荒漠区滴灌施氮量对葡萄叶绿素荧光特性及碳代谢的影响     

韩丽娜  马宗桓  王颖  胡紫璟  史星雲  毛娟  陈佰鸿 《华北农学报》2020,35(2):170-177

为了研究蛇龙珠葡萄各生育期施氮量对叶片光合特性和同化产物积累的影响,在滴灌条件下,设定4个尿素施用量:150(N1),300(N2),450(N3),600 kg/hm~2(N4),对照(CK)设置为0 kg/hm~2,分析各生育期(花前5 d DBF5、花后20 d DAF20和花后50 d DAF50)不同氮素营养对葡萄叶片的光合荧光参数及碳代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明:适量增施氮肥提高了叶片叶绿素含量和RuBp羧化酶活性,增强了葡萄树的光合作用,而叶片中PSⅡ有效光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)的提高及非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)的降低使叶片叶绿素荧光增强,且N2下的Fv′/Fm′、ΦPSⅡ、qP在DAF20和DAF50时比同期CK分别显著升高了16.10%,17.80%;21.49%,21.13%及11.77%,19.73%;适量增施氮肥提高了蔗糖代谢相关酶的活性和可溶性糖含量,减少了淀粉含量,且在整个生育期,SPS、SS以及蔗糖在N3下有最高值,葡萄糖和果糖在N2下有最高值,而在DBF5、DAF20和DAF50时NI和AI分别在N2、N2和N1处理下有最高值。同CK相比,N2处理显著增加了可溶性糖、单宁、花青素的含量和可滴定酸含量,提高了坐果率和糖酸比,产量达14.50 t/hm~2。综上,在300～450 kg/hm~2的尿素施用范围内明显增强了叶片光合作用,促进可溶性糖的合成,从而为葡萄果实的生长发育供应足够的营养。  相似文献   

米槠人工林土壤微生物群落组成对凋落物输入的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢胜旭  许恩兰  吴东梅  陆宇明  郭剑芬  杨玉盛 《森林与环境学报》2020,(1):16-23

全球气候变化显著影响森林凋落物数量,进而会对土壤微生物群落造成影响。本研究以亚热带米槠人工林为研究对象,探究不同凋落物量输入处理(凋落物去除、凋落物加倍、对照)下,森林土壤微生物群落组成的变化。结果表明:与去除凋落物相比,凋落物加倍后0~10 cm土壤铵态氮(NH4^+-N)、硝态氮(NO3^--N)、全氮(TN)、有效磷(AP)含量分别显著增加了30.30%、49.66%、12.77%和13.90%。与对照相比,凋落物加倍与去除处理土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和氮(MBN)含量分别显著增加和下降(P<0.05),但凋落物加倍与去除处理间无显著差异。凋落物加倍处理下土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)、革兰氏阳性菌[G(+)]、革兰氏阴性菌[G(-)]、放线菌(ACT)、真菌(F)丰度和总磷脂脂肪酸(TPLFA)含量分别比去除凋落物处理的土壤高68.35%、63.35%、82.65%、69.02%、40.56%和65.85%,而土壤革兰氏阳性菌与阴性菌比值、真菌与细菌比值则分别降低11.64%和26.67%。冗余度分析表明,铵态氮是影响该人工林土壤微生物群落组成的最主要环境因子。可见凋落物输入量变化改变了土壤养分有效性,进而显著影响了土壤微生物群落组成,这对进一步深入探究全球气候变化对亚热带森林土壤养分循环的影响具有重要意义。  相似文献   

翻心型大白菜新品种连狮1 号的选育     

李威亚  陈微  惠林冲  杨海峰  何林玉  缪美华  陈振泰  潘美红 《中国蔬菜》2019,1(4):88-90

连狮1 号是以连云港地区菜农提供的中狮头自留种为原始种，经4 代自交提纯选育成的大白菜新品种。株型紧凑， 整齐度较好，叶球为长筒翻心形，叶片呈长倒卵形，叶表面具有较深核桃纹并带稀疏茸毛。株高35 cm，外叶数约10 片， 叶球高28～32 cm、横径22～27 cm，单个叶球质量3.5～4.0 kg，每667 m² 叶球产量4 700 kg 左右，净菜率达83%。生育期 为90～95 d（天），田间抗病毒病、霜霉病、根肿病能力优于对照中狮头，适合在江苏、安徽、山东等地及其相近气候条件 地区秋季种植。  相似文献   

