Antioxidative Effects of Astaxanthin against Nitric Oxide‐Induced Oxidative Stress on Cell Viability and Gene Expression in Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cell and the Developmental Competence of Bovine IVM/IVF Embryos     

HY Jang  SJ Ji  YH Kim  HY Lee  JS Shin  HT Cheong  JT Kim  IC Park  HS Kong  CK Park  BK Yang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):967-974

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the fundamental mechanism of bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) co‐culture on developmental capacity of bovine in vitro oocyte maturation/in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) embryos. We examined the effects of astaxanthin against nitric oxide‐induced oxidative stress on cell viability by MTT assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression of antioxidant genes (CuZnSOD, MnSOD and Catalase) or apoptosis genes (Bcl‐2, Caspase‐3 and Bax) by RT‐PCR in BOEC. We also evaluated the developmental rates of bovine IVM/IVF embryos co‐cultured with BOEC pre‐treated with astaxanthin (500 μm ) in the presence or absence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1000 μm ) for 24 h. Cell viability in BOEC treated with SNP (50–2000 μm ) lowered, while astaxanthin addition (50–500 μm ) increased it in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell viability in astaxanthin plus SNP (1000 μm ) gradually recovered according to the increase in astaxanthin additions (100–500 mm ). The LPO in astaxanthin group (50–500 μM) gradually decreased in a dose dependent manner and among SNP or astaxanthin plus SNP group, SNP alone and astaxanthin (50 μM) plus SNP shown a significant increase than other groups (p < 0.05). Expression of apoptosis or antioxidant genes was detected by RT‐PCR. Bcl‐2 and antioxidant genes were detected in astaxanthin or astaxanthin plus SNP group, and Caspase‐3 and Bax genes were only found in SNP group. When bovine IVM/IVF embryos were cultured for 6–7 days under co‐culture system such as BOEC treated with astaxanthin in the presence or absence of SNP, the developmental ability to blastocysts in 500 μm astaxanthin group was the highest of all groups. These results suggest that astaxanthin has a antioxidative effect on cell viability and LPO of BOEC, and development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos due to the induction of antioxidant genes and suppression of apoptosis genes.  相似文献   

Prevalence of selected infectious agents in cats in Ireland     

Florence Juvet  Michael R. Lappin  Sheila Brennan  Carmel T. Mooney 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(6):476-482

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An assessment of the in-vitro multiplication rates of fourteen black currant cultivars     

R. Brennan  D. Davidson  A. Wilshin  S. Millam 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):679-681

Summary

The in-vitro multiplication rates of fourteen black currant (Ribes nigrum) cultivars from a range of geographical origins were compared. Shoot tips and axillary buds were cultured for 21 days in a medium supplemented with 2.2 mg l^?1 6-benzylaminopurine. The highest shoot multiplication rate achieved was by cv. Ben Lomond, where the mean rate was 3.53 shoots from a single initial expiant. Mean rates between 1.50 and 3.33 were obtained from other cultivars. The results are discussed in relation to the parentage of each cultivar.  相似文献   

Over-seasons analysis of quantitative trait loci affecting phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in raspberry     

Dobson P  Graham J  Stewart D  Brennan R  Hackett CA  McDougall GJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(21):5360-5366

This study examined the total phenol content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) in ripe fruit of progeny of a mapping population generated from a cross between the European red raspberry cv. Glen Moy ( Rubus ideaus var. idaeus) and the North American red raspberry cv. Latham ( Rubus ideaus var. strigosus) over five seasons in two different growing environments. Measurements of antioxidant capacity (FRAP and TEAC) were also carried out. TPC was highly correlated with TEAC and FRAP across the entire data set. The subset of anthocyanin content was genotype-dependent but also correlated with TPC, although the proportion of anthocyanin compounds varied between progeny. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was carried out, and key markers were tested for consistency of effects over sites and years. Four regions, on linkage groups 2, 3, 5, and 6, were identified. These agree with QTLs from a previous study over a single season and indicate that QTL effects were robust over seasons.  相似文献   

Comparison of two assays, a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and a coproantigen reduction test (CRT), for the diagnosis of resistance to triclabendazole in Fasciola hepatica in sheep     

Flanagan A  Edgar HW  Gordon A  Hanna RE  Brennan GP  Fairweather I 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(2-3):170-176

