肉鸡的饲料排出是个复杂的问题     

梁正维  G.D.Butcher  A.H.Nilipour  Eric Heskett 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2001,(2):10-10

“饲料排出” ,或者说得更准确些是未消化饲料从肉鸡的粪中排出 ,一直是时不时听到肉鸡饲养企业报告的一个问题。如今 ,这个问题的发生率和严重程度已经比 1 996年时低了很多 ,当时在谷物连年歉收之后全世界都报告了饲料排出的问题。说肉鸡将未消化的饲料经粪排出体外 ,是因为在粪中可见到很大的玉米颗粒和过量的水分 ,同时见到粪便不成形 ,其颜色为特征性的绿色并带有橙色粘液。受害肉鸡色泽苍白 ,饲料利用率低下 ,体重很轻 ,群体均一度很差。剖检常见受害肉鸡腺胃、肌胃和小肠病变。有趣的是在有些饲喂稻谷的国家 ,比如圭亚那 ,则未见这一…  相似文献   

Effects of estradiol-17beta and progesterone on prostaglandins F in sheep uteri and uterine venous plasma.     

S P Ford  C W Weems  R E Pitts  J E Pexton  R L Butcher  E K Inskeep 《Journal of animal science》1975,41(5):1407-1413

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Ultrasonic shear wave velocities of MgSiO3 perovskite at 8 GPa and 800 K and lower mantle composition   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YD Sinelnikov  G Chen  DR Neuville  MT Vaughan  RC Liebermann 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5377):677-679

Ultrasonic interferometric measurements of the shear elastic properties of MgSiO3 perovskite were conducted on three polycrystalline specimens at conditions up to pressures of 8 gigapascals and temperatures of 800 kelvin. The acoustic measurements produced the pressure (P) and temperature (T) derivatives of the shear modulus (G), namely ( partial differentialG/ partial differentialP)T = 1.8 +/- 0.4 and ( partial differentialG/ partial differentialT)P = -2.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(-2) gigapascals per kelvin. Combining these derivatives with the derivatives that were measured for the bulk modulus and thermal expansion of MgSiO3 perovskite provided data that suggest lower mantle compositions between pyrolite and C1 carbonaceous chondrite and a lower mantle potential temperature of 1500 +/- 200 kelvin.  相似文献   

Stray dogs--a worldwide problem.     

R Butcher 《The Journal of small animal practice》1999,40(9):458-459

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Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) poisoning of three ponies     

SM Ossedryver  GI Baldwin  BM Stone  RA McKenzie  AW van Eps  S Murray  MT Fletcher 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(4):143-149

Three ponies continuously grazed a pasture containing an estimated 24% Indigofera spicata (wet weight basis) for 4–6 weeks in April and May 2004. They developed ataxia, paresis, depression, muscle fasciculations, dysphagia, ptyalism and halitosis. Two also developed corneal opacity. One pony recovered with supportive treatment, but the other two were euthanased and necropsied. Neuropathology was not present in either case, but both livers had periacinar and periportal lymphocytic infiltrations and hydropic degeneration of mid‐zonal hepatocytes, with mild to moderate periacinar necrosis also evident in one. The I. spicata contained 2.66 mg 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA)/g dry matter and 1.5 mg indospicine/g dry matter. Indospicine, but not 3‐NPA, was detected in serum from both of the euthanased ponies and indospicine was detected in heart, liver and muscle from the one pony in which this assay was performed. The clinical syndrome closely resembled ‘Birdsville horse disease’ caused by I. linnaei and was similar to that reported in horses poisoned by the closely related species I. hendecaphylla and to 3‐NPA poisoning of other animals, including humans. 3‐NPA is thought to cause this neurological syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first authenticated report of I. spicata poisoning in grazing animals. We also report here the first published evidence that 3‐NPA and indospicine exist in naturalised I. spicata in Australia and of the formation of indospicine residues in tissues of animals grazing paddocks infested with I. spicata.  相似文献   

Veterinary Hematology: A Diagnostic Guide and Color Atlas John W. Harvey Saunders/Elsevier,St. Louis,MO, ISBN: 978‐1‐4377‐0173‐9, softcover, 384 pages, 2012, $79.95 (USD)     

Deanna M. W. Schaefer DVM  MS  MT  Dipl. ACVP 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(4):607-607

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The effectiveness of Shark-Management-Alert-in-Real-Time (SMART) drumlines as a tool for catching white sharks,Carcharodon carcharias,off coastal New South Wales,Australia     

Rick D. Tate  Brendan P. Kelaher  Craig P. Brand  Brian R. Cullis  Christopher R. Gallen  Stephen D.A. Smith  Paul A. Butcher 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(5):496-506

