Residues from long-acting antimicrobial preparations in injection sites in cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H MAWHINNEY  SM OAKENFULL  TJ NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(2):140-142

Objective To investigate tissue residues of two longacting oxytetracycline (OTC) preparations in cattle.
Design A randomised drug residue trial.  

Animals

Two hundred and forty beef cattle in 24 groups of ten.
Procedure Two blind-coded 200 mg/mL OTC preparations were used in five treatment regimens of various combinations of injection sites (from one to five) and administrations (one or two). Five cattle from each group were slaughtered at 21, 30 and 60 days after injection and the injection site, urine, kidney and diaphragm muscle analysed for residues.
Results The OTC concentration exceeded the maximum residue limit in kidney in animals slaughtered 21 days after treatment, which is the prescribed withholding period. Concentration at the injection site was much greater than the maximum residue limit 30 days post-treatment, but not 45 days post-treatment. The residue was smaller when OTC had been injected in multiple sites. There was no difference between the two OTC preparations.
Conclusion A review of the maximum injection volume, site of injection and the withholding period is needed for long-acting OTC formulations.  相似文献   

Uptake of organic emergent contaminants in spath and lettuce: an in vitro experiment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Calderón-Preciado D  Renault Q  Matamoros V  Cañameras N  Bayona JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(8):2000-2007

Although a myriad of organic microcontaminants may occur in irrigation waters, little attention has been paid to their incorporation in crops. In this work, a systematic approach to assess the final fate of both ionizable and neutral organic contaminants taken up by plants is described. In vitro uptake of triclosan (TCS), hydrocinnamic acid (HCA), tonalide (TON), ibuprofen (IBF), naproxen (NPX), and clofibric acid (CFA) were studied in lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L) and spath ( Spathiphyllum spp.) as model plants. After 30 days incubation, analyte depletion from the culture medium was 85-99% (lettuce) and 51-81% (spath). HCA, NPX, and CFA exhibited the highest depletion rate in both plant species. Lettuce plant tissue analysis revealed an accumulation of all compounds except for HCA. These compounds reached a peak in tissue concentration followed by a sudden drop, probably due to the plant detoxification system and analyte depletion from the culture medium. Kinetic characterization of the uptake and detoxification processes was fitted to a pseudo-first-order rate. Compounds with a carboxylic group in their structure exhibited higher uptake rates, possibly due to the contribution of an ion trap effect. Molecular weight and log K(ow) played a direct role in uptake in lettuce, as proven by the significant correlation of both properties to depletion and by the correlation of molecular weight to kinetic uptake rates.  相似文献   

Providing management options to control corn mouse (Calomys musculinus) reservoir populations using a cohort structured model     

M. F. Piacenza  M. D. Gomez  I. Simone  M. Lamfri  C. M. Scavuzzo  G. E. Calderón 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):255-265

We evaluate several management options for Calomys musculinus populations through the formulation and validation of a cohort structured model. Initially, a basic model was constructed and validated using field population data. Next, the model was altered to allow us to evaluate different management options. In general, basic model results were in agreement with field data, demonstrating that this model would be useful in describing aspects of corn mouse population dynamics. Restricting control measures to when mouse numbers reach high levels would be inadequate, because population numbers tend to increase in size after some years. In contrast, reducing vegetation cover in spring was more effective in reducing field population abundances. Despite some limitations, the model could be useful for evaluating the relationships between population dynamics and some biotic or physical environmental variables, and thus ensure more efficient use of resources in integrated pest management.  相似文献   

Development and Evaluation of a Nutritionally Enhanced Multigrain Tortilla Snack     

Alma Rosa Islas-Rubio  Ana María Calderón de la Barca  Luis Enrique Molina-Jacott  María del Carmen Granados-Nevárez  Francisco Vasquez-Lara 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2014,69(2):128-133

An increased consumption of healthy foods to reduce chronic diseases risks is needed. We developed and evaluated a multigrain snack as a nutritive alternative to the highly consumed corn tortilla chips. Corn, wheat, and chickpea grains were boiled in 1 % calcium oxide solution, steeped, washed, and ground before being mixed with soy protein isolate and oat flour to prepare the multigrain masa. Multigrain tortillas were moulded, baked, dried, and fried. Proximate composition, dietary fiber, protein quality, sensorial, and textural properties were evaluated. A commercial tortilla chip was used as control. The multigrain snack contained 153 % more protein, 53 % more dietary fiber, and 43 % less fat than commercial tortilla chips. Its lysine and isoleucine contents helped to increase the corrected-net protein utilization by 10 %, while digestibility increased from 83.5 to 91.8 % as compared to commercial tortilla chips. The mean breaking force was 6,082 g for the multigrain snack and 4,780 g for the commercial tortilla chips. The mean acceptability score for the multigrain snack was 12.1 (unstructured line scale 0–15 cm), and 82 % of the panelists rated the snack as acceptable. In conclusion, a nutritionally enhanced multigrain tortilla snack was developed which provides significantly more dietary fiber and protein and less fat than traditional commercial corn tortilla chips, but with comparable appearance and high acceptability.  相似文献   

