Setting standards for good veterinary practice     

Clarke C 《The Journal of small animal practice》2004,45(9):475-476

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Haemoglobin oxygen affinity and regulating factors of the blood oxygen transport in canine and feline blood     

Cambier C  Wierinckx M  Clerbaux T  Detry B  Liardet MP  Marville V  Frans A  Gustin P 《Research in veterinary science》2004,77(1):83-88

Complete dynamic oxygen equilibrium curves (OEC) on dogs and cats whole blood were measured at 33, 37 and 41 degrees C. OEC were also run at three partial carbon dioxide pressures (20, 40 and 80 mmHg) as well as at five pH levels (7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6). 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentrations were determined. Results were compared to those previously published in humans, using the same experimental method [Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106 (1993) 687]. In standard conditions (pH 7.4, pCO2 40 mmHg and temperature 37 degrees C), the partial oxygen pressure at half-saturation of haemoglobin (p50) was 30.0+/-1.3 mmHg for dogs and 34.1+/-1.8 mmHg for cats. Cat's OEC was thus rightshifted compared to dog's OEC, itself rightshifted compared to human OEC. 2,3-DPG concentrations were higher in dogs than in men until they were very low in cats. Contrary to that observed in human medicine, no significant correlation was identified between standard p50 and canine 2,3-DPG values. Influence of pH, pCO2 and temperature on the OEC was saturation dependent. In dogs, Delta log p50/Delta pH was equal to -0.370, Delta log p50/Delta log pCO2 was 0.093 and Delta log p50/Delta T was 0.020. In cats, Delta log p50/Delta pH was equal to -0.405, Delta log p50/Delta log pCO2 was 0.080 and Delta log p50/Delta T was 0.016. Practically, temperature and pH variations exert a lesser influence in domestic carnivores than in humans, effect of pCO2 being similar in both.  相似文献   

Drilling to gabbro in intact ocean crust     

Wilson DS  Teagle DA  Alt JC  Banerjee NR  Umino S  Miyashita S  Acton GD  Anma R  Barr SR  Belghoul A  Carlut J  Christie DM  Coggon RM  Cooper KM  Cordier C  Crispini L  Durand SR  Einaudi F  Galli L  Gao Y  Geldmacher J  Gilbert LA  Hayman NW  Herrero-Bervera E  Hirano N  Holter S  Ingle S  Jiang S  Kalberkamp U  Kerneklian M  Koepke J  Laverne C  Vasquez HL  Maclennan J  Morgan S  Neo N  Nichols HJ  Park SH  Reichow MK  Sakuyama T  Sano T  Sandwell R  Scheibner B  Smith-Duque CE  Swift SA  Tartarotti P  Tikku AA  Tominaga M  Veloso EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5776):1016-1020

Sampling an intact sequence of oceanic crust through lavas, dikes, and gabbros is necessary to advance the understanding of the formation and evolution of crust formed at mid-ocean ridges, but it has been an elusive goal of scientific ocean drilling for decades. Recent drilling in the eastern Pacific Ocean in Hole 1256D reached gabbro within seismic layer 2, 1157 meters into crust formed at a superfast spreading rate. The gabbros are the crystallized melt lenses that formed beneath a mid-ocean ridge. The depth at which gabbro was reached confirms predictions extrapolated from seismic experiments at modern mid-ocean ridges: Melt lenses occur at shallower depths at faster spreading rates. The gabbros intrude metamorphosed sheeted dikes and have compositions similar to the overlying lavas, precluding formation of the cumulate lower oceanic crust from melt lenses so far penetrated by Hole 1256D.  相似文献   

Efficacy of ceftiofur and flunixin in the early treatment of bronchopneumonia in weaners     

Halloy DJ  Cambier C  Gustin PG 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(9):291-296

