Relationship of Femoral Intramedullary Pins to the Sciatic Nerve and Gluteal Muscles after Retrograde and Normograde Insertion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ROSS H. PALMER dvm  DENNIS N. ARON dvm  Diplomateacvs PAUL T. PURINTON dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(2):65-70

An anatomic analysis of retrograde and normograde intramedullary (IM) pinning of proximal, midshaft, and distal femoral fractures was performed in 28 canine cadavers. For all fracture locations, normograde pins were significantly more cranial in the middle gluteal muscle than retrograde pins (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between pinning techniques in craniocaudal position of the IM pin in the superficial gluteal muscle. In distal fractures, normograde pins were placed significantly more lateral than retrograde pins in the superficial gluteal muscle (p less than 0.01). One of 15 normograde pins and 9 of 13 retrograde pins were located in the medial half of the trochanteric fossa. Normograde pins were significantly more lateral in the trochanteric fossa than were retrograde pins in midshaft fractures (p less than 0.01). Normograde pins were significantly (p less than 0.01) farther from the sciatic nerve than retrograde pins when the hip was positioned at coxofemoral flexion angles of 85 degrees in midshaft and 110 degrees in distal fractures. Seven of 13 retrograde pins, but none of 15 normograde pins, contacted the sciatic nerve. Normograde pinning of the femur may be less likely to induce sciatic nerve injury, particularly in midshaft and distal fractures.  相似文献   

Chlorhexidine Diacetate and Povidone-iodine Cytotoxicity to Canine Embryonic Fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus     

ISIS R. SANCHEZ dvm  ms    KENNETH E. NUSBAUM dvm  PhD    STEVEN F. SWAIM dvm  ms    ANNE S. HALE dvm    RALPH A. HENDERSON dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs  JOHN A. McGUIRE PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(4):182-185

Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were evaluated for fibroblast toxicity on a primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts, and for bactericidal efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. The cultured fibroblasts or S. aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to incremental dilutions of 0.5 and 0.0005% chlorhexidine diacetate, 5.0 to 0.05% povidone-iodine, or physiologic buffered saline as a control. To determine survival, fibroblasts were trypsinized and counted; S. aureus colonies were counted on brain-heart infusion agar. Survival for both groups was expressed by calculating the number of living cells in test dilutions as a percentage of the number in control cultures. Fibroblast survival occurred at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.013% and at povidone-iodine concentrations less than 0.5% (p less than 0.05). Significant S. aureus survival (p less than 0.05) was noted at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.05% and povidone-iodine concentrations less than 1.0%. These data showed that all bactericidal concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were lethal to canine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, whereas non-lethal concentrations allowed significant bacterial survival.  相似文献   

Crosspin Fixation of Fractures of the Proximal Tibia in Three Foals     

J. P. WATKINS dvm  MS  J. A. AUER DrMedVet  MS  DiplomateACVS  T. S. TAYLOR dvm  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(2):153-159

Three foals, each less than 1 month of age, were presented with Salter Type II fractures of the proximal tibial physis. Reduction of the fractures was accomplished manually and maintained by crosspin fixation. Fracture healing in two of the foals was uncomplicated. The third foal developed an infection around the implants, which responded to periodic local antiseptic flushing and administration of penicillin and gentamicin. Follow-up information ranging from 11 to 22 months after surgery revealed satisfactory results in two of three foals; premature closure of the proximal tibial physis was found in the other foal, resulting in the development of an angular limb deformity.  相似文献   

Total Ear Canal Ablation Combined with Lateral Bulla Osteotomy for End-Stage Otitis in Dogs Results in Thirty Dogs     

L. KAY MASON dvm    COLIN E. HARVEY frcvs  Diplomateacvs  ROBERT J. ORSHER vmd  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):263-268

Thirty dogs with end-stage otitis were treated by either unilateral or bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Otitis was considered end stage when the horizontal ear canal was collapsed, stenotic, or occluded in conjunction with chronic infection of the external and middle ear. The dogs were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 4 to 63 months. The frequency of scratching, head shaking, aural drainage, and para-aural fistulation was significantly decreased. Abnormal ear carriage and head tilt were not changed. The results in 23 dogs were graded as excellent or improved. One dog died of intraoperative hemorrhage. Complications during the period from suture removal to follow-up included para-aural fistulation (3 dogs), facial nerve paralysis (5 dogs), and head tilt (3 dogs).  相似文献   

Partial Arytenoidectomy in the Horse with and without Mucosal Closure     

ERIC P. TULLENERS dvm  Diplomateacvs    IAN W. HARRISON bvsc  mvs    PETER MANN dvm  Diplomateacvp  CHARLES W. RAKER vmd  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):252-257

Left-sided partial arytenoidectomy was performed in eight horses to evaluate healing. Four horses underwent conventional partial arytenoidectomy with suture apposition of the mucosa. In four horses, most of the arytenoid cartilage, including overlying mucosa, vocal fold, and laryngeal saccule, were excised en bloc without mucosal closure. The horses were monitored clinically by endoscopic examination. One horse from each group was euthanatized at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 16. Complete necropsies with gross and histologic examination of the arytenoidectomy sites were performed. Postoperative complications such as coughing, dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia were not encountered and problems with wound healing were minimal in both groups. The defect created by partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure initially filled to the level of the luminal surface with granulation tissue, with a gradual transition to mature fibrous connective tissue. Grossly, the defect appeared to be healed and was completely epithelialized by week 16 without apparent narrowing of the laryngeal lumen. Partial arytenoidectomy sites with mucosal closure healed in a similar pattern by week 8. Partial dehiscence of the dorsal portion of the sutured mucosa occurred in three horses.  相似文献   