A sheep trial was performed to evaluate two diagnostic assays, a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and a coproantigen reduction test (CRT), for the diagnosis of resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole (TCBZ). The FECRT defines successful TCBZ treatment as a 95% or greater reduction in fluke faecal egg counts (FECs) at 14 days post-treatment (dpt). The CRT defines effective TCBZ treatment as faeces negative for Fasciola coproantigens at 14dpt, as measured by the commercial BIO K201 coproantigen ELISA (Bio-X Diagnostics, Jemelle, Belgium). Forty-nine indoor-reared sheep were split into four trial groups and each sheep was infected with 200 metacercariae of 1 of 4 F. hepatica isolates, previously described as susceptible (Cullompton and Fairhurst) and resistant (Leon and Oberon) to TCBZ action, respectively. TCBZ treatment was administered at 12 weeks post-infection (wpi) to one sub-group in each infected sheep group, and these sheep were culled at 4 weeks post-treatment (wpt). Untreated sheep sub-groups, were culled at a parallel time-point, that is, at 16wpi. Necropsy was performed to confirm treatment efficacy. Individual faecal samples were collected twice-weekly throughout the trial period, sub-sampled and examined by a standardised egg sedimentation protocol and by the BIO K201 ELISA. Results supported the use of both the FECRT and the CRT for the diagnosis of resistance of F. hepatica to TCBZ. In addition, the study confirmed the TCBZ susceptibility of the Cullompton and Fairhurst F. hepatica isolates and the TCBZ resistance of the Oberon F. hepatica isolate. However, the Leon F. hepatica isolate was found to be susceptible, rather than resistant, to TCBZ action.  相似文献   

Effect of levels of take‐all and phosphorus fertiliser on the dry matter and grain yield of wheat     

R. F. Brennan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):1159-1176

In a field experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the effect of the percentage severity of take‐all on the production of dried tops and grain and the kernel weight (mg/seed) was measured when different amounts of phosphorus (P) fertiliser were applied. The soil was severely P deficient. The amounts of P fertitiser varied from nil P (deficient) to 40 kg P/ha (adequate) applied annually. The levels of Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici (Ggt) were generated by four cropping sequences. The levels of percent severity of Ggt on plant roots ranged from low (<10% of wheat plant roots infected) to high (70% of roots infected by Ggt). Yield of dried tops, grain, and kernal weight, all increased as the level of P applied increased, but the amount of Ggt infection decreased. No grain was produced where no P was applied. The percentage increase in yield due to declines in the severity of take‐all was greater as the level of P applied increased. Increasing levels of P fertiliser help control the severity of Ggt (%) only where the initial level of Ggt with nil P fertiliser are moderate to low. Where the levels of Ggt severity are >65% the effectiveness of P in reducing the levels of Ggt severity rapidly declined. The percentage severity of Ggt affected the efficiency of plants to use P fertilisers. For each cropping sequence, a Mitscherlich function described the grain yield response to P fertiliser. The maximum grain yield (A coefficient) and the curvature coefficient (C) both declined with increases in the level of Ggt severity (%). For example, the C was significantly reduced from 0.134±0.03 for the least Ggt severity (%) to 0.00446±0.001 where Ggt was not controlled. The kernal weight (mg/seed) was increased by P application and decreased by Ggt infection.  相似文献   

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the concentrations of oil and protein in canola (brassica napus) seed     

R. F. Brennan  M. G. Mason  G. H. Walton 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):339-348

The oil and protein concentration response of canola (Brassica napus L.) to application of nitrogen (N), applied as urea (46%), was measured in 210 field plots done in 1994 and 1995 in south‐western Australia (WA). The canola was grown on a range of soil types deficient in N for maximum seed production. The sites were sown in late May to early June. The concentration of oil in the canola seed decreased concomitantly with an increase in protein. In all experiments, in both years, there was no relationship between the seed yield and the resultant oil or protein concentration. The addition of the oil plus protein concentration in the canola seed was an approximately constant 62% in the both years.  相似文献   

Increased Concentration of Molybdenum in Sown Wheat Seed Decreases Grain Yield Responses to Applied Molybdenum Fertilizer in Naturally Acidic Sandplain Soils     

R. F. Brennan  M. D. A. Bolland 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2005-2019

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major crop in southwestern Australia where 75% of the 18 million hectares comprise sandy duplex and deep sandy soils, including uniform yellow sandplain soils. Some of the sandplain soils in the lower rainfall (< 350 mm annual average) eastern region are naturally very acidic (soil pH, as measured in 1:5 soil:0.01 M calcium chloride, 3.7–4.5) in soil horizons explored by wheat roots so molybdenum (Mo) deficiency and aluminium (Al) toxicity adversely affects grain production of wheat. Liming is not an economic option to ameliorate Mo deficiency and Al toxicity in these soils because uneconomical large amounts are required. However, despite Al toxicity, applying Mo fertilizer produces profitable grain yield. The fertilizer also increases Mo concentration in grain, and if this grain was used to sow the next crop, it may reduce the amount of Mo fertilizer required by the subsequent crop. To test this hypothesis we grew wheat in an experiment on naturally acidic sandplain soil (pH 4.5) when either 0 or 160 g/ha fertilizer Mo was applied. The grain harvested at the end of the growing season had Mo concentrations of 0.07 mg/kg when no Mo was applied (low Mo seed) and 0.27 mg/kg when Mo was applied (high Mo seed). In two further field experiments on naturally acidic sandplain soil (pH 4.3 and 4.4) we sowed low and high Mo seed of the same size (36.4 ± 0.2 mg per seed) when 4 rates of Mo fertilizer (0, 35, 70, and 140 g/ha Mo) was applied to soil. Grain yield responses to the Mo fertilizer were 59% for low Mo seed and 55 g/ha fertilizer Mo was required to produce 90% of the maximum grain yield. Corresponding values for high Mo seed were 15% response and 15 g/ha fertilizer Mo. Rather than sowing wheat seed harvested from acidic soils to sow wheat crops on the acidic sandplain soils, we instead recommend seed harvested from alkaline soils with larger concentrations of Mo in the seed be used reducing the rate of fertilizer Mo required for that crop.

