Attempts to Modify Reperfusion Injury of Equine Jejunal Mucosa Using Dimethylsulfoxide, Allopurinol, and Intraluminal Oxygen   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

MARGARET M. HORNE dvm  dvsc    PETER J. PASCOE bvsc  dva  Diplomate acva    NORMAND G. DUCHARME dvm  MSc  Diplomate acvs    IAN K. BARKER dvm  msc  PhD  W. LARRY GROVUM bsa  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(4):241-249

This study compared the severity of ischemic injury to the equine jejunal mucosa caused by arteriovenous obstruction (AVO) or venous obstruction (VO) with that caused by reperfusion after ischemia. The degree of mucosal damage and regeneration was scored according to a modified version of an established light microscopic classification for ischemic injury. Biopsy specimens taken after 3 and 4 hours of obstruction, and after 3 hours of obstruction and 1 hour of reperfusion, were compared. There were no changes in the severity of mucosal injury (characterized by epithelial sloughing, loss of villus architecture, and necrosis of crypt cells) at 4 hours of ischemia when compared with 3 hours of ischemia. The mucosal injury score increased by one grade in three of six and five of eight segments during reperfusion for the VO and AVO models, respectively; however, only the scores for the AVO model were significantly different from the injury caused by ischemia alone. Modification of reperfusion injury was attempted by the administration of intravenous (IV) allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or intraluminal oxygen insufflation at the time of release of the AVO and VO. Treatments did not significantly alter either the severity of injury noted after 1 hour of reperfusion or the degree of mucosal regeneration after 48 hours of reperfusion. In this group of ponies, the severity of mucosal damage was greater after 1 hour of reperfusion for both AVO and VO.  相似文献   

Arthroscopic Approach and Intra-Articular Anatomy of the Plantar Pouch of the Equine Tarsocrural Joint     

DAVID T. ZAMOS vmd    CLIFFORD M. HONNAS dvm  Diplomate acvs  ANTON G. HOFFMAN dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(3):161-166

Arthroscopic examination of structures within the plantar pouch of the tarsocrural joint was accomplished via portals in both the plantaromedial and plantarolateral aspects of the joint. Flexion and extension of the tarsus while examining the joint through either portal allowed observation of the proximal and plantar aspects of the lateral and medial trochlear ridges, the trochlear groove, the caudal aspect of the distal tibia, and the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in its sheath. From a plantarolateral portal, the plantar talocalcaneal ligament and the plantar aspect of the lateral malleolus could be observed. The caudal aspect of the medial malleolus could not be observed with flexion or extension of the joint from a plantaromedial portal, but in some horses, the caudal aspect of the lateral malleolus could be observed. The dorsolateral and dorsomedial aspects of the plantar pouch were best examined from a portal on the ipsilateral side of the joint. An instrument portal opposite either arthroscope portal allowed access to most regions of the joint except the abaxial surface of the trochlear ridge opposite the instrument.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Canine-Derived Fibrin Sealant as a Hemostatic Agent   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LYNN G. WHEATON DVM  Diplomate acvs    RANDY M. GREENSHIELDS dvm    KENNETH MEYERS PhD    K. JANE WARDROP dvm  MS  MICHAEL MOORE DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(5):358-364

The purpose of this study was to determine whether canine-derived fibrinogen concentrate applied with bovine thrombin was a safe and effective topical hemostatic agent. A canine liver biopsy model was selected to test this product. Cryoprecipitate was prepared from frozen canine plasma using two freeze/thaw/centrifugation cycles. Six healthy adult dogs (weighing more than 18 kg) were used in the fibrin sealant study, and an additional three dogs were used as controls for the liver biopsy. A 1 × 3 cm liver biopsy specimen was obtained, digital pressure was applied to reduce bleeding, and the fibrinogen concentrate was immediately sprayed on the bleeding surface simultaneously with bovine thrombin (1,000 IU/mL). The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) blood pressure at time of biopsy was 98 ± 9 mm Hg, and the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 8.0 ± 1.1 mL/min. The total blood loss during fibrin sealant application was 37 ± 9 mL and total time for hemostasis was 5.5± 1.3 minutes. There was no additional hemorrhage after application of the fibrin sealant. In the three control dogs, fibrin sealant was not applied and only digital compression was used to decrease hemorrhage. Before digital compression, the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 13.1 ±3.1 mL/min. Bleeding had not stopped after 10 minutes of compression and the mean postcompression rate of hemorrhage was 4.0 ± 2.6 mL/min. Signs of secondary bleeding after fibrin sealant was applied were not evident during the immediate postoperative period or over the next 14 days. The coagulation profile, alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and bile acids were not significantly different on day 14 from preoperative values, suggesting that the liver was only mildly affected. The dogs were euthanatized and gross and histological examinations of the biopsy site were performed on day 14. There were minimal or no adhesions at the biopsy site. In all dogs, the hepatic capsule was less than 1 mm thick and histological signs of secondary bleeding, hepatocellular damage, thrombosis, infection, or inflammation were not observed. In this study, canine-derived fibrin sealant was a safe and effective topical hemostatic agent.  相似文献   