White (Carcharodon carcharias L.), bull (Carcharhinus leucas, Müller & Henle) and tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier, Péron & Lesueur) sharks are the primary species responsible for unprovoked shark bites. Historically, management practices were based on culling “target” shark species (i.e. white, bull and tiger sharks), which resulted in high levels of bycatch and mortality. Shark-Management-Alert-in-Real-Time (SMART) drumlines were trialled in New South Wales, Australia, aiming to optimise the capture of target shark species while minimising bycatch and mortality. Target shark species accounted for 70% of the total catch, with white sharks contributing 298 of the 350 sharks that were caught. Four animals died, and bycatch consisted of 13 species including two threatened species. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) revealed a significant spatial, temporal, environmental and gear influence on white shark catch rates. SMART drumlines are a useful tool for catching target shark species with low bycatch and mortality relative to historical bather protection methods.  相似文献   

Improving reliability of species identification and logbook catch reporting by commercial fishers in an Australian demersal shark longline fishery          下载免费PDF全文

W. G. Macbeth  P. A. Butcher  D. Collins  S. P. McGrath  S. C. Provost  A. C. Bowling  P. T. Geraghty  V. M. Peddemors 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2018,25(3):186-202

Large adult carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks have been targeted in coastal waters off New South Wales, eastern Australia, by commercial fishers using demersal longlines since 2005. Inaccurate fisher reporting of the composition of catches led in 2008 to a range of complementary management measures to help improve reliability, including a redesigned catch logbook, species identification guide and at‐sea education via an observer programme. This study provides results from assessments of the effectiveness of those measures. A questionnaire yielded overwhelmingly positive feedback from fishers regarding the usefulness of the species identification guide. Comparison of observer‐recorded data and corresponding fisher‐reported logbook data via weighted linear mixed‐effects modelling found that since 2008, misreporting of catches has varied considerably among species and, for some species, among fishers. With some species commonly under‐reported and others frequently over‐reported, it is apparent that certain species were likely mistaken for other morphologically similar species. Such systematic error inherently undermines stock assessments of these vulnerable species. Management strategies designed to include education and extension will ensure greater reliability of fisher reporting of shark catches in the future.  相似文献   

Experimental inoculation of domestic cats (Felis domesticus) with Sarcocystis neurona or S. neurona-like merozoites     

Butcher M  Lakritz J  Halaney A  Branson K  Gupta GD  Kreeger J  Marsh AE 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,107(1-2):1-14

Sarcocystis neurona is the parasite most commonly associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Recently, cats (Felis domesticus) have been demonstrated to be an experimental intermediate host in the life cycle of S. neurona. This study was performed to determine if cats experimentally inoculated with culture-derived S. neurona merozoites develop tissue sarcocysts infectious to opossums (Didelphis virginiana), the definitive host of S. neurona. Four cats were inoculated with S. neurona or S. neurona-like merozoites and all developed antibodies reacting to S. neurona merozoite antigens, but tissue sarcocysts were detected in only two cats. Muscle tissues from the experimentally inoculated cats with and without detectable sarcocysts were fed to laboratory-reared opossums. Sporocysts were detected in gastrointestinal (GI) scrapings of one opossum fed experimentally infected feline tissues. The study results suggest that cats can develop tissue cysts following inoculation with culture-derived Sarcocystis sp. merozoites in which the particular isolate was originally derived from a naturally infected cat with tissue sarcocysts. This is in contrast to cats which did not develop tissue cysts when inoculated with S. neurona merozoites originally derived from a horse with EPM. These results indicate present biological differences between the culture-derived merozoites of two Sarcocystis isolates, Sn-UCD 1 and Sn-Mucat 2.  相似文献   

A single dilution enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type 1   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J K Collins  G A Bulla  C A Riegel  A C Butcher 《Veterinary microbiology》1985,10(2):133-147

Three serological assays were compared for detection of antibodies to bovine herpes-virus type 1. These were virus neutralization (VN), enhanced complement fixation (CF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA was developed using an infected cell lysate antigen and purified virus and was optimized in relation to antigen and antisera dilutions. The CF assay was enhanced by the addition of bovine complement. These 3 assays were compared for detection of: specific virus antibody titers; sero-conversions; early antibody response in experimentally-infected cattle. Both ELISA end-point titers and single dilution values were found to be more sensitive than the CF or VN assays for specific antibody level quantitation. With a single dilution ELISA test procedure a correlation was obtained between ELISA values and VN titers. Using the single dilution ELISA test the assay also detected antibodies in experimentally-infected cattle before either the VN or CF assays, and agreed with the VN test in 35/38 seroconversions found by 4-fold or more VN changes between acute and convalescent paired sera from naturally-infected animals. The single dilution ELISA was a rapid and sensitive test for routine antibody detection in bovine sera.  相似文献