Intraoperative Bleeding in Dogs from Grenada Seroreactive to Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis     

M. Lanza‐Perea  U. Zieger  B.A. Qurollo  B.C. Hegarty  E.L. Pultorak  S. Kumthekar  R. Bruhl‐Day  E.B. Breitschwerdt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1702-1707

Background

Frequent exposure of Grenadian dogs to Rhipicephalus sanguineus results in Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis seroreactivity. During elective surgeries, substantial intraoperative hemorrhage occurs in some seroreactive dogs.

Objectives

To assess hemostatic parameters and bleeding tendencies as well as prevalence of PCR positivity in apparently healthy A. platys and E. canis seroreactive and seronegative free‐roaming dogs from Grenada.

Animals

Forty‐seven elective surgery dogs allocated to 4 groups: Seronegative control (n = 12), A. platys (n = 10), E. canis (n = 14) and A. platys, and E. canis (n = 11) seroreactive.

Methods

Preoperatively, hemostasis was assessed by platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and buccal mucosal bleeding time. Intra‐ and postoperative bleeding scores were subjectively assigned. Blood, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph node aspirates were tested by PCR.

Results

Bleeding scores in dogs coseroreactive for A. platys and E. canis were higher (P = .015) than those of seronegative dogs. A. platys DNA was amplified from 7/21 (33%) A. platys seroreactive dogs and from 1 E. canis seroreactive dog; E. canis DNA was amplified from 21/25 (84%) E. canis seroreactive dogs. E. canis DNA was amplified most often from blood, whereas A. platys DNA was amplified most often from bone marrow.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Apparently healthy, free‐roaming dogs coseropositive for A. platys and E. canis may have increased intraoperative bleeding tendencies despite normal hemostatic parameters. Future investigations should explore the potential for vascular injury as a cause for bleeding in these dogs. Improved tick control is needed for dogs in Grenada.  相似文献   

Evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in young dogs naturally infected by vector-borne pathogens     

de Caprariis D  Dantas-Torres F  Capelli G  Mencke N  Stanneck D  Breitschwerdt EB  Otranto D 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(1-2):206-212

Longitudinal studies evaluating the evolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical findings in young dogs exposed for the first time to multiple vector-borne pathogens have not been reported. With the objective of assessing the evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings, these parameters were serially monitored in naturally infected dogs throughout a 1-year follow-up period. Young dogs, infected by vector-borne pathogens based on cytology or polymerase chain reaction, were examined clinically and blood samples were obtained at seven different follow-up time points. Dogs were randomized to group A (17 dogs treated with a spot-on formulation of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50%) or to group B (17 dogs untreated). In addition, 10 4-month-old beagles were enrolled in each group and used as sentinel dogs. At baseline, Anaplasma platys was the most frequently detected pathogen, followed by Babesia vogeli, Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis. Co-infections with A. platys and B. vogeli, followed by E. canis and B. vogeli, A. platys and H. canis and A. platys and Bartonella spp. were also diagnosed. In dogs from group B, abnormal clinical signs were recorded at different time points throughout the study. No abnormal clinical signs were recorded in group A dogs. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent haematological alteration recorded in A. platys-infected dogs, B. vogeli-infected dogs and in dogs co-infected with A. platys and B. vogeli or A. platys and Bartonella spp. Lymphocytosis was frequently detected among dogs infected with B. vogeli or co-infected with A. platys and B. vogeli. Beagles were often infected with a single pathogen rather than with multiple canine vector-borne pathogens. There was a significant association (p<0.01) between tick infestation and A. platys or B. vogeli, as single infections, and A. platys and B. vogeli or A. platys and Bartonella spp. co-infections. This study emphasizes the clinical difficulties associated with assigning a specific clinical sign or haematological abnormality to a particular canine vector-borne disease.  相似文献   

Molecular prevalence of Bartonella, Babesia, and hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. in dogs with splenic disease     

Varanat M  Maggi RG  Linder KE  Breitschwerdt EB 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(6):1284-1291

  相似文献   

Fatal aortic endocarditis associated with community-acquired Serratia marcescens infection in a dog     

Perez C  Fujii Y  Fauls M  Hummel J  Breitschwerdt E 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(2):133-137