The 1882 tilefish kill — a cold event in shelf waters off the north-eastern United States?     

ROBERT MARSH  BRIAN PETRIE  CHRISTOPHER R. WEIDMAN  ROBERT R. DICKSON  JOHN W. LODER  CHARLES G. HANNAH  KENNETH FRANK  & KEN DRINKWATER 《Fisheries Oceanography》1999,8(1):39-49

A mass mortality of `warm-water' tilefish in the Middle Atlantic Bight between April and August of 1882 suggests an episode of extreme cold in the shelf waters off the north-eastern United States. This cooling is hypothesized to be a consequence of enhanced equatorwards transport of cold water in the Labrador Current, coincident with a minimum in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during the early 1880s.
Although there is little direct evidence for this historical event, an analogue for the 1880s cooling is found in the 1960s, at the most recent NAO-index minimum. Post-1945 observations in the Middle Atlantic Bight / Gulf of Maine region reveal changes in winter baroclinic circulation between cool and warm decades, with greater equatorward penetration of south-westwards flow along the shelf-edge during the cool 1960s. Over the period 1934–77, the NAO is found to account for 17% of the interannual variance in Labrador Current transport around the Grand Banks.
Proxy evidence for the cold episode of the early 1880s is sought. Records of bottom temperature in the Middle Atlantic Bight region are reconstructed using stable oxygen isotopic analysis on the annual bands of shells of a bivalve mollusc ( Arctica islandica ) and an empirical model of covariability with local air temperature. The result is confirmation of the presence of anomalously cold water during the early 1880s.  相似文献   

STATISTICAL BRIEFING: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS     

CHRISTOPHER R. LAMB  DIRK U. PFEIFFER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(1):109-110

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Public Education Financing Trends and the Gray Peril Hypothesis     

DAYTON M. LAMBERT  CHRISTOPHER D. CLARK  MICHAEL D. WILCOX  WILLIAM M. PARK 《Growth and change》2009,40(4):619-648

The effects of migrating seniors on the provision of local public services in rural communities is growing in importance because of the large number of retiring baby boomers and the increasing rate at which these retirees are locating outside traditional retirement destinations. Some communities are optimistic about attracting and retaining retirees as an economic development strategy, but others are concerned that inmigrating seniors may be reluctant to support local public services, such as education, bringing with them “Gray Peril.” This article attempts to clarify questions regarding the Gray Peril hypothesis and local ability and willingness to fund education in Tennessee, an increasingly popular retirement destination. To this end, county per pupil education expenditure growth is explained by growth trends in local property tax assessment and sales tax revenue, and migration patterns of the retirement‐aged population from 1962 to 2002.  相似文献   

Growth and production of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) in nursery habitats of the Gulf of Alaska     

CHRISTOPHER N. ROOPER  JENNIFER L. BOLDT  SONIA BATTEN  CHRISTOPHER GBURSKI 《Fisheries Oceanography》2012,21(6):415-429

Nursery areas for juvenile fishes are often important for determining recruitment in marine populations by providing habitats that can maximize growth and thereby minimize mortality. Pacific ocean perch (POP, Sebastes alutus) have an extended juvenile period where they inhabit rocky nursery habitats. We examined POP nursery areas to link growth potential to recruitment. Juvenile POP were captured from nursery areas in 2004 and 2008, and estimated growth rates ranged from ?0.19 to 0.60 g day^?1 based on differences in size between June and August. Predicted growth rates from a bioenergetics model ranged from 0.05 to 0.49 g day^?1 and were not significantly different than observed. Substrate preferences and the distribution of their preferred habitats were utilized to predict the extent of juvenile POP nursery habitat in the Gulf of Alaska. Based on densities of fish observed on underwater video transects and the spatial extent of nursery areas, we predicted 278 and 290 million juvenile POP were produced in 2004 and 2008. Growth potential for juvenile POP was reconstructed using the bioenergetics model, spring zooplankton bloom timing and duration and bottom water temperature for 1982–2008. When a single outlying recruitment year in 1986 was removed, growth potential experienced by juvenile POP in nursery areas was significantly correlated to the recruitment time‐series from the stock assessment, explaining ～30% of the variability. This research highlights the potential to predict recruitment using habitat‐based methods and provides a potential mechanism for explaining some of the POP recruitment variability observed for this population.  相似文献   

