Toward estimating the value of stewardship volunteers: A cost-based valuation approach in King County,Washington, USA     

Jean M. Daniels  Alicia S.T. Robbins  Weston R. Brinkley  Kathleen L. Wolf  John M. Chase 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(2):285-289

Urban forestry professionals are increasingly challenged to find cost-effective strategies for resource conservation and management. Many organizations partner with citizen groups to host events that enlist volunteers to perform stewardship tasks like tree planting and trail maintenance. These volunteer programs incur costs to both the managing agency and partners, such as staffing, tools, and transportation. Volunteers contribute uncompensated time and expertise. Little is known about these contributions, yet citizen stewards and host groups represent an important human dimension of urban forest management. Using a survey administered to volunteers and host organizations at restoration events in King County Parks, WA, USA, we developed a cost-based approach to estimate the value of stewardship activities that occurred in the spring field season of 2011. Expenditures included volunteer and event host time and direct cost of traveling to and from events, on-site labor, equipment, and preparation costs. Results suggest that contributions made by volunteers and hosts are significant; the combined costs associated with the 17 sampled events was approximately $35,700. These efforts represent a small subset of the more than 1000 volunteer environmental stewardship activities that take place annually in King County.  相似文献   

Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) in a dog     

AJM Richards  CC Williamson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

  相似文献   

Heat-tolerant versus heat-sensitive Bos taurus cattle: influence of air temperature and breed on the acute phase response to a provocative immune challenge     

J.A. Carroll  N.C. Burdick Sanchez  R. Chaffin  C.C. Chase Jr.  S.W. Coleman  D.E. Spiers 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2013

The difference in the acute phase response of a heat-tolerant and a heat-sensitive Bos taurus breed to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge when housed at different air temperatures (T_a) was studied. Angus (ANG; heat-sensitive; n = 11; 306 ± 26 kg BW) and Romosinuano (RO; heat-tolerant; n = 10; 313 ± 32 kg BW) heifers were transported from the USDA Agricultural Research Service SubTropical Agricultural Research Station in Florida to the Brody Environmental Chambers at the University of Missouri, Columbia. Heifers were housed in stanchions in 4 temperature-controlled environmental chambers. Initially, T_a in the 4 chambers was cycling at thermoneutrality (TN; 18.5°C–23.5°C) for a 1-wk adjustment period, followed by an increase in 2 of the 4 chambers to cycling heat stress (HS; 24°C–38°C) for 2 wk. On day 19, heifers were fitted with jugular catheters and rectal temperature (RT) recording devices. On day 20, heifers were challenged with LPS (0.5 μg/kg BW; 0 h), sickness behavior scores (SBSs) were recorded, and blood samples were collected at 0.5-h intervals from −2 to 8 h and again at 24 h relative to LPS challenge at 0 h. Serum was isolated and stored at −80°C until analyzed for cortisol and cytokine concentrations. A breed by T_a interaction (P < 0.001) was observed for RT such that the post-LPS average RT in RO heifers housed at TN was lower than the RT of all other treatment groups (P < 0.001), whereas ANG heifers housed at HS had greater post-LPS average RT than all other treatment groups (P < 0.001). In response to LPS, HS increased SBS after LPS in RO heifers compared to RO heifers housed at TN (P < 0.001), whereas HS decreased SBS after LPS in ANG heifers compared to ANG heifers housed at TN (P = 0.014). The cortisol response to LPS was greater in TN than in HS heifers (P < 0.01) and was also greater in RO than in ANG heifers (P = 0.03). A breed by T_a interaction (P < 0.01) was observed for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration such that HS increased post-LPS serum concentrations of TNF-α in ANG heifers compared to ANG heifers housed at TN (P = 0.041), whereas HS decreased post-LPS concentrations of TNF-α in RO heifers compared to RO heifers housed at TN (P = 0.008). A tendency (P < 0.06) was observed for a breed by T_a interaction for IL-6 concentrations such that RO heifers had greater post-LPS concentrations of IL-6 than ANG heifers when housed at HS (P = 0.020). A breed by T_a interaction was observed for interferon-γ (IFN-γ; P < 0.01) concentrations such that HS decreased post-LPS concentrations of IFN-γ in ANG heifers compared to ANG heifers housed at TN (P < 0.001), and HS increased post-LPS concentrations of IFN-γ in RO heifers compared to RO heifers housed at TN (P = 0.017). These data indicate differences in the acute phase response between the heat-tolerant RO and heat-sensitive ANG heifers under different T_a which may aid in elucidating differences in productivity, disease resistance, and longevity among cattle breeds.  相似文献   

Comparison of Different Treatments for Oestrous Induction in Seasonally Anovulatory Mares     

G Vizuete  E Diez  J Galisteo  E Agüera  E Aguilera‐Tejero  CC Perez‐Marín 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):463-469

