Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

S J O'Brien  M E Roelke  L Marker  A Newman  C A Winkler  D Meltzer  L Colly  J F Evermann  M Bush  D E Wildt 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4693):1428-1434

A population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the South African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. The genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. The apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species include (i) great difficulty in captive breeding, (ii) a high degree of juvenile mortality in captivity and in the wild, and (iii) a high frequency of spermatozoal abnormalities in ejaculates. The species vulnerability of the cheetah was demonstrated by an epizootic of coronavirus-associated feline infectious peritonitis in an Oregon breeding colony in 1983. Exposure and spread of the coronavirus, which has a very low morbidity in domestic cats (approximately 1 percent), has decimated a heretofore productive and healthy captive population. The extreme genetic monomorphism, especially at the major histocompatibility complex, and the apparent hypersensitivity of the cheetah to a viral pathogen may be related, and provide a biological basis for understanding the adaptive significance of abundant genetic variation in outbred mammalian species.  相似文献   

Serum chemistry comparisons between captive and free-ranging giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)     

Schmidt DA  Barbiers RB  Ellersieck MR  Ball RL  Koutsos EA  Griffin ME  Grobler D  Citino SB  Bush M 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(1):33-39

Serum chemistry analyses were compared between captive and free-ranging giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) in an attempt to better understand some of the medical issues seen with captive giraffes. Illnesses, including peracute mortality, energy malnutrition, pancreatic disease, urolithiasis, hoof disease, and severe intestinal parasitism, may be related to zoo nutrition and management issues. Serum samples were collected from 20 captive giraffes at 10 United States institutions. Thirteen of the captive animal samples were collected from animals trained for blood collection; seven were banked samples obtained from a previous serum collection. These samples were compared with serum samples collected from 24 free-ranging giraffes in South Africa. Differences between captive and free-ranging giraffes, males and females, and adults and subadults were analyzed by using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial and Fisher's least significant difference for mean separation; when necessary variables were ranked and analyzed via analysis of variance. Potassium and bilirubin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were different between captive and free-ranging giraffes, but all fell within normal bovid reference ranges. The average glucose concentration was significantly elevated in free-ranging giraffes (161 mg/dl) compared with captive giraffes (113 mg/dl). All giraffes in this study had glucose concentrations higher than bovine (42-75 mg/ dl) and caprine (48-76 mg/dl) reference ranges. Differences were also seen in lipase, chloride, and magnesium though these findings are likely not clinically significant. There were no differences detected between sexes. Adults had higher concentrations of potassium, total protein, globulins, and chloride and higher gamma glutamyltransferase activities, whereas subadults had higher concentrations of phosphorus. Within the captive group, nonimmobilized animals had higher concentrations of total protein and globulins. Captive giraffe diets need further investigation to determine if the differences seen in this study, especially glucose and bilirubin concentrations and ALT activities, may result in some health problems often seen in captive giraffes.  相似文献   

Cesarean section in a Bongo antelope     

M Bush  R J Montali  C W Gray  L M Neeley 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1973,163(6):552-553

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ECG of the month. Atrial fibrillation     

S B Citino  M Bush  L G Phillips 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,190(8):950-951

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Observations on immobilization of Père David's deer.     

J Smeller  M Bush  U S Seal 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1976,169(9):890-893

Etorphine and xylazine were found to be a safe and reliable drug combination for the immobilization of Père David's deer, whether excited or unexcited. Excited deer had a longer preimmobilization period, when compared with unexcited deer at comparable dosages. Generally, the acid-base status of Père David's deer during immobilization was not seriously altered. Deer that had been excited and exercised experienced mild respiratory problems; the unexcited, relatively calm deer experienced minimal acidosis. Significantly high pH and PO2 and significantly lower PCO2 and bicarbonate values were found in the excited deer, when compared with the unexcited deer. Rapid physiologic changes occurred after the intravenous administration of the antagonist, diprenorphine.  相似文献   

Collection and analysis of semen from a black rhinoceros     

C C Platz  S W Seager  M Bush 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1979,175(9):1002-1004

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Infectious canine hepatitis and chronic renal failure     

B M Bush  J M Evans 《The Veterinary record》1972,90(2):33-34

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Polycythaemia vera in a bitch   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. M. Bush  R. Fankhauser 《The Journal of small animal practice》1972,13(2):75-89

