Otolith geochemistry in young‐of‐the‐year peacock bass Cichla temensis for investigating natal dispersal in the Rio Negro (Amazon – Brazil) river system          下载免费PDF全文

Raniere C. S. Garcez  Robert Humston  David Harbor  Carlos E. C. Freitas 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(2):242-251

This study examined otolith geochemistry as a natural marker of natal origins in young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) Cichla temensis in the Negro River Basin of Brazil. We analysed trace element and isotopic composition of otoliths of YOY collected off spawning nests from the main stem and major tributaries. These were compared with regional bedrock geologic composition to explore underlying mechanisms of differences in otolith geochemistry. Our results suggest that spatial differences in otolith geochemistry can be used to distinguish natal origins based on ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios. This approach allowed us to correctly classify 99% of juvenile fish to their natal streams using cross‐validation in a linear discriminant function analysis (LDFA). Patterns of otolith isotopic composition correspond with patterns in regional geology as expected based on previously demonstrated correlations, although some fine‐scale spatial differences cannot be accounted for by available geologic information. These results demonstrate that otolith chemistry is valuable as a natural marker of natal origins in this system and suggest that inferences from geologic maps may be useful for interpreting movements based on otolith geochemical signatures. This information provides the basis for future work to investigate the early life history and spatial ecology of this important cichlid.  相似文献   

Effects of supplementation with ascorbic acid for a period of 120 days on the myosin-V and NADPHd positive myenteric neurons of the ileum of rats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zanoni JN  De Freitas P  Pereira RV  Dos Santos Pereira MA  De Miranda Neto MH 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(3):149-153

We investigated the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on the NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) and myosin-V myenteric neurons in the ileum of rats, after 4 months of treatment. Two groups were compared, i.e. controls rats (C) and AA-treated rats (CA). Myosin-V immunohistochemistry and NADPHd histochemistry were employed. We investigated the areas of 500 cell bodies of myosin-V neurons and of 500 NADPHd stained neurons from all groups. The quantitative analysis was performed using an area of 8.96 mm2 from each ileum. There was an increase of 21.9% in the myosin-V immunoreactive myenteric neurons (P > 0.05) and of 22.5% in the NADPHd in group CA when compared with C (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences when we compared the area of myosin-V stained neurons between groups C and CA. However, we verified an area reduction of 7.5% in NADPHd neurons when comparing group C to group CA (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

Identification of a bisegmented double-stranded RNA virus (picobirnavirus) in calf faeces     

Buzinaro MG  Freitas PP  Kisiellius JJ  Ueda M  Jerez JA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,166(2):185-187

To determine the incidence of rotavirus infection among dairy herds in the State of S?o Paulo, Brazil, 576 faecal samples obtained from calves aged 1-45 days with and without diarrhoea, reared on 63 dairy cattle farms, were analyzed. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) identified 28 samples positive for group A rotavirus, while four samples, two diarrhoeic and two non-diarrhoeic, showed a bisegmented genome with a typical picobirnavirus pattern. Electron microscopy revealed spherical virus particles with a diameter of 37 nm and without a defined surface structure. The present study is the first report of a bisegmented virus identified in cattle in Brazil.  相似文献   

Anthelmintic efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and the homeopathic product Fator Vermes in Morada Nova sheep     

Chagas AC  Vieira LS  Freitas AR  Araújo MR  Araújo-Filho JA  Araguão WR  Navarro AM 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,151(1):68-73

Gastrointestinal nematodes are becoming increasingly resistant to the commercial products used to control them. The cost of routine vermifuge applications on herds and the problem of residues in animal products and the environment have prompted research on the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. This work examines the anthelmintic action of neem and the homeopathic product Fator Vermes in sheep kept in a pasture for 18 months. Forty sheep of the Morada Nova breed were divided into four treatments and the control, according to the EPG. During the experiment, each animal received 100 g/day of shredded corn and did not receive protein supplementation. In treatment 1 (control), the animals received only shredded corn. Treatment 2 received 1.6 g/(animal day) of the homeopathic product mixed with the shredded corn, and treatments 3, 4 and 5 received, respectively, 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5 g/(animal day) of dried Azadirachta indica leaves mixed with the shredded corn. The neem was administered for alternating 15-day periods and the homeopathic product daily for 18 months. There were 39 fortnightly fecal collections made to count the EPG, and fecal cultures were performed monthly. The following genera, in percentage, were identified: Haemonchus: 65.58+/-3.27, Trichostrongylus: 15.92+/-7.38 and Oesophagostomum: 18.50+/-6.22. The treatments evaluated were not effective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes (P>0.05), whose mean log(10) counts (EPG +1) and standard errors for treatments 1-5 were respectively 3.55+/-0.28; 3.48+/-0.31; 3.90+/-0.29; 2.78+/-0.29 and 3.48+/-0.30. A significant effect (P<0.0001) was observed of the periods of the year when the 39 collections occurred. Because of the diet deficient in raw protein, the sheep had higher average EPG counts, for all the treatments, at the end of the dry season, and the opposite occurred in the middle of the rainy season.  相似文献   

Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on rice resistance to Oebalus pugnax     

Thais F Stella de Freitas  Michael J Stout  Josu Sant'Ana 《Pest management science》2019,75(3):744-752

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Tuberculosis prevalence and risk factors for water buffalo in Pará, Brazil     

José D. Barbosa  Jenevaldo B. da Silva  Charles P. Rangel  Adivaldo H. da Fonseca  Natália S. Silva  Henrique A. Bomjardim  Nayra F. Q. R. Freitas 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(3):513-517