不同氮肥水平下蚯蚓粪施用对水稻生长特性及产量的影响     

赵春容  单双吕  王玉梅  罗凯  周雪峰  黄敏  张恒栋  范龙  曹放波  陈佳娜  方升亮  邹应斌 《中国稻米》2017,(4):67-70

以两优培九为材料,采用大田微区试验,研究不同氮肥水平(N1,9 g/m~2;N2,12 g/m~2;N3,15 g/m~2)下不同蚯蚓粪施用量(EC0,0;EC_1,16.88 kg/m~2;EC_2,33.76 kg/m~2)对水稻生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明,移栽40 d后EC_2和EC_1处理的茎蘖数均显著高于EC0(P0.05);幼穗分化期和乳熟期EC0处理的SPAD值均显著低于EC_1和EC_2处理(P0.05);齐穗期EC0处理的叶面积指数分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低32.7%和80.7%,地上部总干物质量分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低30.6%和59.8%;成熟期有效穗数、地上部干物质量和水稻产量均表现为EC_2EC_1EC0,EC_2和EC_1处理的有效穗数分别比EC0处理多41.5%和21.3%、地上部干物质量分别比EC0处理高47.7%和25.8%、产量分别比EC0处理高35.4%和34.3%。由此可见,施用蚯蚓粪便可促进水稻分蘖,提高水稻叶面积、SPAD值和地上部干物质量,进而提高水稻籽粒产量。  相似文献   

2种低毒杀虫剂防治水稻粘虫示范试验     

黄芊  蒋显斌  凌炎  蒋婷  陈玉冲  符诚强  吴碧球  黄所生  李成  黄凤宽  龙丽萍 《大麦与谷类科学》2017,34(1)

为合理使用低毒农药防治水稻粘虫,2015年7月在广西乐业县同乐镇和甘田镇进行25%灭幼脲悬浮剂和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂防治粘虫大田示范试验。结果表明:施药后17 d,核心区25%灭幼脲对粘虫的防治效果和保叶率分别为96.19%和94.73%,在培训指导农民防治示范区的防效分别为93.50%和95.10%;施药后10 d,核心区2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对粘虫的防治效果和保叶率分别为96.61%和97.35%,在培训指导农民防治示范区的防效分别为90.07%和89.59%。25%灭幼脲和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐处理区对粘虫的防效均要高于农民自防区。  相似文献   

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize          下载免费PDF全文

LU Zhi-xiang  TU Guang-ping  ZHANG Ting  LI Ya-qian  WANG Xin-hua  Zhang Quan-guo  SONG Wei  CHEN Jie 《农业科学学报》2020,19(1):145-152

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.  相似文献   

东北三省大豆种质品质性状鉴评与综合分析     

孙星邈  邱红梅  马晓萍  王洋  高淑芹  侯云龙  陈健  王跃强 《大豆科学》2017,36(6)

根据目标性状有的放矢的选配杂交亲本是提高优异品质组成品种的选择效率的基本前提。本研究对东北三省102份大豆种质资源的蛋白、氨基酸组分、油份及脂肪酸组分进行测定,通过遗传多样性、主成分和聚类分析,对其进行表型鉴定及基因型分类以综合评价种质品质特性。结果表明:东北三省大豆种质油份及脂肪酸组分变异较丰富,遗传多样性程度较高。根据主成分分析筛选到9个主成分进行聚类分析,通过聚类分析将供试种质资源分为5类。第I类群蛋白含量较高、油份含量偏低,第II类群蛋白、油份含量均居中,第III类群油份含量较高、蛋白含量偏低,第IV类群高油,第V类群高蛋白,类群间的氨基酸、脂肪酸组分各有差异。需根据育种目标在群体间选配亲本,以提高品质育种的效率。  相似文献   

基于GIS与RS的北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏凯  孙小婷  王茵然  陈龙  岳德鹏 《农业机械学报》2020,51(9):226-236