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different treatments for induction and synchronization of oestrus and ovulation in seasonally anovulatory mares. Fifteen mares formed the control group (C), while 26 mares were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Group T1 (n = 11) were treated with oral altrenogest (0.044 mg/kg; Regumate^®) during 11 days. Group T2 (n = 7) was intravaginally treated with 1.38 g of progesterone (CIDR^®) for 11 days. In group T3 (n = 8), mares were also treated with CIDR^®, but only for 8 days. All mares received PGF2α 1 day after finishing the treatment. Sonographic evaluation of follicles, pre‐ovulatory follicle size and ovulation time was recorded. Progesterone and leptin levels were analysed. Results show that pre‐ovulatory follicles were developed after the treatment in 88.5% of mares. However, the pre‐ovulatory follicle growth was dispersal, and sometimes it was detected when treatment was not finished. While in mares treated with intravaginal device, the follicle was soon detected (1.5 ± 1.2 days and 2.3 ± 2.0 days in T2 and T3 groups, respectively), in T1 group, the pre‐ovulatory follicle was detected slightly later (3.9 ± 1.6 days). The interval from the end of treatment to ovulation did not show significant differences between groups (T1 = 13.1 ± 2.5 days; T2 = 11.0 ± 3.6 days; T3 = 13.8 ± 4.3 days). The pregnancy rate was 47.4%, similar to the rate observed in group C (46.7%; p > 0.05). Initial leptin concentrations were significantly higher in mares, which restart their ovarian activity after treatments, suggesting a role in the reproduction mechanisms in mares. It could be concluded that the used treatments may be effective for oestrous induction in mares during the late phase of the seasonally anovulatory period. Furthermore, they cannot synchronize oestrus, and then, it is necessary to know the reproductive status of mares when these treatments are used for oestrous synchronization.  相似文献   

Tick infestation and spotted-fever group Rickettsia in shelter dogs, California, 2009     

Fritz CL  Kriner P  Garcia D  Padgett KA  Espinosa A  Chase R  Hu R  Messenger SL 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(1):4-7

In response to an outbreak of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in Baja California in early 2009, dogs at two shelters in neighbouring Imperial County, California, were evaluated for ectoparasites. Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), a recognized vector for RMSF, were found on 35 (30%) of 116 dogs but all ticks tested negative for Rickettsia rickettsii by PCR.  相似文献   

Spray droplet size and carrier volume effect on dicamba and glufosinate efficacy          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas R Butts  Chase A Samples  Lucas X Franca  Darrin M Dodds  Daniel B Reynolds  Jason W Adams  Richard K Zollinger  Kirk A Howatt  Bradley K Fritz  Wesley Clint Hoffmann  Greg R Kruger 《Pest management science》2018,74(9):2020-2029

  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variation of site-specific management units on natural turfgrass sports fields during dry down     

Chase?M.?StrawEmail author  Gerald?M.?Henry 《Precision Agriculture》2018,19(3):395-420

Site-specific management units (SSMUs) are fundamental for the implementation of Precision Turfgrass Management. Short-term spatiotemporal variations of soil compaction and turfgrass vigor may be dynamic during a dry down period on natural turfgrass sports fields. This is due to the inverse relationship between soil compaction and soil moisture/drought stress, which may impact SSMU delineation and identification of site-specific deficient areas within a field. The spatiotemporal change of soil moisture, soil compaction, and turfgrass vigor SSMUs [as measured by volumetric water content (VWC), penetration resistance, and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)] were evaluated three times during a dry down from rainfall on native soil and sand capped natural turfgrass sports fields. The relationship of penetration resistance and NDVI with VWC was strongest and only significant on the native soil field during the dry down period. In general, as the fields dried, the magnitude of VWC SSMUs and NDVI SSMUs decreased, while the magnitude of penetration resistance SSMUs increased. This phenomenon was more drastic on the native soil field. Significant changes in spatial distributions were observed for VWC SSMUs and penetration resistance SSMUs on the native soil field; however, minimal changes were reported on the sand capped field. The spatial distributions of NDVI SSMUs were minimal on both fields. It is concluded that short-term spatiotemporal variations of SSMUs on sports fields during a dry down can be significant and considerations should be made prior to sampling based on the objective.  相似文献   

野性斯派塞     

CC 《百姓》2011,(10)

苍绿的草原一望无际,起伏的山丘上搭着一道道浓绿的葡萄架,远处成群的牛羊悠闲地吃着草,星星点点的白色房屋,好似一幅静美的天然油画,而澳大利亚五星级牧场斯派塞就坐落于这绿色深处。  相似文献   

Adipose tissue concentrations of certain pesticides in steers fed apple waste during different parts of the finishing period     

L L Wilson  D A Kurtz  M C Rugh  L E Chase  J H Ziegler  H Varela-Alvarez  M L Borger 《Journal of animal science》1971,33(6):1356-1360

  相似文献   

Neonatal immune development in the calf and its impact on vaccine response.     

Christopher C L Chase  David J Hurley  Adrian J Reber 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2008,24(1):87-104

In this article we cover the immunologic response as it develops, the components of passive immunity, and the immune response of young calves. We discuss interference from maternal immunity in the development of specific immunity and vaccine strategies for developing protection against pathogens in calves.  相似文献