α and β-galactosidase activities and oligosaccharide content in peanuts     

Bryant RJ  Rao DR  Ogutu S 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2003,58(3):213-223

Thirty-three peanut cultivars were examined for their alpha-1,6 and beta-1,4 galactosidase activities and oligosaccharide contents along with proximate compositions. The average moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were: 4.9%, 26.6%, 43.1%, 2.3% and 23.1%, respectively. The corresponding coefficients of variation were: 5.2%, 10.1%, 7.2%, 7.8% and 15.7%, respectively. Raffinose and stachyose contents (%) ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 and 0.31 to 0.61, respectively. The specific activity (micromol product/min/mg protein) of crude preparation of alpha-galactosidase for the 33 cultivars ranged from 1.096 to 2.784 for the non-germinated seeds and from not being detected in some samples up to 2.432 for the germinated seeds; the mean values for non-germinated and germinated seeds were: 1.781 and 1.410, respectively. The specific activity of beta-galactosidase ranged from 0.101 to 1.727 in the non-germinated seeds and from not being detected in some samples up to 0.898 in the germinated seeds. Germination decreased the activity of both galactosidases significantly (p < or = 0.05).  相似文献   

Troublesome toxins: time to re-think plant-herbivore interactions in vertebrate ecology     

Robert K Swihart  Donald L DeAngelis  Zhilan Feng  John P Bryant 《BMC ecology》2009,9(1):5-6

Earlier models of plant-herbivore interactions relied on forms of functional response that related rates of ingestion by herbivores to mechanical or physical attributes such as bite size and rate. These models fail to predict a growing number of findings that implicate chemical toxins as important determinants of plant-herbivore dynamics. Specifically, considerable evidence suggests that toxins set upper limits on food intake for many species of herbivorous vertebrates. Herbivores feeding on toxin-containing plants must avoid saturating their detoxification systems, which often occurs before ingestion rates are limited by mechanical handling of food items. In light of the importance of plant toxins, a new approach is needed to link herbivores to their food base. We discuss necessary features of such an approach, note recent advances in herbivore functional response models that incorporate effects of plant toxins, and mention predictions that are consistent with observations in natural systems. Future ecological studies will need to address explicitly the importance of plant toxins in shaping plant and herbivore communities.  相似文献   

Deforesting Malaysia—the political economy and social ecology of agricultural expansion and commercial logging,edited by K. S. Jomo,Y. T. Chang and K. J. Khoo. Zed Books,London, 2004. ISBN 1 84277 466 2, xx + 253pp     

R. L. Bryant 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2006,17(1):111-111

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Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris in soil samples     

R. S. Barwick  H. O. Mohammed  M. E. White  R. B. Bryant 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(5):385-390

 The flotation procedure for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris oocysts in feces was adapted for use on soil samples. Soil samples were seeded with known amounts of purified C. parvum or C. muris oocysts and Cryptosporidium spp.-free bovine feces. The limit of detection for this procedure was determined at different levels of inoculation for each species. At each level of inoculation, 30 control samples were processed and the observer was blind to the status of the sample. All samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts using phase-contrast microscopy. The samples were seeded with the following estimated counts of C. parvum oocysts: 1000/g, 1250/g, and 1500/g. These levels had sensitivities of 88%, 90%, and 93%, respectively. All inoculation levels had a specificity of 100%. Thirty additional samples were inoculated with C. muris and the limit of detection was found to be 76 oocysts/g sample, with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100%. Received: 4 October 1999  相似文献   

Rice Milling Quality,Grain Dimensions,and Starch Branching as Affected by High Night Temperatures     

P. A. Counce  R. J. Bryant  C. J. Bergman  R. C. Bautista  Y.‐J. Wang  T. J. Siebenmorgen  K. A. K. Moldenhauer  J.‐F. C. Meullenet 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(6):645-648

Important rice grain quality characteristics such as percentage of chalky rice kernels are affected by both high and low night temperatures and by different day and day/night temperature combinations. High nighttime temperatures have also been suspected of reducing rice milling quality including head rice yields. Experiments to confirm or refute this have not been reported. A controlled climate experiment was conducted. Conditions in the chambers were identical except between 2400 and 0500 hours (midnight and 5 am). For those times, two temperature treatments were imposed: 1) 18°C (low temperature treatment) and 2) 24°C (high temperature treatment). Two cultivars were tested: LaGrue and Cypress. The high temperature treatment reduced head rice yields compared with the low temperature treatment. Grain widths were reduced for the high temperature treatment compared with the low temperature treatment. There was no effect of temperature on grain length or thickness. Amylopectin chain lengths 13–24 were increased by the high temperature treatment by ≈1%. Future research will focus on determining whether genetic variability exists among cultivars in their head rice yield response to high temperatures. After identifying a source of resistance to high temperature effects, this characteristic can be incorporated into rice cultivars. In addition, ways to reduce this effect, including biotechnological remedies, have the potential for increasing rice yield and quality.  相似文献   

Effects of Superoxide Disrnutase and Allopurinol on the Survival of Acute Island Skin Flaps     

Im MJ  Manson PN  Bulkely GB  Hooper JE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(3):234-234

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Flood plain staggers, a tunicaminyluracil toxicosis of cattle in northern New South Wales     

CA BOURKE  MJ CARRIGAN  SCJ LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(9):228-229

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An outbreak of listerial myelitis in sheep     

JT SEAMAN  MJ CARRIGAN  FA COCKRAM  GI CARTER 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):142-143

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Supplemental biotin for swine. I. Influence on feedlot performance, plasma biotin and toe lesions in developing gilts     

K L Bryant  E T Kornegay  J W Knight  K E Webb  D R Notter 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(1):136-144

Three trials, utilizing a total of 240 crossbred gilts, were conducted to study the influence of 0 (NB) or 220 (SB) microgram supplemental biotin/kg of diet on feedlot performance, plasma biotin and development of toe lesions in developing gilts. Corn-soybean meal diets were fed from weaning to 92 kg body weight. Gilts were housed on expanded-metal floors to 50 kg body weight and on partially slatted concrete floors until completion of the trials. Feedlot performance, hair and structural soundness scores were not different (P greater than .10) between NB and SB gilts. Plasma biotin (PB) levels were elevated (P less than .01) when supplemental biotin was included in the diet. Gilts consuming SB diets had fewer (P less than .01) toe lesions/gilt and lower (P less than .01) toe lesion severity scores/gilt compared with gilts fed NB diets. Heel-horn erosion and heel cracks were the most frequent toe lesions observed. Fewer gilts (P less than .01) developed side-wall toe cracks when fed SB diets. Supplemental biotin reduced the frequency of individual toes containing heel-horn erosion (P less than .10), heel cracks (P less than .05) and side-wall toe cracks (P less than .05) with the severity of these lesions not affected (P greater than .10) by supplemental biotin. These results suggest that biotin levels in corn-soybean meal diets are adequate for feedlot performance, and that supplemental biotin can improve hoof integrity, but will not prevent toe lesions.  相似文献   

A review of cases submitted to Murdoch University for immunodiagnostic testing: 1978–1989     

WJ PENHALE  MJ DAY†  AD LINES  RP McKENNA 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):148-149

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