Decline of Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a review     

Constança de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo-Alves  Maria Ivone Esteves da Clara  Nuno Manuel Cabral de Almeida Ribeiro 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(3):411-432

Mortality events in cork and holm oaks have occurred in the Mediterranean basin since the beginning of the XX century, but severity of decline increased during the 1980s. By that time, the exotic soil borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi was often recovered from declining stands and since then it has been considered the main factor associated with decline. This work analyses data concerning P. cinnamomi surveys in cork and holm oaks trees, pathogenicity tests carried out in controlled experiments, studies about the influence of site characteristics in tree decline and approaches to control the disease. Results of field surveys showed that the pathogen is widespread and pathogenicity tests suggested that host susceptibility to the pathogen is moderate when seedlings are in appropriate watering conditions, particularly cork oaks. Occurrence of decline is also associated with soil characteristics that interfere with root expansion and water retention. We assessed the relative importance of each factor involved in decline and revised the role of P. cinnamomi in cork and holm oak decline.  相似文献   

Characterization of Cylindrodendrum,Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria isolates associated with loquat decline in Spain,with description of Cylindrodendrum alicantinum sp. nov.     

Carlos Agustí-Brisach  Ana Cabral  Elisa González-Domínguez  Ana Pérez-Sierra  Maela León  Paloma Abad-Campos  José García-Jiménez  Helena Oliveira  Josep Armengol 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(1):103-118

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Genetic diversity and structure of Hemileia vastatrix populations on Coffea spp.          下载免费PDF全文

P. G. C. Cabral  E. Maciel‐Zambolim  S. A. S. Oliveira  E. T. Caixeta  L. Zambolim 《Plant pathology》2016,65(2):196-204

Coffee leaf rust is the most limiting disease for coffee cultivation in Brazil. Despite its importance, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity of Hemileia vastatrix, the rust causal agent. In this work, the DNA from 112 monopustule isolates from different geographic locations and coffee genotypes were analysed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). The objectives were to assess the influence of the host and geographic origin on the diversity and population differentiation in H. vastatrix. The fungal population showed a low level of genotypic diversity. Gene diversity (h) was 0·027 and the hypothesis of random mating in the total population was rejected, but evidence for recombination was found for two subpopulations (São Paulo and Paraná). The analysis of molecular variance revealed that 90% of the genetic distribution of the pathogen occurs among isolates within the subpopulation (states or host of origin). There was no correlation between geographic and genetic distance (r = ?0·024, P = 0·74), which together with the high number of migrants and the low degree of differentiation in populations of H. vastatrix, is consistent with the fact that the inoculum is probably easily dispersed by wind over long distances, allowing dispersal of the pathogen among coffee growing areas in Brazil. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the durability of resistant sources to coffee rust. The recommendation for the breeding programmes is thus to incorporate multigenic resistance as a control strategy.  相似文献   

Degradation of the neolignan, burchellin in the hemolymph of the bloodsucking insect Rhodnius prolixus     

Cabral MM  Garcia ES  Gottlieb OR  Kelecom A 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(1):59-63

The neolignan, burchellin, a natural compound that reduces urine excretion in larvae of the bloodsucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas' disease, is rapidly degraded in the hemolymph of the insect. The main product that accumulates in this tissue has been shown to be piperonyl alcohol. Other catabolites have been identified by GC-MS analysis.  相似文献   

Antioxidant Compounds Recovery from Juçara Residue by Thermal Assisted Extraction     

Leilson O. Ribeiro  Ricardo N. C. Pereira  Renata V. Tonon  Lourdes Maria C. Cabral  Manuela Cristina P. A. Santiago  António A. Vicente  José António C. Teixeira  Virgínia M. Matta  Suely P. Freitas 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(1):68-73

This study aimed to recover bioactive compounds by solid-liquid extraction from the agro-industrial residue obtained during juçara fruits processing into pulp. A preliminary study using different solvents (methanol, ethanol and water) indicated ethanol in aqueous solution as the best solvent for antioxidants recovery. Then, a Box-Behnken design was applied considering as independent variables the solvent composition (30–70% ethanol in water), temperature (30–70 °C) and time (30–60 min), in order to evaluate the effects of these factors on antioxidant activity in juçara extract. Results showed that the extracts with higher antioxidant activity were obtained using 30% ethanol at 70 °C for 60 min; measurements included ABTS and DPPH assays, determination of total phenolic content and total monomeric anthocyanins. Furthermore, the effect of pH in antioxidants recovery was evaluated. For this purpose, the 30% ethanol solution was acidified to pH 1 and 2 with HCl. Principal component analysis showed the formation of three distinct groups: one characterized by high bioactive compounds content (pH 1.0), another with superior antioxidant activity (pH 5.75, non-acidified), and finally the group at pH 2 presenting the worst concentrations in the evaluated responses. HPLC analysis showed the presence of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in the extracts. Therefore, the conventional solid-liquid extraction using renewable solvent can be successfully applied to recover bioactive compounds from juçara residue, which can be used by different food industries.  相似文献   

Neuroendodermal cyst in the fourth ventricle of a dog          下载免费PDF全文

M Kent  EN Glass  AD Miller  A de Lahunta 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(8):294-298

