The front cover image is based on the Research Artice Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on rice resistance to Oebalus pugnax by Thais F Stella de Freitas et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.5174 . Image Credit: Thais Fernanda Stella de Freitas, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
Ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum v. arachnoideum) is associated with digestive tract cancer in different regions of Japan, Venezuela and Brazil. In view of reports that dietary bracken fern causes chromosomal instability in cattle, the clastogenic effect of bracken fern was investigated, in a preliminary study, in peripheral lymphocytes obtained from habitual consumers and a control group of non‐consumers, which were carefully investigated about cancer history or family cancer history, negative in both cases, using protocols comparable to those previously described in studies in cattle raised on bracken pastures. Cytogenetic analysis showed significant increased levels of chromosomal abnormalities, such as chromatid breaks, in cultured peripheral lymphocytes of the consumer group. There was no correlation with subjects, gender, smoking habits or alcohol consumption, and the only correlation was with prolonged exposure to dietary bracken. 相似文献
To investigate the effects of a low dose of dexmedetomidine (DEX) followed by constant rate infusion (CRI) and reversal with atipamezole on systolic and diastolic functions in isoflurane-anesthetized healthy cats.
Study design
Prospective cohort study.
Animals
A group of 11 client-owned adult cats.
Methods
Baseline transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed, followed by intramuscular (IM) administration of DEX (5 μg kg?1). After 10 minutes, sedation was scored, adverse effects were recorded and another TTE performed. Approximately 40 minutes after DEX administration, anesthesia was induced by isoflurane mask and maintained with 1.2% end-tidal isoflurane and DEX CRI (1 μg kg?1 hour?1) for 80 minutes. Physiological variables were recorded every 10 minutes, and TTE was repeated 10, 30 and 60 minutes after the start of anesthesia. CRI was stopped, atipamezole (30 μg kg?1) was administered IM and a final TTE was performed after 10 minutes. Repeated measures over time were submitted to one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test according to data distribution; significance was assumed at p < 0.05.
Results
After DEX premedication, mild sedation and a slight but significant increase in systolic arterial pressure occurred, and vomiting was a common adverse effect. The cardiac output (CO) and heart rate decreased during anesthesia, with no changes after administration of atipamezole. Trivial valvular insufficiencies were commonly seen after DEX premedication and during CRI. Myocardial radial and longitudinal systolic functions were not affected by sedation or by anesthesia. The late phase of diastole on both right and left ventricles was affected by isoflurane–DEX CRI. Global left ventricular myocardial performance was not impaired.
Conclusions
and clinical relevance Decreased CO and late diastolic impairment were observed in healthy cats administered a low dose of DEX for premedication followed by anesthesia with isoflurane and DEX CRI. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein reduction and supplementation of l ‐glutamic acid in male broiler diets. A total of 648 chicks of the Cobb 500 strain were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications with eighteen birds per experimental unit. The study comprised pre‐starter (1–7 days), starter (8–21 days), growth (22–35 days) and final (36–45 days) phases. The first treatment consisted of a control diet formulated according to the requirements of essential amino acids for each rearing phase. The second and third treatments had crude protein (CP) reduced by 1.8 and 3.6 percentage points (pp) in relation to the control diet respectively. In the fourth treatment, l ‐glutamic acid was added to provide the same glutamate level as the control diet, and in the last two treatments, the broilers were supplemented with 1 and 2 pp of glutamate above that of the control diet respectively. The reduction in CP decreased the performance of broilers and the supplementation of l ‐glutamic acid did not influence performance when supplied in the diets with excess of glutamate. The lowest excreted nitrogen values were observed in the control diet, and treatments 2 and 3, respectively, in comparison with treatments with the use of l ‐glutamic acid (5 and 6). Retention efficiency of nitrogen was better in the control diet and in the treatment with a reduction of 1.8 pp of CP. It was verified that the serum uric acid level decreased with the CP reduction. A reduction in CP levels of up to 21.3%, 18.8%, 18.32% and 17.57% is recommended in phases from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35 and at 36 to 42 days, respectively, with a level of glutamate at 5.32%, 4.73%, 4.57%, 4.38%, also in these phases. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high levels of whole raw soya beans in the diets of lactating cows. Twelve Holstein dairy cows were used, randomized in three 4 × 4 balanced and contemporary Latin squares and fed the following diets: (i) control (C), without including whole raw soya beans; (ii) 80 g/kg in DM of whole raw soya beans (G80); (iii) 160 g/kg in DM of whole raw soya beans (G160); and (iv) 240 g/kg in DM of whole raw soya beans (G240). There was significant reduction (p < 0.05) in dry matter intake (kg/day) in cows supplemented with G240 compared with C (23.8 vs. 25.3 respectively). G240 diets presented lower crude protein digestibility (g/kg) (p < 0.05) in comparison with C diet (683 vs. 757 respectively). There was significant effect of experimental rations in nitrogen balance (p < 0.05), G240 diet presenting significant reduction in comparison with the other diets, and faecal excretion of nitrogen was higher for G240 diet. The concentration of ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for cows receiving control diet, compared to other diets. G240 diet resulted in significantly lower milk and protein yield (p < 0.05) in comparison with C diet. Significant C18:2 cis fatty acids were observed in milk concentrations (p < 0.05) for G240 diet. The use of high level of whole raw soya beans in dairy cow diets improves the unsaturated fatty acid profile in milk, and the diets (G80 and G160) led to minor alterations in the digestive processes and animal metabolism. 相似文献
The aim of the study was to verify the influence of selenomethionine (SM) supplementation on performance, carcass yield, characteristics of meat quality and Se tissue deposition of finishing pigs. A total of 128 hybrid pigs with an average weight of 76 kg were distributed in randomized blocks according to body weight in eight treatments and eight replicates. The experimental treatments were two Se levels from sodium selenite‐SS (0.3 and 0.6 ppm), four Se levels from SM (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ppm) and two combinations of SS with SM (SS 0.15 + SM 0.15 ppm and SS 0.3 + SM 0.3 ppm) providing 0.3 and 0.6 ppm Se in the diet respectively. The feeds were based on corn and soya bean meal. After 30 days on test, were analysed the performance indices and the pigs were slaughtered at commercial slaughterhouse. The cold carcass yield, the physicochemical characteristics of the loin meat and the Se content in muscle and liver were evaluated. There was no significant difference in performance indices (p > .05); however, there was a linear effect on the increase in pig carcass yield by increasing SM (p < .05). The use of SM solely or combined with SS provided higher Se deposition in muscle compared to SS (p < .05). The highest Se deposition in muscle occurred for SM at 0.4 ppm (p < .05). The SS provided higher Se deposition in liver (p < .05). The SM presented best results for meat quality compared to other sources (p < .05). The level of 0.4 ppm Se promoted the best results for the indices of yellow, luminosity, cooking loss and pH (p < .05). The use of SM at any level promotes higher oxidation stability of pig meat (p < .05). The supplementation of SM at a level of 0.4 ppm promotes better physicochemical characteristics and higher Se deposition on swine meat. 相似文献
The present work aimed to investigate the presence of T. vivax DNA in the semen of experimentally infected goats. Twelve male goats native to the Brazilian Northeast, adults, were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: the infected group consisting of six goats infected intravenously with 0.5 mL of blood containing approximately 1.25?×?105 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, and a control group composed of six uninfected goats. After the infection, clinical examinations aiming to evaluate rectal temperature, parasitemia and hematocrit were performed. Semen samples were collected from goats by electroejaculation on the 7th, 14th and 21st days post-infection (dpi). The recombinant DNA-encoding gene encoding the L-like-specific gene for T. vivax. The infection was characterized by increased rectal temperature, high parasitemia and significant reduction of hematocrit values. Results for T. vivax DNA detection using TviCatL-PCR were positive in all semen samples from the infected group collected on 7th, 14th and 21st dpi. The presence of T. vivax DNA in 7th dpi suggests the early invasion of the parasite in the reproductive organs. Also, the finding of T. vivax DNA in all periods analyzed may suggest the continued elimination of the parasite in the semen, which may increase the chances of sexual transmission. Thus, T. vivax DNA is recorded for the first time in the semen of infected goats. Thus, these data are of great importance, since the detection of the T. vivax genetic material in the semen may point to the possibility that the parasite may be transmitted through the sexual pathway. 相似文献
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The morphological characterization allows one to estimate and evaluate the genetic distance among different varieties, identifying heterotrophic groups... 相似文献
下载免费PDF全文