研究北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变特征,对加强屏障带建设、改善生态环境具有重要意义。以北方防沙屏障带为研究区,根据2005、2010、2015年MODIS遥感影像,将北方防沙屏障带生态系统类型划分为森林、草地、湿地、农田、城镇、荒漠和裸地7类。采用空间统计、转移矩阵、景观指数分析法、PNTIL模型等方法,对北方防沙屏障带2005—2015年生态系统类型时空演变特征进行分析。结果表明,2005—2015年北方防沙屏障带生态系统整体呈稳定状态;从分屏障带看,内蒙古防沙屏障带荒漠面积明显减少,塔里木防沙屏障带森林面积迅速增加,而河西走廊防沙屏障带草地面积明显增加;从正/逆转换方向来看,屏障带内农田、城镇、荒漠及裸地生态系统正向转换率高于逆向转换率。10年间,在景观水平上,北方防沙屏障带斑块数量、斑块密度呈减少趋势;在类型水平上荒漠景观整体呈现破碎化萎缩的趋势特征,森林、草地向形状简单化的方向发展。研究表明,2005—2015年,北方防沙屏障带生态总体向好,治沙效果明显,但局部仍面临较大压力。  相似文献   

Effect of Kechuanning on airway remodeling and protein level of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues of asthmatic rats induced by virus     

CHEN Xing-yu  LUO Yin-he  WANG Meng-qing  CHEN Ying-ying  LI Yan  HUANG Kai-ling  SUN Le  DING Yi  SUN Xuan-long 《园艺学报》2019,35(7):1268-1275

AIM:To investigate the effect of Kechuanning on airway remodeling and the protein level of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues of asthmatic rats induced by virus. METHODS:The asthmatic rat model induced by respiratory syncytial virus was established. The experimental rats were divided into normal group, asthma model group, low dose (0.33 mL/kg), middle dose (3.0 mL/kg) and high dose (10 mL/kg) of Kechuanning groups, and PD98059 (3 mg/kg) group. The airway responsiveness of the rats was measured by animal ventilator. The pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed by HE staining. PAS staining and Masson staining were used to observe goblet epithelial cells metaplasia and airway collagen deposition. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues of the rats was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the airway responsiveness of the rats in middle dose and high dose of Kechuanning groups was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the injury of lung tissues was significantly decreased, the goblet epithelial cells metaplasia and airway collagen deposition were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues was also significantly decreased (P<0.01). In addition, the protein level of p-ERK1/2 in high dose of Kechuanning group was significantly decreased compared with model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Kechuanning may treat asthma by regulating the expression of p-ERK1/2 in the lung tissues and improving the airway remodeling symptoms of asthmatic rats induced by virus.  相似文献   

高效氯氟氰菊酯对东亚小花蝽捕食功能反应的影响          下载免费PDF全文

邓士群  张雯林  肖建飞  陈娟  高丽瞳  高云雷  邴玉成  韩岚岚  赵奎军 《中国生物防治学报》2020,36(1):40-45

为了研究高效氯氟氰菊酯对东亚小花蝽雌成虫捕食功能反应的影响，比较分析了LC₂₅、LC₅₀、LC₇₅高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫3日龄东亚小花蝽雌成虫后，对大豆蚜捕食量、寻找效应、猎物密度效应、种内分摊竞争效应和功能反应等的影响。研究表明，对照组与LC₂₅、LC₅₀高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫受猎物密度效应影响明显，而LC₇₅高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫受猎物密度效应影响不明显；在药剂浓度为0 mg/L和140 mg/L时，捕食量达到的最大值和最小值分别为12.33和0.83头，寻找效应达到的最大值和最小值分别为0.96和0.10；受不同浓度药剂胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫对大豆蚜的捕食能力和寻找效应均随着药剂浓度的增加而下降；捕食量随大豆蚜虫口密度增加而增多，种内竞争分摊强度随小花蝽数量增加而增强，平均捕食量降低；在LC₅₀高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫下，东亚小花蝽成虫捕食作用率方程为E=0.1255P^-0.2956，分摊竞争强度方程为I=0.5401logP^-0.0033。  相似文献