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Relating MODIS vegetation index time-series with structure,light absorption and stem production of fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations     

Claire Marsden  Guerric le Maire  José-Luiz Stape  Danny Lo Seen  Olivier Roupsard  Osvaldo Cabral  Daniel Epron  Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima  Yann Nouvellon 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

By allowing the estimation of forest structural and biophysical characteristics at different temporal and spatial scales, remote sensing may contribute to our understanding and monitoring of planted forests. Here, we studied 9-year time-series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on a network of 16 stands in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations in São Paulo State, Brazil. We aimed to examine the relationships between NDVI time-series spanning entire rotations and stand structural characteristics (volume, dominant height, mean annual increment) in these simple forest ecosystems. Our second objective was to examine spatial and temporal variations of light use efficiency for wood production, by comparing time-series of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (APAR) with inventory data.  相似文献   

Phytotoxity of Fusarium subglutinans culture filtrates on in vitro plantlets and calli of resistant and susceptible pineapple (Ananas comosus)     

Hidalgo  Santos  Tussel  Pires de Matos  Cabral  Arzola  & Pérez 《Plant pathology》1999,48(6):756-758

Various concentrations of culture filtrates from Fusarium subglutinans were tested for their effect on in vitro multiplication of plantlets and regeneration from calli of pineapple. The cultivars tested were the resistant Perolera and Spring and the susceptible Perola and Smooth Cayenne. The culture filtrate reduced shoot formation of in vitro plantlets and regeneration of plants from calli derived from the susceptible cultivars but plantlets and calli from resistant plants showed resistance. These results show the potential for culture filtrates of F. subglutinans to provide a method of in vitro screening of pineapple for resistance to the pathogen.  相似文献   

Biogeographical region and environmental conditions drive functional traits of estuarine fish assemblages worldwide          下载免费PDF全文

Sofia Henriques  François Guilhaumon  Sébastien Villéger  Sandra Amoroso  Susana França  Stéphanie Pasquaud  Henrique N Cabral  Rita P Vasconcelos 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(4):752-771

Assessing trait–environment relationships is crucial for predicting effects of natural and human‐induced environmental change on biota. We compiled a global database of fish assemblages in estuaries, functional traits of fishes and ecosystem features of estuaries. And we quantified the relative importance of ecosystem features as drivers of patterns of fish functional traits among estuaries worldwide (i.e. drivers of the proportions of fish traits). In addition to biogeographical context, two main environmental gradients regulate traits patterns: firstly temperature, and secondly estuary size and hydrological connectivity of the estuary with the marine ecosystem. Overall, estuaries in colder regions, with larger areas and with higher hydrological connectivity with the marine ecosystem, have higher proportions of marine fish (versus freshwater), macrocarnivores and planktivores (versus omnivores, herbivores and detritivores) and larger fish, with greater maximum depth of distribution and longer lifespan. The observed trait patterns and trait–environment relationships are likely generated by multiple causal processes linked to physiological constraints due to temperature and salinity, size‐dependent biotic interactions, as well as habitat availability and connectivity. Biogeographical context and environmental conditions drive species richness and composition, and present results show that they also drive assemblage traits. The observed trait patterns and trait–environment relationships suggest that assemblage composition is determined by the functional role of species within ecosystems. Conservation strategies should be coordinated globally and ensure protection of an array of estuaries that differ in ecosystem features, even if some of those estuaries do not support high species richness.  相似文献   

Macro‐geographical differences influenced by family‐based expression on cultured pearl grade,shape and colour in the black‐lip ‘pearl oyster’ Pinctada margaritifera: a preliminary bi‐local case study in French Polynesia          下载免费PDF全文

Chin‐Long Ky  Carole Blay  Vaite Aiho  Philippe Cabral  Gilles Le Moullac  Cédrik Lo 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(1):270-282

In French Polynesia, the aquaculture of Pinctada margaritifera is carried out in numerous grow‐out sites, located over three archipelagos (Gambier, Society and Tuamotu). To evaluate the impact of macro‐geographical effects of these growing sites on pearl quality traits, five hatcheries produced families were used as homogeneous donor oysters in an experimental graft. The molluscs were then reared in two commercial locations: Tahaa Island (Society) and Rangiroa atoll (Tuamotu). At harvest, eight pearl quality traits were recorded and compared: surface defects, lustre, grade, circles, shape categories, darkness level, body and secondary colour and visual colour categories. Overall inter‐site comparison revealed that: (1) all traits were affected by grow‐out location except for lustre and round shape, and (2) a higher mean rate of valuable pearls was produced in Rangiroa. Indeed, for pearl grade, Rangiroa showed twice as many A‐B and less reject samples than Tahaa. This was related to the number of surface defects (grade component): in Rangiroa, twice as many pearls had no defects and less pearls had up to 10 defects. Concerning pearl shape, more circled and baroque pearls were found in Tahaa (+10%). For colour variation, 10% more pearls have an attractive green overtone in Rangiroa than in Tahaa, where more grey body colour were harvested. Lustre does not seem to be affected by these two culture site (except at a family scale). This is the first time P. margaritifera donor family have been shown to vary in the quality of pearls they produce depending on their grow‐out location.  相似文献