jackson JE  Breitschwerdt EB  Levy MG  Fox JC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(8):1316-1322

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Rhinitis, pneumonia, and defective neutrophil function in the Doberman pinscher     

E B Breitschwerdt  T T Brown  E V De Buysscher  B R Andersen  D E Thrall  E Hager  G Ananaba  M A Degen  M D Ward 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(7):1054-1062

Eight closely related Doberman Pinschers with chronic rhinitis and pneumonia had normal or increased numbers of structurally normal leukocytes. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement were above or within normal ranges. Lymphocyte transformation indices for 3 mitogens were normal in 7 of the 8 dogs; the remaining dog had low values for all mitogens. Neutrophils phagocytized bacteria normally, but had impaired bactericidal ability. The bactericidal defect may have been related to the inability of neutrophils to generate normal numbers of oxygen radicals after stimulation, as determined by decreased ability of neutrophils to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium and to produce superoxide following opsonized zymosan stimulation. These observations, plus finding chronic inflammatory disease in the lungs of one dog, indicated that the disease may have some similarity to chronic granulomatous disease or to complement receptor deficiency in man.  相似文献   

Detection and molecular characterization of a novel large Babesia species in a dog     

Birkenheuer AJ  Neel J  Ruslander D  Levy MG  Breitschwerdt EB 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,124(3-4):151-160

Babesia canis has generally been considered the only large Babesia to infect dogs. Here we describe the molecular characterization of a large Babesia species that was detected in the blood and bone marrow of a dog with clinical and hematological abnormalities consistent with babesiosis. Analysis of the 18S rRNA genes revealed a unique sequence that shared 93.9% sequence identity with B. bigemina and 93.5% sequence identity with B. caballi, compared to 91.2-91.6% identity with B. canis canis, B. c. vogeli, and B. c. rossi. Cross-reactive antibodies against B. canis, B. gibsoni (Asian genotype), or B. gibsoni (California genotype) antigens were not detected in acute or convalescent serum samples. The dog was treated with imidocarb diproprionate, which resulted in the resolution of clinical signs, and subsequently Babesia DNA was not detectable by PCR in post-treatment samples. The organism described in this report represents a genetically unique large Babesia sp. and is the eighth genetically distinct piroplasm capable of infecting the domestic dog.  相似文献   

Chronic canine ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): a retrospective study of 19 natural cases     

Mylonakis ME  Koutinas AF  Breitschwerdt EB  Hegarty BC  Billinis CD  Leontides LS  Kontos VS 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2004,40(3):174-184

Nineteen dogs from Greece with chronic ehrlichiosis were studied. The dogs exhibited bicytopenia or pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, seroreactivity to Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) antigens, and had no history of drug or radiation exposure. Anorexia, depression, severe bleeding tendencies, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity were also hallmarks of the disease. All these animals eventually died, irrespective of the treatment applied. Some dogs were also serologically positive for Rickettsia conorii, Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), and Bartonella vinsonii subspp. berkhoffii. Polymerase chain reaction testing of bone marrow samples revealed E. canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilia, Anaplasma platys, and L. infantum in some dogs. Concurrent infections did not appear to substantially influence the clinical course and final outcome of the chronic canine ehrlichiosis.  相似文献   

Antinuclear antibodies can be detected in dog sera reactive to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis, or Leishmania infantum antigens     

Smith BE  Tompkins MB  Breitschwerdt EB 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(1):47-51

The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) is used to support a clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in dogs. However, clinicians must interpret the detection of ANAs with caution, particularly in light of increasing evidence that dogs with known bacterial and protozoal infections can have high ANA titers. Retrospectively, medical records were reviewed for all dogs that were concurrently tested for antinuclear antigens and Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii), Ehrlichia canis, or Rickettsia rickettsii antigens between 1990 and 2000. When analyzed on the basis of reactivity to a specific infectious agent, 75% of the B vinsonii (berkhoffii) seroreactors, 16.7% of the E canis seroreactors, and 0% of the R rickettsii seroreactors had concurrent ANAs. Subsequent prospective testing did not detect ANAs in convalescent sera from dogs experimentally infected with B vinsonii (berkhoffii), E canis, or R rickettsii. However, 10-20% B vinsonii (berkhoffii), E canis, or Leishmania infantum reactive sera from naturally infected dogs contained ANAs. In addition, 45% of sera from dogs that are reactive to multiple vectorborne organisms were more likely to contain ANAs when compared to sera from dogs reactive to only 1 test antigen. When interpreting the relevance of seroreactivity to nuclear antigens, clinicians should recognize that dogs with seroreactivity to B vinsonii (berkhoffii), E canis, or L infantum antigens (especially those with seroreactivity to more than one of these pathogens) may produce ANAs.  相似文献   

Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency and Bartonella infection in association with panniculitis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in a dog     

Mellor PJ  Fetz K  Maggi RG  Haugland S  Dunning M  Villiers EJ  Mellanby RJ  Williams D  Breitschwerdt E  Herrtage ME 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):1023-1028

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Experimental infection by capillary tube feeding of Rhipicephalus sanguineus with Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii     

Billeter SA  Kasten RW  Killmaster LF  Breitschwerdt EB  Levin ML  Levy MG  Kosoy MY  Chomel BB 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2012,35(1):9-15

It has been speculated that ticks may serve as vectors of Bartonella species. Circumstantial, clinical, epidemiological and serological evidence suggest that B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii (B. v. berkhoffii) might be transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether adult R. sanguineus ticks can be infected with a B. v. berkhoffii genotype II isolate via capillary tube feeding and whether the infection can then be transmitted from adult females to their eggs via trans-ovarial transmission. Furthermore, tick fecal material was also collected and screened as a possible source of infectious inoculum for canine infections. B. v. berkhoffii DNA was detected in 50% (7 of 14) of females that did not oviposit and in 14.3% (2 of 14) of female ticks that laid eggs, but not detected in egg clutches (100 eggs/female). DNA was also detected in tick feces collected on days 2 through 6 post-capillary tube feeding, however, dogs (n=3) did not become bacteremic or seroconvert when inoculated with tick fecal material. Therefore, trans-ovarial transmission of B. v. berkhoffii by R. sanguineus is unlikely, but further studies are needed to determine if tick fecal material can serve as a source of infection to canines.  相似文献   

Invasion of canine erythrocytes by Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii     

Billeter SA  Breitschwerdt EB  Levy MG 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(1-2):213-216

Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii is a recognized cause of endocarditis in dogs and human patients and has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias, myocarditis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, polyarthritis, and granulomatous rhinitis in dogs. Little is known regarding the mode of transmission or cellular localization of this bacteria following infection of a canine host. The aim of the current study was to determine whether erythrocytes may serve as a site of infection by B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. In the study, we successfully demonstrate the invasion of canine erythrocytes by a B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype III strain using an in vitro model system. Dog erythrocytes were incubated with B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii after which tubes were treated with gentamicin at 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation. After gentamicin elimination of extracellular bacteria, there was a gradual increase in intra-erythrocytic bacteria, as assessed by colony forming units per ml, at each collection time point. The largest recovery of intracellular bacteria occurred at 48 h post-infection. These results suggest that canine erythrocytes may serve in the maintenance of bacteremia due to B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii within an infected host.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of horses with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella bovis     

Palmero J  Pusterla N  Cherry NA  Kasten RW  Mapes S  Boulouis HJ  Breitschwerdt EB  Chomel BB 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(2):377-383

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Prevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and Rickettsia spp. in dogs from Grenada     

Yabsley MJ  McKibben J  Macpherson CN  Cattan PF  Cherry NA  Hegarty BC  Breitschwerdt EB  O'Connor T  Chandrashekar R  Paterson T  Perea ML  Ball G  Friesen S  Goedde J  Henderson B  Sylvester W 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,151(2-4):279-285

To identify the tick-borne pathogens in dogs from Grenada, we conducted a serologic survey for Ehrlichia canis in 2004 (104 dogs) and a comprehensive serologic and molecular survey for a variety of tick-borne pathogens in 2006 (73 dogs). In 2004 and 2006, 44 and 32 dogs (42.3% and 43.8%) were seropositive for E. canis, respectively. In 2006, several tick-borne pathogens were identified by serology and PCR. DNA of E. canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, and Bartonella sp. were identified in 18 (24.7%), 14 (19.2%), 5 (7%), 5 (7%), and 1 (1.4%) dogs, respectively. Six (8.2%) dogs were seropositive for Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. All dogs were seronegative and PCR-negative for Rickettsia spp. Coinfection with two or three pathogens was observed in eight dogs. Partial 16S rRNA E. canis and A. platys sequences were identical to sequences in GenBank. Partial 18S rRNA gene sequences from the Grenadian H. canis were identical to each other and had one possible mismatch (ambiguous base) from H. canis detected from Spain and Brazil. Grenadian B. c. vogeli sequences were identical to B. c. vogeli from Brazil and Japan. All of the detected pathogens are transmitted, or suspected to be transmitted, by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Results of this study indicate that dogs from Grenada are infected with multiple tick-borne pathogens; therefore, tick-borne diseases should be included as differentials for dogs exhibiting thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, fever, or lethargy. One pathogen, E. canis, is also of potential public health significance.  相似文献