Angling for endangered fish: conservation problem or conservation action?          下载免费PDF全文

Steven J Cooke  Zeb S Hogan  Paul A Butcher  Michael J W Stokesbury  Rajeev Raghavan  Austin J Gallagher  Neil Hammerschlag  Andy J Danylchuk 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(1):249-265

Recreational angling has been implicated in population declines of some marine and freshwater fish, but this activity is rarely considered as a threat or even halted when endangered species are targeted. Indeed, in some cases, anglers are drawn to fish for rare or endangered species. Conservation‐oriented behaviours such as catch‐and‐release are often practiced voluntarily due to the ethics of anglers, yet even in these cases, some fishing mortality occurs. Nonetheless, there are many indirect conservation benefits associated with recreational angling. Here, we present a series of case‐studies and consider whether catch‐and‐release angling for endangered fish is a conservation problem or a conservation action. If recreational angling activities contribute to population‐level consequences that are contrary to recovery strategies, then angling for endangered species would seem to be a poor option. However, as revealed by several case‐studies, there is much evidence that anglers are vocal and effective proponents of fish and habitat conservation, and for endangered species, they are often the only voice when other stakeholders are not engaged. Anglers may contribute directly to conservation actions via user fees (e.g. licences), philanthropic donations or by volunteering in research, education and restoration activities. However, it is important to quantify post‐release mortality as well as understand the full suite of factors influencing a given population or species to know the potential risks. A risk assessment approach outlined in the paper may be used by managers to determine when the benefits of angling for endangered species outweigh the risks.  相似文献   

Autoantibody profiles in the sera of patients with Q fever: characterization of antigens by immunofluorescence,immunoblot and sequence analysis     

MT Camacho  I Outschoorn  A Tellez  J Sequí 《Journal of Autoimmune Diseases》2005,2(1):10

Recent reports have shown that some of the immunological aspects of Q fever, a rickettsiosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, could be related to self-antigen responses. The aim of this study was to determine the specificity of the autoantibody response of patients with acute and chronic Coxiella infections. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle-specific autoantibodies were observed in significant percentages in acutely or chronically affected Q fever patients when compared to healthy volunteers. Moreover, the incidence of cardiac muscle-specific autoantibody was significantly higher among chronically ill patients compared to acutely ill patients. Moreover, a band of 50 kD of a HeLa extract was detected in most of the sera of individuals with chronic infections and previous sequence analysis suggests that this antigen presents a high degree of homology with the human actin elongation factor 1 alpha. Further research would be necessary to confirm if antibodies to human cytoskeletal proteins could be of clinical importance in chronically infected Q fever patients.  相似文献   

Management factors and clinical implications of glandular and squamous gastric disease in horses     

Benjamin W. Sykes  Mark Bowen  Jocelyn L. Habershon‐Butcher  Martin Green  Gayle D. Hallowell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):233-240

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人类在禽病流行中所扮演的角色     

Mojtaba Yegani  Gary Butcher  高娃  孙许远 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2010,30(3):33-34

彻底阐明疾病从人向家禽传播的途径并不是一件困难的事,但要防止家禽疾病暴发还需要走很长的路。  相似文献   

Potential for genetic improvement of oil production in Melaleuca alternifolia and M. linariifolia     

P. A. Butcher  A. C. Matheson  M. U. Slee 《New Forests》1996,11(1):31-51

Variation in oil yields from plantations and natural stands of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel indicates considerable potential for improving plantation production through breeding. Some populations of the more widely distributed species, M. linariifolia Sm., produce a similar leaf oil and may provide opportunities to expand the genetic base of plantations. Growth and oil traits were assessed for 60 half-sib families, representing three chemical forms of Melaleuca alternifolia, and 10 half-sib families of the terpinen-4-ol rich chemical form of M. linariifolia, in a provenance/progeny trial in northern New South Wales, Australia. Differences in oil composition and coppicing between the terpinen-4-ol rich forms of the two species were significant (P < 0.05), while differences in growth traits and leaf oil yield were not significant. The difference in oil composition between northern and southern populations of M. linariifolia was as great as differences between the two species, suggesting the two regions should be considered distinct races for breeding purposes.Narrow-sense heritabilities in M. alternifolia of 0.67 for oil yield, 0.25 for plant dry weight, and 0.27 for coppice indicate substantial improvement would follow selection for single traits. However, negative genetic correlations between oil yield and plant dry weight indicate it is not possible to simultaneously achieve major gains in the two traits. Using combined index selection with a restriction on plant dry weight, expected gains of 17% in oil yield and 14% in coppicing are predicted from one generation of selection at an intensity of one tree in ten.  相似文献   

Uterine prolapse in Southland ewes     

Butcher G  McIntyre S 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1998,46(1):40

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Directional Freezing of Equine Semen in Large Volumes   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

J Saragusty  H Gacitua  MT Pettit  A Arav 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):610-615

Despite its potential impact on the horse industry, sperm cryopreservation is not an established technology throughout the industry, for a number of reasons that include a reduction in pregnancy rate and increased cost per pregnancy. We have evaluated a novel directional freezing technique, based on a multi-thermal gradient (MTG), by comparing it with the conventional, controlled-rate cryopreservation method (CRCM). Ninety-seven ejaculates with > or =50% motility, collected from 31 stallions were each divided into two parts and subsequently frozen by either MTG or CRCM. Frozen samples were then stored in liquid nitrogen until thawing. The two treatments were evaluated by three methods: progressive linear motility (PLM), viability stain and hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test. High correlation was found between the three evaluation methods for all post-thaw samples. Eighty-eight per cent of the ejaculates frozen by MTG had post-thaw PLM > or =35%, whereas only 59% of the ejaculates frozen by CRCM had such motility. Post-thaw evaluations of samples frozen by MTG and CRCM were: PLM - 50.2 +/- 1.5% and 37.4 +/- 1.5%, respectively; viability - 53.6 +/- 1.5% and 39.5 +/- 1.4%, respectively; membrane integrity, as evaluated by HOS - 36.2 +/- 1.3% and 26.5 +/- 1.1%, respectively. The differences according to all the evaluation methods were highly significant (p < 0.001), and the results indicate that freezing stallion semen by MTG is superior to CRCM.  相似文献   

Oxalate metabolism in sheep. I. Effect of low level Halogeton glomeratus intake on nutrient balance     

L F James  J C Street  J E Butcher  W Binns 《Journal of animal science》1968,27(3):718-723

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In vitro degradation of oxalate and of cellulose by rumen ingesta from sheep fed Halogeton glomeratus   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

L F James  J C Street  J E Butcher 《Journal of animal science》1967,26(6):1438-1444

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Acute undifferentiated leukaemia in a dog     

A Miglio  MT Antognoni  B Miniscalco  D Caivano  E Lepri  F Birettoni  V Mangili 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(12):499-503

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