Fluxes of CO₂ above a plantation of Eucalyptus in southeast Brazil     

Osvaldo M.R. Cabral  John H.C. Gash  Humberto R. RochaClaire Marsden  Marcos A.V. LigoHelber C. Freitas  Jonatan D. TatschEduardo Gomes 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(1):49-59

Eddy-covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ (NEE) and estimates of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (R_E) were obtained in a 2-4 year old Eucalyptus plantation during two years with very different winter rainfall. In the first (drier) year the annual NEE, GEP and R_E were lower than the sums in the second (normal) year, and conversely the total respiratory costs of assimilated carbon were higher in the dry year than in the normal year.Although the net primary production (NPP) in the first year was 23% lower than that of the second year, the decrease in the carbon use efficiency (CUE = NPP/GEP) was 11% and autotrophic respiration utilized more resources in the first, dry year than in the second, normal year. The time variations in NEE were followed by NPP, because in these young Eucalyptus plantations NEE is very largely dominated by NPP, and heterotrophic respiration plays only a relatively minor role.During the dry season a pronounced hysteresis was observed in the relationship between NEE and photosynthetically active radiation, and NEE fluxes were inversely proportional to humidity saturation deficit values greater than 0.8 kPa. Nighttime fluxes of CO₂ during calm conditions when the friction velocity (u_*) was below the threshold (0.25 m s⁻¹) were estimated based on a Q₁₀ temperature-dependence relationship adjusted separately for different classes of soil moisture content, which regulated the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration.  相似文献   

Chitosan associated with whole raw soybean in diets for Murrah buffaloes on ruminal fermentation,apparent digestibility and nutrients metabolism     

Lais S. B. Dias  Dayane de S. Silva  Gleidson Giordano P. de Carvalho  Maria Leonor G. M. L. de Araújo  Fabiano F. da Silva  Mara Lúcia A. Pereira  Jefferson R. Gandra  Victor G. O. Lima  Antnio C. S. dos Santos  Lucas F. de A. Bulco  Vagner M. Leite  Jos Esler de Freitas Júnior 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and reticular flow of nutrients of buffaloes. Four ruminally‐cannulated Murrah buffaloes (351 ± 15 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: the first factor was whole raw soybean (WRS), and the second factor was chitosan (CHI) with or without their inclusion in diets. Intake and apparent digestibility of ether extract (p < .01; p = .04, respectively), non‐fiber carbohydrates intake (p = .03) and apparent ruminal digestibility of dry matter (p = .01) were affected by diets. An interaction effect or tendency was observed for microbial nitrogen (p = .09), concentrations, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (p = .05), total volatile fatty acid (p = .03). Association of chitosan with whole raw soybean has potential effects as a modulator of rumen fermentation; therefore, chitosan can be applied as an alternative non‐ionophore for Murrah buffaloes.  相似文献   

In vitro development of IVF-derived bovine embryos following cytoplasmic microinjection for the episomal expression of the IGF2 gene     

Karine Campagnolo  Felipe Ledur Ongaratto  Camila Rodrigues de Freitas  Camilo Andrés Peña Bello  Bruna Rodrigues Willhelm  Karine de Mattos  José Luiz Rigo Rodrigues  Marcelo Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):574-583

Important genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1-cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non-CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10-ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non-CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1-cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10-ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth-promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage.  相似文献   

Polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex genes and its associations with milk quality in Murrah buffaloes     

Freitas  Ana C.  Stafuzza  Nedenia B.  Barbero  Marina M. D.  Santos  Daniel J. A.  Fortes  Marina R. S.  Tonhati  Humberto 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):415-423

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Animal breeding programs have used molecular genetic tools as an auxiliary method to identify and select animals with superior genetic merit for milk...  相似文献   

Production,chemical composition,and economic viability of Minas Frescal cheese from buffaloes supplemented with açai seed     

de Oliveira  Wildiney Freire  de Lima  Elizanne Moura  de Freitas  Denise Ribeiro  dos Santos  Suely Sousa  Reis  Grazielle Carvalho  Gomes  Daiany Iris  Alves  Kaliandra Souza  Maciel  Raylon Pereira  Vargas  Julián Andrés Castillo  Mezzomo  Rafael 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2379-2385

Tropical Animal Health and Production - We aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, production yield, and economic viability of Minas Frescal cheese produced with milk from buffaloes...  相似文献   

Brain anatomy of two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus,Linnaeus, 1758): A comparative gross anatomical study of extant xenarthrans     

Letícia Menezes Freitas  Odeony Paulo dos Santos  André Luiz Quagliatto Santos  Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo  Leandro Silveira  Anah Tereza de Almeida Jácomo  Kleber Fernando Pereira  Fabiano Campos Lima 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(1):130-143