The concentration of Mo in the youngest emerged leaf blades (YEB) that was related to 90% of the maximum grain yield (critical prognostic tissue test value for grain production) was about 0.08–0.09 mg/kg at tillering (Gs24) and at emergence of wheat heads (Gs59).  相似文献   

Soil and Tissue Tests to Predict the Phosphorus Requirements of Canola in Southwestern Australia     

R. F. Brennan  M. D. A. Bolland 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1767-1777

Canola (oil seed rape, Brassica napus L.) is now a major crop grown on the predominantly sandy soils in southwestern Australia and knowledge about the phosphorus (P) requirements of the crop in the region is limited. The results of 22 experiments done in the region are reported to determine the relationships between absolute seed (grain) yield response to applied P and (1) soil test P (Colwell sodium bicarbonate procedure) and (2) concentration of P measured in dried shoots at the rosette growth stage. Large grain yield responses to applied P occurred when Colwell soil test P values for the top 10 cm of soil were < 20 mg/kg soil and when concentrations of P in dried shoots were < 3.6 g/kg. The fertilizer P requirements for optimal economic return for canola grain production in the region varied from 10–35 kg P/ha. The 9 different canola cultivars used in the experiments from 1987–2005 had no major effect on the relationship between absolute grain yield response to applied P and soil test P. Application of fertilizer P mostly had no significant effects on either oil or protein concentrations in grain.  相似文献   

Long-Term Residual Value of Zinc Fertilizer for Pasture Legumes Using Yield of Dried Herbage and Critical Concentration of Zinc in Young Tissue     

R. F. Brennan  M. D. A. Bolland 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):613-637

The zinc (Zn) requirements of subterranean clover (Trifolium subteraneaum L.) are well known for the predominantly marginally acidic to neutral sandy soils of southwestern Australia, but the Zn requirements of French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) and biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.), now also grown on these soils, is not known and were investigated in a glasshouse pot experiment. Soil was collected from field plots never treated with Zn or treated once only with 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha as Zn oxide either in 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1997, or 2000. In the pot experiment, six levels of Zn were freshly-applied to samples of soil collected from each Zn treatment of the field experiment, and pots were sown either with subterranean clover cv. ‘Dalkeith’, French serradella cv. ‘Margurita’, or biserrula cv. ‘Casbah’. The pasture species were defoliated by cutting pasture herbage 3 cm above the soil surface for up to 4 consecutive defoliations. The approximate linear relationship between the level of freshly-applied Zn in the pot experiment required to produce 90% of the maximum yield of dried defoliated herbage (y-axis) and the number of years since Zn was applied in the field (x-axis) was used to project the number of years it took for the 0.5 or 1.0 kg Zn/ha treatments applied in the field to require the same level of freshly-applied Zn to produce 90% of the maximum yield of the nil-Zn treatment in the field. This was 18–19 years for the 0.5 kg Zn/ha treatment and 32–35 years for the 1.0 kg Zn/ha treatment. The range in values was due to differences between legume species and the defoliation treatments, which were not significant. When yields were measured, samples of young growth (YG) were separated from the rest of the defoliated herbage (ROH) and the concentration of Zn in YG and ROH was measured. The concentration of Zn in YG that was related to 90% of the maximum yield of defoliated dried herbage (critical tissue test value) was (mg/kg) 13 for subterranean clover, 17 for French serradella, and 19 for biserrula; respective critical tissue test values for ROH were 19, 24, and 21 mg/kg. The approximate linear relationship between critical Zn concentration in YG (y-axis) and the number of years since Zn was applied in the field (x-axis) was used to project the number of years it took for the 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha levels applied in the field to reach the same critical tissue test value as the nil-Zn treatment of the field experiment. This was 17–20 years for the 0.5 kg Zn/ha treatment and 31–37 years for the 1.0 kg/ha treatment, which was similar to the 18–19 and 32–35 years projected using yield data. Before sowing the legumes in the pot study soil samples were collected to measure soil test Zn using the DTPA procedure. The critical DTPA soil test Zn, the soil test value that was related to 90% of the maximum yield of defoliated dried herbage, was about 0.20 mg Zn/kg for the 3 pasture legume species and all Zn treatments in the field and pot studies.  相似文献