Clinical Evaluation of Canine Acetabular Fractures Stabilized with an Acetabular Plate     

L. W. ANSON dvm    D. J. DeYOUNG dvm  Diplomateacvs    D. C. RICHARDSON dvm  Diplomateacvs  C. W. BETTS dvm  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(4):220-225

A retrospective study of 14 dogs with one or more acetabular fractures stabilized with an acetabular plate was conducted. Twelve of the 14 dogs had additional orthopedic injuries. Follow-up was longer than 6 months. Eleven dogs were evaluated by assessment of radiographs, lameness, mid-thigh circumference, coxofemoral joint range of motion, crepitus, and pain. Varying degrees of osteoarthrosis were noted radiographically at follow-up. Ten of 12 dogs examined had occasional or no clinical lameness. In 10 of 12 dogs, mid-thigh circumference was less on the limb that sustained the acetabular fracture. Nonunion was diagnosed in one plated acetabulum in which two screws had broken. A return to normal or nearly normal function was observed when there were no more than two orthopedic injuries.  相似文献   

Magnetic Motor Evoked Potentials for Assessing Spinal Cord Integrity in Dogs with Intervertebral Disc Disease     

ANNE M. SYLVESTRE dvm  dvsc  JOANNE R. COCKSHUTT dvm  dipiomate acvs  JOANE M. PARENT dvm  mvsc  dipiomate acvim  JOHN D. BROOKE phd  DAVID L. HOLMBERG dvm  mvsc  dipiomate acvs  GARY D. PARTLOW phd 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):5-10

Magnetically elicited transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were studied in 37 dogs with type 1 intervertebral disc (IVD) disease. The waveforms were recorded from both cranial tibial muscles before and after surgery. The latencies and amplitudes obtained were compared to those of a control population (n = 14). MEPs were recordable in all dogs with mild or no neurologic deficits, but they were recordable in only 50% of ambulatory dogs that were severely ataxic. MEPs could not be elicited from nonambulatory dogs. There was a significant attenuation of the amplitudes in all clinical cases, even if the dogs demonstrated back pain alone. Significantly prolonged latencies were associated with neurologic deficits. MEPs were not good predictors of neurologic recovery. The responses obtained from the side where the disc material was found were not different from those recorded from the opposite side. MEPs were very sensitive to lesions of the spinal cord, as indicated by the significant changes in the waves in patients with mild or no neurologic deficits and in the loss of response in dogs that still demonstrated purposeful movement. Neurologic exams provided more accurate diagnoses and prognoses than did MEPs in dogs with IVD disease.  相似文献   

Arteriovenous Fistulas as an Aid in Blood Collection from Canine Blood Donors     

LYNN G. WHEATON dvm  diplomateacvs WILLIE M. REED dvm  phd  diplomateacvp 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(1):7-14

To facilitate blood collection from blood donor dogs, arteriovenous fistulas were established between the common carotid arteries and external jugular veins in five adult dogs. Twelve to 16 mm, side-to-side anastomoses were created using simple interrupted 6–0 polypropylene sutures. Starting 1 month after the surgical procedure, 500 ml of blood was collected from each dog as required. Electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and cardiac output and rate were used to monitor cardiac changes. Blood flow characteristics, and proliferative and dystrophic cellular changes occurring in the vessels were documented in one dog.
The mean blood collection times were 2 minutes and 45 seconds from the fistula site and 9.0 minutes from the opposite jugular vein. Ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial changes were observed on electrocardiogram in two dogs, and radiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension was noted in three dogs. Reversed blood flow was documented in the common carotid artery and external jugular vein distal to the arteriovenous fistula. Four dogs were still in use as blood donors 1 to 1 1/2 years after establishment of the fistulas. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were not observed.  相似文献