A 12 yr old Dalmatian was referred for evaluation of acute lethargy, fever, neurologic signs, and a recently ausculted heart murmur. Echocardiography in combination with blood cultures resulted in a diagnosis of nonhospital-acquired Serratia marcescens bacteremia and aortic valve endocarditis. Despite early diagnosis and aggressive therapy, the dog failed to respond to antimicrobials and died within 6 hr after admission. Necropsy findings included aortic valve endocarditis, septicemia, and diffuse thromboembolic disease. There was no history of pre-existing underlying disease or immunosuppressive therapy, and the dog had not been hospitalized before referral.  相似文献   

Thrombocytopenia Associated With Neoplasia in Dogs   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Carol B. Grindem  Edward B. Breitschwerdt  Wayne T. Corbett  Rodney L. Page  Heather E. Jans 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(6):400-405

Ten percent (214/2,059) of all dogs with cancer at North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital had thrombocytopenia. The thrombocytopenia was associated with infectious/inflammatory etiologies in 4%, miscellaneous disorders (therapy, bone marrow failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation) in 35%, and neoplasia without identifiable secondary factors in 61% of cancer-bearing dogs. Classifying these dogs by tumor groups revealed the following proportionate ratios: lymphoid, 29%; carcinoma, 28%; sarcoma, 20%; hemic neoplasia, 7%; multiple, 5%; unclassified, 3%; benign, 3%; brain, 3%; and endocrine, 3%. Dogs with hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma, and melanoma were at increased risk of developing thrombocytopenia. Cytotoxic therapy was the major factor increasing the risk of thrombocytopenia in dogs with melanoma. Golden Retrievers were the only breed recognized with a predisposition to develop thrombocytopenia. If thrombocytopenia is identified in a dog with cancer, we recommend thorough evaluation of the coagulation system before surgery or therapy, and careful consideration of the risks and potential benefits of myelosuppressive or L-asparaginase therapy.  相似文献   

A Retrospective Case-Control of Acute Renal Failure in 99 Dogs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shelly L. Vaden DVM  Phd    Jay Levine  Edward B. Breitschwerdt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(2):58-64

The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively demographic and clinicopathologic factors that may be associated with the diagnosis and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) in dogs presented to a large referral hospital. Medical records of dogs presented to the hospital were searched for a diagnosis of ARF. The diagnosis of ARF was based on clinical signs, renal imaging findings, and clinicopathologic data and, in most cases, was confirmed by histopathology, prior serum creatinine concentrations, response to therapy, and known recent nephrotoxin exposure or ischemic event. Demographics, selected clinicopathologic findings, and concurrent disorders that may have been associated with development of ARF were extracted from these records. A reference population was derived from 481 dogs presenting to the same hospital. Demographic data also were collected from these medical records. The demographic factors associated with a diagnosis of ARF and the factors associated with outcome of ARF were assessed by reviewing a series of multiple logistic regression models. Conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) Intact male dogs and nonsporting dogs were more likely to develop ARF and be admitted to the teaching hospital. (2) Dogs with severe azotemia (serum creatinine concentration > 10 mg/dL), hypocalcemia (<8.6 mg/ dL), and proteinuria were less likely to survive ARF and be discharged from the hospital. (3) Dogs that survived in the hospital for more than 5 days were more likely to recover and be discharged from the hospital.  相似文献   

Lymphocyte transformation and humoral immune factors in Basenji dogs with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O Barta  E B Breitschwerdt  L M Shaffer  S S Pourciau 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(10):1954-1959

Serum protein concentrations and 4 immunologic factors were determined in 5 Basenji dogs with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. There was no correlation between the total serum proteins, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M concentrations, and physical health status of the animals. The severity of clinical signs correlated roughly with decrease in albumin and increase in globulin concentrations. The main changes were detected in beta- and fast gamma-globulins. The total hemolytic complement levels were decreased in the 2 most severely affected animals below the minimal laboratory values observed in healthy animals. Alteration in the intrinsic responsiveness of lymphocytes to various mitogens did not correlate with progression in severity of the disease. Correlation between the appearance of blastogenesis-suppressing substances in serum and the severity of the disease was only partial: Sera (at 20% concentration) from the 2 most severely affected dogs completely suppressed blastogenesis induced by all 3 mitogens. The sera of 3 other dogs either did not suppress or suppressed only concanavalin A-induced mitogenesis and to a lesser extent phytohemagglutinin-induced mitogenesis without correlations to the overall clinical status. The disturbances of immunologic mechanisms were detected after the appearance of clinical disease, were not considered the cause of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, may represent a manifestation of the secondary infection, and may contribute to aggravation of the clinical course.  相似文献   