Polycythaemia vera was diagnosed in a 5-year-old Labrador Retriever bitch on the basis of an increased red blood cell mass without a decrease in the normal arterial blood oxygen concentration. Treatment with 2 mCi intravenous radioactive phosphorus (³² P ) was followed 5 months later by a reduction in the red blood cell mass which persisted for a further 5 months. Thereafter, the red cell mass increased and the animal died 8 months later. Post-mortem examination showed the presence of generalized vascular congestion, fibrosis affecting the blood vessels, degeneration of parenchy-matous organs and increased haematopoiesis and erythrocyte destruction. Résumé. On a diagnostiqué la polycythémie vera chez une chienne Labrador Retriever, ǎgée de 5 ans, sur base de la proportion accrue de globules rouges sans qu'il n'y ait de baisse de la concentration normale d'oxygène dans le sang artériel. Après le traitement au phosphore radioactif intraveineux 2 mCi (³²P), on a assisté, 5 mois plus tard, à une réduction de la masse des globules rouges, qui s'est maintenue pendant encore 5 mois. Ensuite, la proportion de globules rouges augmenta et l'animal mourut 8 mois après. L'autopsie a révélé une congestion vasculaire généralisée, une fibrose affectant les vaisseaux sanguins, une dégénération des organes paren-chymateux et une destruction accrue de l'hématopoésie et des érythrocytes. Zusammenfassung. Polycythaemia vera wurde bei einer 5 Jahre alten Labrador-Retriever. Hündin auf Grund einer erhöhten Erythrocytenmasse ohne Verminderung der normalen arteriellen Blutsauerstoffkonzentration diagnostiziert. Auf die Behandlung mit 2 mCi intravenös verabreichten radioaktiven Phosphors (³²P) folgte nach 5 Monaten eine Verminderung der Erythrocytenmasse, die weitere 5 Monate anhielt. Danach stieg die Erythrocytenmasse wieder an und das Tier starb 8 Monate später. Die Autopsie ergab das Vorhandensein einer generalisierten arteriellen Kongestion, Fibrosis der Blutgefässe, Degeneration der parenchymatösen Organe und vermehrte Hämatopoese und Erythrocytenzerstörung.  相似文献   

Blood volume measurements in gopher snakes, using autologous 51Cr-labeled red blood cells     

J M Smeller  M Bush  U S Seal 《American journal of veterinary research》1978,39(2):355-356

Blood volume determinations were performed in 5 anesthetized gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus catenifer) by means of a 51Cr-labeled red blood cell (RBC) method. The mean blood volume was 52.8 ml/kg of body weight (+/- 6.21 SE). Previous blood volume measurements have not been reported for this species. The RBC survival rate was estimated to be greater than 660 days. The RBC survival rate is long, but it cannot be determined accurately by this method.  相似文献   

Anaesthesia of nyala (Tragelaphus angasi) with a combination of thiafentanil (A3080), medetomidine and ketamine     

Cooper DV  Grobler D  Bush M  Jessup D  Lance W 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2005,76(1):18-21

A combination of thiafentanil (A3080), medetomidine hydrochloride (MED) and ketamine hydrochloride (KET) was evaluated in 19 boma-habituated (12 female and 7 males) and 9 free-ranging nyala (7 male and 2 females) (Tragelaphus angasi) to develop a safe and reliable anaesthesia protocol. Wide dosages were used safely during this study with ranges for A3080 of 45 +/- 8 microg/kg with MED of 69 +/- 19 microg/kg and KET of 3.7 +/- 1.0 mg/kg (200 mg/ animal). The dosages developed on boma-habituated nyala proved to be equally effective in 9 adult free-ranging nyala (7 males and 2 females). The optimum dosage for nyala was a combination of A3080 (40-50 microg/kg), MED (60-80 microg/kg) plus 200 mg of KET/animal. The anaesthesia was characterised by a short induction, good muscle relaxation and mild hypoxaemia during monitoring the anaesthesia was rapidly and completely reversed by naltrexone hydrochloride (30 mg/mg of A3080) and atipamezole hydrochloride (5 mg/mg of MED) given intramuscularly. There was no mortality or morbidity associated with this protocol.  相似文献