Urethral Extension for Correction of Urovagina in Cattle A Review of 14 Cases     

GUY ST. JEAN dvm  ms    BRUCE L. HULL dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs    JAMES T. ROBERTSON dvm  Diplomateacvs    GLEN F. HOFFSIS dvm  ms  Diplomateacvim  GEORGE K. HAIBEL dvm  Diplomateact 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):258-262

Urethral extension was performed in 14 cows with clinical urovagina and infertility. Urovagina was corrected in nine cows (64%) and was reduced in the others. Formation of fistulas at the cranial end of the extension site was the most frequent complication (4 cows). In one cow, the urethral extension was not extended far enough caudally. Eleven cows (79%) returned to fertility after surgery. Severity of urine pooling, cranial displacement of the urethral orifice, and severe preoperative vaginitis may explain the failure of the urethral extension in some cows.  相似文献   

Surgical Wound Infection Rates in Dogs and Cats Data from a Teaching Hospital   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PHILIP B. VASSEUR dvm  Diplomate acvs  JULIE LEVY bs  ELISA DOWD dvm  JEFFREY ELIOT bs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(2):60-64

Two thousand sixty-three surgical procedures were performed on 1992 patients (1715 dogs and 277 cats). In a retrospective analysis, the procedures were categorized according to the expected degree of wound contamination, and corresponding wound infection rates were determined. The number of procedures in each category and the percent that became infected were as follows: clean (1100, 2.5%), clean-contaminated (554, 4.5%), contaminated (172, 5.8%), and dirty (237, 18.1%). The administration of antibiotics significantly reduced the frequency of wound infection in clean surgical procedures performed by senior veterinary students (p less than 0.05), but not in clean elective procedures performed by faculty or resident surgeons that required 90 minutes or less to complete. There was a significant correlation between elevation of rectal temperature postoperatively and increased duration of the surgical procedure. However, the rectal temperature measured the day after surgery was not an accurate predictor of wound infection.  相似文献   

Osseous Sequestration in the Horse A Review of 68 Cases     

M. F. CLEM dvm  ms  R. M. DEBOWES dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs  J. V. YOVICH bvms  ms  Diplomateacvs  J. P. DOUGLASS dvm  ms  Diplomateacvr S. M. BENNETT dvm   《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(1):2-5

Sixty-eight cases of cortical bone sequestration in 67 equine patients were reviewed with regard to the clinical presentation, method of treatment, and outcome. All lesions were located in skeletal areas with minimal soft tissue coverage, with 53% of them in the metatarsal and metacarpal bones. At the time of admission, 60% of the patients with limb lesions were lame; the majority improved with therapy. After sequestrectomy, there was a trend for surgical wounds which could be managed by primary closure to heal more rapidly (3.8 weeks) than wounds which required second intention healing (6.4 weeks). The appearance of healed wounds, as evaluated by owners, was acceptable in 45 cases. Dissatisfaction with the appearance of the healed wounds in 22 cases suggested a need to address the issue of cosmetic results.  相似文献   

Postoperative Examination of the Biceps Femoris Muscle Sling Used in Excision of the Femoral Head and Neck in Dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DANIEL D. LEWIS dvm    JAMIE R. BELLAH dvm  Diplomateacvs    M. DONALD McGAVIN mvsc  PhD  Diplomateacvp  JACK M. GASKIN dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):269-277

Twenty-four dogs underwent unilateral excision of the femoral head and neck. An adjunctive biceps femoris muscle sling procedure was done in 16 dogs. In eight dogs (controls), the flap was dissected and returned to its original position. Four dogs with muscle slings were euthanatized on days 2, 5, 30, and 60, respectively. Four control dogs were euthanatized on day 2 and four dogs on day 5. Limb function did not differ consistently between dogs with muscle slings and control dogs. There was marked swelling and edema of the affected limb in half the dogs with muscle slings but not in the controls. Postoperative temperature elevations were significantly higher in dogs with muscle slings on days 1 and 2 (p less than 0.05). Infection was documented in four dogs with muscle slings. Flaps from control dogs had only minor gross and histologic abnormalities. On days 2 and 5, flaps from dogs with muscle slings appeared congested and swollen beneath and distal to the ostectomy site, with infarction involving 50 to 90% of the muscle mass. On days 30 and 60, the muscle slings were atrophic and fibrous, and by day 60 a synovial membrane covered the surfaces of all slings within the pseudarthrosis. Muscle fiber loss was attributed to infarction, necrosis, and disuse atrophy.  相似文献   

Accuracy of Arthroscopic Identification of Equine Carpal Lesions     

MARK B. HURTIG DVM    PETER B. FRETZ VMD  DiplomateACVS    CECIL E. DOIGE dvm  PhD JONATHAN NAYLOR BVSc  PhD  DiplomateACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(2):93-98

The equine carpal joint was used to evaluate arthroscopic diagnosis of lesions created in joints obtained from horses euthanized for reasons other than lameness. Full-thickness articular defects were made in 13 sites within the antebrachiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint approximating those found in diseased carpal joints. Arthroscopic evaluation of the lesions included location, depth, and size of the defects. The joints were subsequently examined grossly. Results showed that, when compared to gross evaluation, arthroscopy is capable of accurately identifying subtle changes in articular cartilage and bone. A statistically significant increase in error rate was found for lesions at the medial aspect of the proximal radial carpal bone. Other sites with limited arthroscopic access were the proximal ulnar carpal bone, the proximal fourth carpal bone, and the distal intermediate carpal bone. The accuracy of arthroscopic identification of lesions improved significantly during the study as experience with the technique was gained.  相似文献