Doxycycline clearance of experimentally induced chronic Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs     

Eddlestone SM  Diniz PP  Neer TM  Gaunt SD  Corstvet R  Cho D  Hosgood G  Hegarty B  Breitschwerdt EB 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1237-1242

BACKGROUND: Ineffective clearance of Ehrlichia canis after doxycycline administration has been reported despite the fact that the recommended treatment for canine ehrlichiosis is doxycycline. The effectiveness of doxycycline in clearing E canis infection from the blood and tissues of dogs requires additional evaluation. HYPOTHESIS: Doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h), administered for 4 weeks, will eliminate E canis infection from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs. ANIMALS: Fifteen Walker hound-mixed breed dogs were inoculated subcutaneously with E canis-infected canine histiocytic cells 4 months before doxycycline treatment. METHODS: Four dogs were treated with doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h for 3 weeks), 5 dogs were treated with doxycycline at the same dosage for 4 weeks, and 5 control dogs were not treated. Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg i.v.) was given after treatment to precipitate recrudescence of any remaining E canis organisms. Platelet counts, anti-E canis immunofluorescent antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of E canis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in blood and tissues were evaluated. RESULTS: E canis DNA was not detected in the blood and tissues of doxycycline-treated dogs after treatment. Platelet counts were within reference intervals, and E canis antibodies decreased. Spontaneous clearance of E canis infection occurred in 2 of 5 control dogs. Three control dogs had E canis DNA detected in blood and tissues, platelet counts remained low or within the reference interval, and E canis antibodies remained high. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: As administered in this study, doxycycline cleared E canis from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs.  相似文献   

Splenic vasculitis,thrombosis, and infarction in a febrile dog infected with Bartonella henselae          下载免费PDF全文

Steven G. Friedenberg DVM  MS  DACVECC  Nandhakumar Balakrishnan PhD  Julien Guillaumin DVM  DACVECC  DECVECC  Edward S. Cooper VMD  MS  DACVECC  Kristin Lewis DVM  Duncan S. Russell BVMS  DACVP  Edward B. Breitschwerdt DVM  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2015,25(6):789-794

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Cytauxzoon felis infection in cats in the mid-Atlantic states: 34 cases (1998-2004)     

Birkenheuer AJ  Le JA  Valenzisi AM  Tucker MD  Levy MG  Breitschwerdt EB 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(4):568-571

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of feline cytauxzoonosis in the mid-Atlantic states and compare the Cytauxzoon felis 18S rRNA gene sequences from affected cats with sequences reported from affected cats in other regions. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 34 cats with C. felis infection. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats in which C. felis infection was diagnosed from May 1998 through June 2004 were reviewed; data collected included signalment, month of diagnosis, geographic location, clinicopathologic abnormalities, medical treatments, outcome, and necropsy findings when applicable. Cytauxzoon felis DNA was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from 4 of these cats and compared with previously reported C. felis DNA sequences. RESULTS: Of 34 C. felis-infected cats, 28 resided in North Carolina, 3 resided in South Carolina, and 3 resided in Virginia; in 32 cats, a diagnosis of C. felis infection was made in April through September. Pancytopenia and icterus were the most common clinicopathologic abnormalities. Thirty-two cats either died or were euthanatized, and 2 cats survived. At 5 veterinary hospitals, multiple cases were identified, and 4 multicat households had > 1 cat infected with C. felis. The 18S rRNA gene sequences characterized in organisms obtained from 4 cats were nearly identical to C. felis DNA sequences reported from other US regions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data indicate that veterinarians in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States should consider C. felis infection in cats that become ill with fever, icterus, and pancytopenia or bicytopenia, especially in the spring and summer months.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Vector‐Borne Pathogens in Southern California Dogs With Clinical and Laboratory Abnormalities Consistent With Immune‐Mediated Disease          下载免费PDF全文

L. Kidd  B. Qurollo  M. Lappin  K. Richter  J.R. Hart  S. Hill  C. Osmond  E.B. Breitschwerdt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(4):1081-1090

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Suspected Needle Stick Transmission of Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii to a Veterinarian     

A.M. Oliveira  R.G. Maggi  C.W. Woods  E.B. Breitschwerdt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(5):1229-1232

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An epizootic of peroneal and tibial neuropathy in Walker Hound pups     

H E Jans  J N Kornegay  E B Breitschwerdt  P J Armstrong 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(4):498-500