Tocopherol Accumulation and Temporal Expression Analysis of VTE1 and VTE5 Gene Family in Fruit of Two Contrasting Avocado Genotypes     

Valdez-Agramón  Rosalva C.  Valdez-Morales  Maribel  López-Meyer  Melina  Sandoval-Castro  Eduardo  Calderón-Vázquez  Carlos L. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2022,77(2):265-270

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - α-tocopherol is found in high concentrations in avocado fruit mesocarp, however, its accumulation and genetic control during maturation and ripening has not...  相似文献   

Characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses from Argentina     

Remorini P  Calderón MG  Aguirre S  Periolo O  La Torre J  Mattion N 《Avian diseases》2006,50(2):245-251

  相似文献   

Oldest writing in the New World     

Rodríguez Martínez Mdel C  Ortíz Ceballos P  Coe MD  Diehl RA  Houston SD  Taube KA  Delgado Calderón A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5793):1610-1614

A block with a hitherto unknown system of writing has been found in the Olmec heartland of Veracruz, Mexico. Stylistic and other dating of the block places it in the early first millennium before the common era, the oldest writing in the New World, with features that firmly assign this pivotal development to the Olmec civilization of Mesoamerica.  相似文献   

THE USE OF CATTLE AND SHEEP FOR EVALUATING GRASS AND LEGUME SWARDS, A COMPARISON OF METHODS     

F. W. Calder 《Grass and Forage Science》1970,25(2):144-153

A comparison was made of the effects of grazing with cattie and sheep separateiy hy two methods, continuous and rotationai on two forage mixtures. The two mixtures were timothy (Phleum pratense L.) with iadino white ciover (Trifolium repens L.); and brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss) witii aifalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The rotationai system of grazing created different effects on sward composition from those caused hy the continuous grazing system. The legumes survived hetter under rotational than continuous grazing. Sheep, under both grazing systems, grazed more severeiy than cattie; they defoliated the ieaf portion of the plants and ieft more stem standing than did the cattle. Protein of the sward increased with the leaf portion, but in vitro digestibility was not altered as leaf to stem ratios changed. Although the gross effects of sheep and cattle were similar, there were differences in detail in the effect on these swards.  相似文献   

An investigation of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic free-living amoebae from the root zone method of wastewater treatment     

Dr. Fermín Rivera  Salvador Rodríguez  Alan Warren  Patricia Bonilla  Elizabeth Ramírez  Arturo Calderón  Ricardo Ortíz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,69(1-2):93-98

Pathogenic and non-pathogenic free-living amoebae from the Root Zone Method (RZM) of wastewater treatment were investigated. Ten reed beds planted on four different substrate types were compared for their efficiency of removal of free-living amoebae. Reed beds planted on coarse substrates generally gave the highest removal rates (up to 100%) while those planted in soil gave the lowest (60.4%). Possible reasons for differences in removal efficiencies are discussed. Thirteen species representing nine genera of free-living amoebae were isolated; these included three species of Acanthamoeba (A. astronyxis, A. polyphaga and A.rhysodes) all of which were pathogenic for mice. The implications for RZM design of the presence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in the effluent are discussed.  相似文献   

A Bayesian analysis of boar spermatozoa kinematics and head morphometrics and their relationship with litter size fertility variables     

Vinicio Barquero  Carles Soler  Francisco Sevilla  Josué Calderón-Calderón  Anthony Valverde 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(7):1024-1033

The semen movement and sperm head size patterns of boar ejaculates were analysed using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA)-Mot and -Morph systems. The aim of the present study was to compare morphometric and kinematics variables from boars and to determine the relationship with sow fertility variables related to litter size. The females were from maternal crossing schemes such as the continuous 3-generation cross between York (Y), Landrace (L), and Pietrain (P) hybrid sows and Pietrain boars. Semen samples were collected from 11 sexually mature boars from two sire lines. Samples were analysed using the ISAS^®v1 system to evaluate eight kinematic variables of sperm velocity, progressiveness and undulations. Four morphometric parameters of sperm head size (length, width, area and perimeter) were analysed. Bayesian analysis revealed relevant differences in four kinematic variables (VSL, LIN, STR and WOB) between sire lines, with a probability of relevance (P_R) of 0.79–0.91, and Pietrain boars were associated with higher progressive motility compared with Duroc x Pietrain boars. Moreover, there were relevant differences in all morphometric variables (P_R = 0.82–0.85) between sire lines. The dam line Y-L-50 (½ Y × ½ L) had higher total born per litter and piglets born alive, and YLP-75 (¹/₈ Y × ¹/₈ L × ³/₄ P) was associated with higher values of litter weight at birth (highest posterior density region at 95% = 9.92, 16.41 kg). There are relevant differences in kinematic variables between the assessed sire lines and the differences in morphometric and litter size variables were also relevant. The York-Landrace hybrid sows had higher total born per litter and piglets born alive, and there were relevant differences when compared with YLP-50 (¼ York × ¼ Landrace × ½ Pietrain). Differences in kinematic and morphometric variables between sire and dam lines related to fertility need to be further studied.  相似文献