Maintaining essential veterinary services     

Clark S 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(19):670-671

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Alterations in the bovine bronchoalveolar lavage proteome induced by dexamethasone     

Mitchell GB  Clark ME  Caswell JL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,118(3-4):283-293

Stressors such as transportation, weaning and co-mingling increase susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia in cattle and are associated with elevated levels of endogenous glucocorticoids. To determine the effect of glucocorticoids on the proteins expressed in the fluid lining the respiratory tract, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on cattle treated with dexamethasone or saline and proteins were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Significant changes in expression were observed for 9 of the 363 detected spots, and the identities of these proteins were determined by mass spectrometry. Consistent with the initiation of an acute phase response, the expression of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and alpha-1-antitrypsin was increased and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (fetuin) was decreased in the BAL fluid of dexamethasone-treated cattle. In addition, dexamethasone induced the expression of two hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein and odorant binding protein (OBP), as well as the proteins alpha-enolase, cofilin-1 and immunoglobulin J chain. OBP mRNA expression in bronchial biopsies was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and the 6-fold higher levels of expression observed in dexamethasone- versus saline-treated animals correlated with the changes observed in OBP protein level. These findings demonstrate glucocorticoid-dependent changes in the protein composition of the epithelial lining fluid of the respiratory tract, identifying proteins potentially integral to respiratory disease susceptibility.  相似文献   

The Geography of Opportunity: Race and Housing Choice In Metropolitan America – Edited by Xavier de Souza Briggs     

William A. V. Clark 《Growth and change》2006,37(3):489-491

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Residues of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides and their phenolic metabolites in tissues of sheep and cattle.     

D E Clark  J S Palmer  R D Radeleff  H R Crookshank  F M Farr 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1975,23(3):573-578

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Isolation and characterization of pigments from protein-carbon browning systems. Isolation, purification, and properties     

A V Clark  S R Tannenbaum 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1970,18(5):891-894

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Some thermal consequences of environmental manipulations of water     

Clark Hubbs  Ph.D. 《Biological conservation》1972

Environmental manipulations can alter thermal regimes, upset the delicate adaptations of natural populations, and have adverse effects on the native biota. The resulting problems can be exacerbated by reducing 24-hourly oscillations, increasing potentiality for thermal shock, and causing reproduction to occur at adverse temperatures.  相似文献   

Environmental fate and effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins from transgenic crops: a review     

Clark BW  Phillips TA  Coats JR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(12):4643-4653

This paper reviews the scientific literature addressing the environmental fate and nontarget effects of the Cry protein toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), specifically resulting from their expression in transgenic crops. Published literature on analytical methodologies for the detection and quantification of the Cry proteins in environmental matrices is also reviewed, with discussion of the adequacy of the techniques for determining the persistence and mobility of the Bt proteins. In general, assessment of the nontarget effects of Bt protein toxins indicates that there is a low level of hazard to most groups of nontarget organisms, although some investigations are of limited ecological relevance. Some published reports on the persistence of the proteins in soil show short half-lives, whereas others show low-level residues lasting for many months. Improvements in analytical methods will allow a more complete understanding of the fate and significance of Bt proteins in the environment.  相似文献   

Synthesis, identification, and acute toxicity of alpha-benzylphenethylamine and alpha-benzyl-N-methylphenethylamine. Contaminants in clandestine preparation of amphetamine and methamphetamine     

F T Noggle  C R Clark  T W Davenport  S T Coker 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1985,68(6):1213-1222

Amphetamine samples obtained from clandestine laboratories often contain other by-product amines. The most common of these are the alpha-benzylphenethylamine derivatives. This article reports the independent synthesis of reference samples of these amines, spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for their identification, as well as acute toxicological studies. The utility of the analytical methods is demonstrated by the analysis of several amphetamine samples containing these alpha-benzylphenethylamines.  相似文献   

Adverse effects of simulated harvesting of short-rotation willow and poplar coppice on vertical pressures and rut depths     

C.W. Watts  L.J. Clark  W.C.T. Chamen  A.P. Whitmore 《Soil & Tillage Research》2005,84(2):192-199

Little is known of the effects of mechanized harvesting on ground conditions during the harvesting of short-rotation coppice. An investigation was therefore carried out in which different vehicles were used to simulate the effects of wheeling from heavy and light harvesters and crop removal equipment. The experiments were carried out on sites containing Bowles hybrid willow (Salix viminalis) and poplars (Populas rap) and on clay and sandy loam soils. The effect of different vehicles was assessed in terms of rut damage and direct measurements of soil stress using buried sensors. Maximum stresses measured 0.3 m below tractor wheels ranged from 50 to 200 kPa, but the greatest stresses, 350 kPa, were recorded under laden trailer wheels. Maximum stresses measured beneath crawler tracks were only 25 kPa. Similarly, substantial ruts were caused by vehicles simulating wheeled harvesters, the deepest ruts were caused by laden trailers but crawler tracks created least disturbance. Wheeling was carried out at soil water contents above the plastic limit and the deepest ruts were created on clay rather than sandy loam soil. The effects of the stresses generated in the soil could impede future root growth, and the deeper ruts formed could damage existing root systems of coppice.  相似文献   

Effect of Flavonoids (Vitamin P) on Mortality From Total Body Roentgen Irradiation     

Clark WG  Uncapher RP  Jordan ML 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2814):629-630

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