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51.
农业生态系统是个“灰箱”.我们运用模糊数学的关联度分析,尝试对这类灰色系统的投入进行技术调控,并取得了良好的效果.通过对农田子系统投入的化肥(尤其是N化肥)、粪肥和还田秸秆进行技术调控的实例证明;它可以作为能、物流分析的辅助手段,互相取长补短.通过关联序分析和关联系数分析,来调整系统的投入结构和投入技艺(时、空、量级及方式的选择).本文提出了应用关联度分析的基本程序和要领以及“贡献曲线”、“潜力曲线”等概念. 相似文献
52.
不同贮藏温度对大五星枇杷果实保鲜效果的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
枇杷成熟于初夏高温多湿季节,果实生理活动旺盛,含水量多,极易腐烂变质,一般条件下难以贮存和长途运销,采后损失率高。目前,枇杷贮藏最常用的方法是冷藏法。郑永华等把枇杷果实在1℃低温贮藏,可显著抑制果实失水,贮藏期可达20天以上;Mukerjece认为,枇杷贮藏在3℃低温下能减少腐烂;周德荣通过0、5、15℃和常温比较表明,“照种”枇杷在5℃下贮藏31天的好果率最高为83.9%。但近年来,一些研究报道,枇杷果实在不适宜的低温下长期贮藏会发生冷害现象。曾雅鹃等发现,在1℃低温下贮藏,枇杷果皮难剥,果肉变硬, 相似文献
53.
桔小实蝇Dacus dorsalis(Hendel)又称东方果实蝇、食心虫,在我区除为害多种水果外,还为害苦瓜、丝瓜等瓜类蔬菜,是近年我区果蔬作物的主要害虫之一。2004年,部分未套袋的番石榴、洋桃、桃、杨梅等水果及苦瓜、丝瓜等瓜类作物,果实受害率平均60%以上,重的达80%~90%。严重影响水果及瓜类的产量和品质。 相似文献
54.
2005年1月底.广东省某规模养殖场的鸡出现了张口喘气、呼吸困难,有呼噜声、咳嗽,排黄绿色粪便等症状.部分鸡还有神经症状。发病约450只.发病率为1.2%。三天后鸡只陆续出现死亡.两天内死亡50只左右。解剖病死鸡,可见:喉头、气管粘膜明显出血,小肠轻度炎症。回肠、直肠、泄殖腔粘膜出血。临床无法确诊。经实验室快速诊断.为新城疫感染。 相似文献
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56.
甜玉米玉米螟的发生危害与防治措施 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
研究了吉林省公主岭地区甜玉米上亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guene)的发生危害和防治措施。田间抗螟性人工接虫鉴定结果表明,甜玉米710A和普通玉米自交系丹340的食叶级别为9级,即高感玉米螟,而单交种邢抗5号和邢抗2号的食叶级别为5级,为中抗型。与普通感虫和中等抗虫性玉米品种相比,取食甜玉米的玉米螟幼虫存活率高3~7倍,发育速度更快,提前约4~8天(1~2个龄期),说明甜玉米比普通玉米感虫。甜玉米比普通玉米及早播比晚播田更吸引玉米螟产卵。田间小区试验表明,化学杀虫剂的防治效果比白僵菌和苏云金杆菌的好,以氯菊酯喷雾防治效果最好,虫孔减退率达90%;其次是杀螟灵颗粒剂、Bt喷雾和Bt颗粒剂;而白僵菌的防治效果较差,喷雾防治效果好于颗粒剂。大田防治效果与小区试验基本相同。同时还分析了氯菊酯防治甜玉米玉米螟的防治策略、防治时期、施用次数等。此外,对Bt制剂作为化学杀虫剂的取代品及与其它生物防治方法协调使用的优点与潜力进行了讨论。 相似文献
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59.
AIM:To study the changes of K+ channels of outer hair cells in guinea pig cochlea with streptomycin ototoxicity. METHODS:Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used.RESULTS:(1) The body weight of guinea pigs with streptomycin ototoxicity decreased significantly; (2) The ABR threshold markedly increased in streptomycin group (Ⅱ,Ⅲ);(3)The number of dissociated outer hair cells of guinea pigs (Ⅱ,Ⅲ) was lower than that of control (Ⅰ); (4) Streptomycin decreased the Ca2+-sensitive K+ currents and delayed outward K+ currents distinctly; (5) There was no significant difference of K+ currents between Ⅰ and Ⅱ/Ⅲ. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the inhibition of K+ channels is the basis of streptomycin ototoxicity, but not the direct reason for cell death. 相似文献
60.
AIM:To establish rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) models by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of lipopolysacchride(LPS) or passive cigarette smoking only, which would be similar to the pathogenesis of human COPD. METHODS:48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.(1) Healthy control I group(n=12), rats were bred 4 weeks;healthy control II group(n=12), rats were bred for 3months. (2) Model group I (n=12), 200μg lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was instilled intratracheally once for every two weeks and the rats were exposured to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 4 weeks.(3) Model group II(n=12),rats were exposed to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 3 months. The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissues, pulmonary function and blood gas analysis were determined. The airway wall lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages were counted. The cross areas of epithelial layer, smooth muscle layer and lamina propria of bronchi were measured. The hydroxyproline of lung tissue homogenates was determined by biochemistry method.RESULTS:The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissue of two models were similar to but milder than those of COPD patients(biopsy data). The collagen deposition and the cross areas of epithelial layer and smooth muscle layer in airway walls of two model groups were significantly increased than those of control groups(P<0.01,P<0.05).FEV0.3/FVC% of two model groups, PaO2 and SaO2 of model I group were significantly decreased, while Ri and Re in model I group were significantly increased than that of control I group(P<0.05). The PaCO2 and the counts of lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages of both model groups were significantly increased than those of the control groups (P<0.01). Lots of alveolar macrophages had phagocyted smoke granules. The amounts of hydroxyproline of two model groups were significantly increased than those of control group((P<0.05) and were negatively related to the FEV0.3/FVC%, respectively (P<0.01,P<0.01) and positively related to airway resistance of model I group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:COPD rat models were successfully established by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of LPS and cigarette smoking only. The pathologic changes were similar but milder than those of COPD patients. The airway obstruction of model I group was more severe than that of model II group, but they have no significant difference. 相似文献