The prevalence of and possible risk factors for tuberculosis were studied in water buffalo from Pará, Brazil. In this study, 3,917 pregnant and nonpregnant female Murrah and Mediterranean buffaloes were studied; 2,089 originated from Marajó Island, and 1,108 were from the mainland. The comparative cervical tuberculin test was used as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis in these animals. The prevalence of positive buffaloes was 3.5 % (100/2,809) on Marajó Island and 7.2 % (80/1,108) on the mainland. The municipalities with the highest tuberculosis prevalence rates in animals were Ipixuna do Pará (10.1 %), Marapanim (9.8 %), Chaves (9.4 %), Paragominas (8.6 %), and Cachoeira do Arari (6.7 %). The tuberculosis prevalence was not significantly different between the Murrah (4.3 %) and Mediterranean (4.8 %) breeds or between pregnant (5 %) and nonpregnant (4.3 %) buffaloes. Tuberculosis was detected in water buffaloes from Pará, Brazil; the mainland buffalo exhibited the highest tuberculosis prevalence. These results indicate that this disease is dangerous to public health and buffalo farming in Pará.  相似文献   

Estimation of roaming dog populations in Timor Leste     

Acáçio Cardoso Amaral  Michael P. Ward  Joana da Costa Freitas 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

The continued spread of rabies through the eastern islands of Indonesia poses a risk of rabies introduction to Timor Leste. To prepare for such an incursion and to undertake surveillance activities, the size and distribution of the roaming dog population needs to be estimated. We present the results of the first such surveys ever undertaken in Timor Leste.  相似文献   

Carbon in Amazon forests: unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saleska SR  Miller SD  Matross DM  Goulden ML  Wofsy SC  da Rocha HR  de Camargo PB  Crill P  Daube BC  de Freitas HC  Hutyra L  Keller M  Kirchhoff V  Menton M  Munger JW  Pyle EH  Rice AH  Silva H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5650):1554-1557

The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was measured by eddy covariance methods for 3 years in two old-growth forest sites near Santarém, Brazil. Carbon was lost in the wet season and gained in the dry season, which was opposite to the seasonal cycles of both tree growth and model predictions. The 3-year average carbon loss was 1.3 (confidence interval: 0.0 to 2.0) megagrams of carbon per hectare per year. Biometric observations confirmed the net loss but imply that it is a transient effect of recent disturbance superimposed on long-term balance. Given that episodic disturbances are characteristic of old-growth forests, it is likely that carbon sequestration is lower than has been inferred from recent eddy covariance studies at undisturbed sites.  相似文献   

Descriptive morphometry and stereology in accessing the testis structure and function of the marsupial Philander frenatus (Olfers, 1818) (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)     

Vanessa de Freitas Ferreira  Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro Dias  Kyvia Lugate Cardoso Costa  Sérgio Luis Pinto da Matta  Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo  Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves de Melo 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(2):379-386

Philander frenatus is an important marsupial for the maintenance and conservation of the Atlantic Rainforest, however, it has biological characteristics that are still little explored. The study of the reproductive biology is an important key to understand the species reproductive strategies and to improve the development of conservation and management activities. The present study aimed to conduct a histological and morphometric investigation of the testis structure and function of P. frenatus. The average body and testicular weight were 445 g and 0.74 g, respectively, with a gonadosomatic index of 0.17%. The seminiferous tubules occupying 64.95% of the organ, totalising 9.26 m per gram of testis. The tubulesomatic and epitheliumsomatic indexes were 0.10% and 0.07%, respectively. Philander frenatus showed cell loss of approximately 98% during the proliferative phase and the spermatogenic yield was 10.3 cells. The high loss during the mitotic phase contributed to the low spermatogenic yield. The testicular parenchyma was composed of 35% of intertubular components, one of the highest proportions observed in mammals. Leydig cells were responsible for approximately 25% of the testes, followed by lymphatic space (6.44%), blood vessels and connective tissue (4% together). The organisation of the intertubular components resembles the Fawcett III category. The volume and number of Leydig cell per gram of testis were 2,627.12 µm³ and 91.28 × 10⁶ cells, respectively. High investment in the intertubular compartment, specifically number and volume of Leydig cells in P. frenatus is consistent with territorial behaviour and polygynic mating system, which have greater androgenic capacity.  相似文献   

Buriti pulp oil did not improve high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in c57bl/6 mice     

Leonardo Recena Aydos  Luane Aparecida do Amaral  Ana Cristina Jacobowski  Roberta Serafim de Souza  Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto  Mariana Biava de Menezes  Felipe Francisco Bittencourt Junior  Emely Schuindt Fernandes  Iandara Schettert Silva  Luciane Candeloro Portugal  Cláudio Gonçalves Oliveira  Gustavo Tsuyoshi Senra Masuko  Leandro Fontoura Cavalheiro  Carlos Eduardo Domingues Nazário  Elisvânia Freitas dos Santos  Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(2):364-375

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity are growing in many parts of the world, becoming public health problems. It is proposed that foods with functional properties can assist in the treatment of these diseases. Crude buriti pulp oil (BPO) is a food traditionally consumed by residents in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Brazilian Amazon. It is rich in oleic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids, emerging as a potential functional food. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of BPO on metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet. Four groups of C57BL6 mice were used, a lean group with AIN-93M diet and control oil supplementation, an obese group with a high-fat diet and control oil supplementation, and two obese groups with a high-fat diet and BPO supplementation in the amounts of 50 and 100 mg/kg. BPO worsened the metabolic state caused by the high-fat diet, worsening risk factors associated with MetS, as the abdominal circumference and retroperitoneal fat, serum levels of total cholesterol, uric acid, alanine transaminase, glucose and triglycerides, and renal fat, in addition to changes in glycaemic control and oxidative stress markers. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet and supplemented with BPO presented a worsening in metabolic risk factors associated with MetS.  相似文献