Bone marrow hypoplasia in a cat treated with griseofulvin     

J B Rottman  R V English  E B Breitschwerdt  D E Duncan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(3):429-431

Three weeks after initiation of griseofulvin treatment for dermatophytosis (40 mg/kg of body weight, q 12 h), an 8-yr-old domestic shorthair cat developed depression, vomiting, and pyrexia. Abnormalities found during physical examination included bilateral mydriasis, visual impairment, grade-II/V systolic murmur and multiple areas of alopecia. The cat was pancytopenic; serum biochemical abnormalities included hyperbilirubinemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia, and urinalysis revealed proteinuria, glycosuria, and bilirubinuria. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed profound hypoplasia of all precursors. Griseofulvin toxicosis was diagnosed on the basis of the temporal relationship of drug administration with onset of clinical, hematologic, and biochemical abnormalities and failure to identify an infective or neoplastic cause for the bone marrow hypoplasia. The condition was refractory to treatment and the cat was euthanatized. Pathologic changes in the bone marrow were consistent with severe hypoplasia of all bone marrow precursors.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of cats with Tritrichomonas foetus.     

J L Gookin  M G Levy  J M Law  M G Papich  M F Poore  E B Breitschwerdt 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(11):1690-1697

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infection with Tritrichomonas foetus causes diarrhea in specific-pathogen-free or Cryptosporidium coinfected cats. ANIMALS: 4 cats with subclinical cryptosporidiosis (group 1) and 4 specific-pathogen-free cats (group 2). PROCEDURE: Cats were infected orogastrically with an axenic culture of T. foetus isolated from a kitten with diarrhea. Direct microscopy and protozoal culture of feces, fecal character, serial colonic mucosal biopsy specimens, and response to treatment with nitazoxanide (NTZ; group 1) or prednisolone (groups 1 and 2) were assessed. RESULTS: Infection with T. foetus persisted in all cats for the entire 203-day study and resulted in diarrhea that resolved after 7 weeks. Group-1 cats had an earlier onset, more severe diarrhea, and increased number of trichomonads on direct fecal examination, compared with group-2 cats. Use of NTZ eliminated shedding of T. foetus and Cryptosporidium oocysts, but diarrhea consisting of trichomonad-containing feces recurred when treatment was discontinued. Prednisolone did not have an effect on infection with T. foetus but resulted in reappearance of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the feces of 2 of 4 cats. During necropsy, T. foetus was isolated from contents of the ileum, cecum, and colon. Tritrichomonas foetus organisms and antigen were detected on surface epithelia and within superficial detritus of the cecal and colonic mucosa. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: After experimental inoculation in cats, T. foetus organisms colonize the ileum, cecum, and colon, reside in close contact with the epithelium, and are associated with transient diarrhea that is exacerbated by coexisting cryptosporidiosis but not treatment with prednisolone.  相似文献   

Serum proteins in healthy Basenjis and Basenjis with chronic diarrhea     

E B Breitschwerdt  O Barta  C Waltman  N L Hubbert  S S Pourciau  W Liu 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(2):326-328

A serologic survey was conducted to characterize the electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins in healthy Basenji dogs (n = 137) and Basenjis with chronic diarrhea (n = 32). Serum protein electrophoresis values for Basenjis were similar to previously reported values from dogs of other breeds. Dogs with histologically confirmed lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis had a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in total protein, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio. alpha 2-Globulin and gamma-globulin values were significantly increased in old dogs (9 years of age or older) with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis. Although not statistically significant, gamma-globulin values were generally increased in Basenjis with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis when compared with the values in age-matched clinically healthy Basenjis.  相似文献