The neural system plays an important role in understanding some features of animals. Anatomical complexity correlates with the increase of functional capacity. Xenarthrans include anteaters (Vermilingua), armadillos (Cingulata) and sloths (Folivora). This group is the base of eutherian mammals, and understanding the anatomy of its neural system could provide data for functional and evolutionary interpretations. The gross anatomy of the xenarthran brain is recorded. Four extant families of Pilosa and two families of Cingulata were sampled. Usual dissection procedures were used, and the brains were analysed macroscopically. The brain of two-toed sloth, three-toed sloth, six-banded armadillo, giant anteater and collared anteater are gyrencephalic. Pygmy anteater, nine-banded armadillo, great long-nosed armadillo, southern naked-tailed armadillo and giant armadillo are lissencephalic. In most species, the rhinal fissure presents two segments, rostral and caudal (except in Vermilingua and three-toed sloth). The diencephalon and brainstem present similar anatomy. The cerebellum is wide and presents four lobes (rostral, central, caudal and floccular). Its average volume is 12.16% (Folivora), 14.26% (Vermilingua) and 18.61% (Cingulata). Among these groups, there is a statistical difference between Folivora/Cingulata concerning the cerebellum average. The general pattern of the brain of the xenarthrans is similar to that of other mammals.  相似文献   

YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PLANT NUTRITIONAL DIAGNOSIS AT DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES BY THE DIAGNOSIS AND RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM METHOD     

Almy Junior Cordeiro de Carvalho  Patrícia Soares Furno Fontes  Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas  Pedro Henrique Monnerat  Alexandre Gomes Fontes 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):614-626

This work was performed in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the nutritional status of yellow passion fruit plants along different phenological stages, using the DRIS method. Fifty-four passion fruit cultivated areas with an annual yield productivity ranging from 6.95 to 33.8 t ha^?1 year^?1 and average productivity of 16.9 t ha^?1 year^?1 were selected in the region. The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and boron (B) were evaluated. The reference standards were established (mean and variation coefficient) for the values of the nutrient concentration ratios, two by two, on samples from high yield productivity plantations and analyzed by the DRIS index of nutrients for the medium and low yield productivity areas. The established standards differed according with the phenological stage of the culture. In a general way, the mean content of the evaluated nutrients did not differed between the two productivity levels into each phonological stage. There was a difference for the Nutritional Limitation Order between different phenological stages of yellow passion fruit plants. The most negative DRIS indexes and the highest absolute values for the Average Nutritional Balance on yellow passion fruit plants in the region, were found for potassium in May, phosphorus in October and iron in January.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) as a biocontrol agent of the red palm mite Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)     

Lira  Vanessa de Araujo  Jumbo  Luis Oswaldo Viteri  de Freitas  Giselle Santos  Rêgo  Adriano Soares  Galvão  Andréia Serra  Teodoro  Adenir Vieira 《Phytoparasitica》2021,49(1):103-111

Phytoparasitica - The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), is a severe pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), banana (Musa sp.), and some ornamental palms. The predatory mite...  相似文献   

Yield and N assimilation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Norstar) inoculated with rhizobacteria     

J. Renato de Freitas 《Pedobiologia》2000,44(2)

The effects of bacterial inoculants on the growth of winter wheat were studied in a growth chamber. Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus polymyxa, Enterobacter cloacae, or a mixture of the four rhizobacteria were the inoculants tested. Inoculation effects on yield, yield components, and N-derived from fertilizer (Ndff) were assessed. The response of plants inoculated with individual bacteria was inconsistent and varied with treatment. At the first harvest (58 days after planting-DAP) plants inoculated with the mixture exhibited increases in plant dry weight, total-N and Ndff. At the second harvest (105 DAP), plants inoculated with A. brasilense and the mixture exhibited increases in shoot biomass, whereas at maturity (170 DAP), the inoculated plants showed no differences in total-N or shoot dry matter yield, as compared to the uninoculated controls. Inoculation with A. brasilense, however, increased the Ndff in the shoots, and B. polymyxa tended to enhance grain yield. Practical use of these rhizobacteria as inoculants for winter wheat may have limited value until such time as we better understand factors which influence rhizosphere competence of bacterial inoculants.  相似文献   

Long-lasting systematic roguing for effective management of CABMV in passion flower orchards through maintenance of separated plants     

D. M. A. Spadotti  G. M. Favara  Q. S. Novaes  A. P. O. A. Mello  D. M. S. Freitas  J. P. Edwards Molina  J. A. M. Rezende 《Plant pathology》2019,68(7):1259-1267

In Brazil, passion flower is grown across almost the entire country. The predominant disease of the passion flower crop is passion fruit woodiness, caused by the potyvirus cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), and transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner. The disease reduces the useful life of the orchard from 36 months to approximately 18 months. Up to now, there has not been an efficient method for disease management. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of systematic roguing of diseased plants through weekly inspections, for disease management in the field. The latent and incubation periods of CABMV in passion flower vines were determined in order to optimize roguing efficiency. Passion fruit plants inoculated with CABMV started to act as sources of inoculum from 3 days after inoculation (DAI), and the symptoms were expressed, on average, at 8 DAI. Five field experiments, conducted in the states of São Paulo and Bahia, Brazil, demonstrated that systematic roguing of diseased plants was significantly efficient for managing passion fruit woodiness disease. In order to facilitate identification and subsequent removal of the infected plants, they need to be grown separately. This cultural practice can be recommended for managing passion fruit woodiness disease, provided it is applied on a regional scale by all passion fruit growers. The development of some pilot plantings for the application of roguing in a passion flower-producing region is recommended to validate the use of this technique for managing passion fruit woodiness disease.  相似文献