Early in life, Walker Hound pups from several litters, later determined to have peroneal and tibial neuropathy, had been given supplements of either evaporated milk and corn syrup mixed with well water or powdered bitch milk formula mixed with well water. Other pups not given supplements were not affected. Pelvic limb monoparesis, areflexia, analgesia, and muscular atrophy developed by 2 weeks of age. Abnormalities detected by light and electron microscopy included scattered swollen axons containing increased organelles and whorled neurofilaments. The clear association between clinical signs of disease and dietary supplementation of pups among healthy dogs in a kennel, as well as lack of an obvious pattern of inheritance, suggested an environmentally acquired toxin, specifically the well water. Attempts to reproduce neuropathy in a litter of Beagle pups 2 years after initial evaluation of the disease syndrome were unsuccessful. Atomic absorption studies performed on the well water to detect heavy metals did not reveal toxic concentrations. Toxins that may have been responsible for the neuropathy in these pups were not identified.  相似文献   

Taking a second hard look at Borrelia burgdorferi     

R T Green  W L Nicholson  E B Breitschwerdt  J F Levine 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(5):562-563

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The low seroprevalence of tick-transmitted agents of disease in dogs from southern Ontario and Quebec     

Gary AT  Webb JA  Hegarty BC  Breitschwerdt EB 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(12):1194-1200

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens transmitted by ticks and other insect vectors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both dogs and humans throughout North America. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of selected vector-transmitted pathogens in southern Ontario and Quebec. Samples submitted to the Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (VBDDL) at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine were evaluated for antibodies to Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia canis, Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, and Rickettsia rickettsii. Information regarding breed and the city or province from which the sample originated was recorded; however, travel history was unknown for the majority of dogs. Overall seroprevalence to these tick-borne pathogens in southern Ontario and Quebec is low compared with most regions of the United States, suggesting that veterinarians in this region of Canada should pursue diagnostic evidence of infection in dogs with a travel history or prior residence in areas endemic for exposure to tick-borne infections.  相似文献   

Experimental Ehrlichia canis infection in the dog does not cause immunosuppression     

Hess PR  English RV  Hegarty BC  Brown GD  Breitschwerdt EB 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,109(1-2):117-125

A carrier state develops in some Ehrlichia canis-infected dogs due to ineffective host defenses. The subsequent development of immune-mediated diseases or opportunistic infections in chronic ehrlichiosis suggests dysregulation of immunity; however, the immunobiology of this infection has not been well characterized. In this study, eight dogs were infected with E. canis, and changes in seroreactivity, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations, peripheral blood T cell subsets, lymphocyte blastogenesis (LBT), and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity were evaluated over 4 months. Infection, which was documented by seroconversion, polymerase chain reaction, and blood culture, caused self-limiting fever and thrombocytopenia. Infected dogs developed an anti-E. canis antibody response but were not immune to re-infection. Serum IgM, IgG, and IgA concentrations were unaffected by E. canis. The percentage of circulating CD4(+) T cells was similar in uninfected and infected dogs at all points. Infected dogs developed a CD8(+) lymphocytosis 6 weeks after inoculation that subsequently subsided, despite organism persistence. Functional defects of cell-mediated immunity, measured as suppression of LAK activity or mitogen-driven LBT, were not observed. These results suggest that immune responses are not grossly impaired in young dogs during the first several months following experimental E. canis infection.  相似文献   

Development and evaluation of a PCR assay for the detection of Cytauxzoon felis DNA in feline blood samples     

Birkenheuer AJ  Marr H  Alleman AR  Levy MG  Breitschwerdt EB 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,137(1-2):144-149

Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging tick borne infectious disease of domestic cats in the United States, caused by the organism Cytauxzoon felis (C. felis). In naturally infected domestic cats the disease is almost always fatal. Currently there are no commercially available molecular or serologic tests to facilitate the antemortem diagnosis of C. felis infection. Clinical and pathological diagnosis of cytauxzoonosis is based on microscopic identification of parasites in tissues or on blood smears. We have developed and evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay for the diagnosis of C. felis infections in feline blood samples. The assay is sensitive enough to detect one copy of a cloned fragment of the C. felis 18S rRNA gene. This PCR assay can be used for the rapid clinical diagnosis of cytauxzoonosis and for epidemiological studies that will better define the geographic distribution of C. felis infection in cats.  相似文献