Three groups of five pigs were inoculated intratracheally with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides, and 24 hours later with 10 x 10(9) colony-forming units of a non-toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida type A; a fourth group was left uninoculated as controls. The three inoculated groups received either no treatment (positive controls), or were treated with 3 mg/kg ceftiofur intramuscularly once a day for five consecutive days, either alone or combined with 2 mg/kg flunixin intramuscularly once a day for three consecutive days. The sustained coughing and hyperthermia recorded in the positive controls disappeared after two days and three days of treatments, respectively, in the treated animals, and the reductions in daily weight gain and changes in breathing pattern observed in the controls were not observed in the treated animals. There were no significant differences between the pigs treated with ceftiofur alone or ceftiofur combined with flunixin. In the positive controls, the number of inflammatory cells in samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid continued to increase up to 15 days after inoculation, whereas in the treated animals there were similar increases at six days but the numbers had decreased to baseline levels after 15 days. Similarly, in the treated animals the volume of the lung lesions was significantly less than in the control animals, but the inclusion of flunixin in the treatment regimen had no significant additional effect.  相似文献   

Characterization of the most odor-active volatiles of orange wine made from a Turkish cv. Kozan (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)     

Selli S  Canbas A  Varlet V  Kelebek H  Prost C  Serot T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(1):227-234

The aroma-active compounds of cv. Turkish Kozan orange wine were analyzed by sensory and instrumental analyses. Liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane was used for extraction of volatile components. According to sensory analysis, the aromatic extract obtained by liquid-liquid extraction was representative of orange wine odor. A total of 63 compounds were identified and quantified in orange wine. The results of the gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis showed that 35 odorous compounds were detected by the panelists. Of these, 28 aroma-active compounds were identified. Alcohols followed by terpenes and esters were the most abundant aroma-active compounds of the orange wine. Among these compounds, ethyl butanoate (fruity sweet), 3-methyl-1-pentanol (roasty), linalool (floral citrusy), gamma-butyrolactone (cheesy burnt sugar), 3-(methylthio)-propanol (boiled potato, rubber), geraniol (floral citrusy), and 2-phenylethanol (floral rose) were the most important contributors to the aroma of the orange wine because they were perceived by all eight panelists.  相似文献   

Effect of apple particle state on the release of volatile compounds in a new artificial mouth device     

Arvisenet G  Billy L  Poinot P  Vigneau E  Bertrand D  Prost C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3245-3253

Varying the crushing parameters in a model mouth apparatus gave different crushed apple samples, which were compared to apples crushed in the human mouth by six people. An image analysis method was developed to measure the similarity between apple particles after crushing in the artificial mouth and in the human mouth. Thus, experimental conditions were determined that produced fruit in a state closest to that obtained after mastication in a human mouth. The influence of these different conditions on the quantity of released volatile compounds was then studied.  相似文献   

Foodfish Production Strategies Using 13‐cm and 19‐cm Hybrid Catfish, ♀Ictalurus punctatus ×  ♂Ictalurus furcatus     

Patrick Rees  Carole Engle  Nilima Renukdas 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(4):412-420

Most hybrid catfish, ♀Ictalurus punctatus × ♂Ictalurus furcatus, producers stock 18‐ to 19‐cm fingerlings in single‐batch production. While stocking smaller fingerlings would be less expensive, the economic trade‐offs of using smaller fingerlings is unknown. Two sizes of hybrid catfish fingerlings (13‐cm and 19‐cm) were stocked in single‐size treatments at 9884 head/ha and a multi‐size treatment with each size stocked at 9884 head/ha (total 19,768 head/ha). In the 13‐cm and 19‐cm single‐size treatments, 87 and 98%, respectively, reached market size in one season. In the multi‐size treatment, 77% of all fish stocked reached market size, demonstrating that more than half of the 13‐cm fish reached market size in this treatment. Gross, net, and marketable yields were significantly greater in the multi‐size treatment when compared to the 13‐cm or 19‐cm single‐size treatments, but were not significantly different between the two single‐size treatments. The 19‐cm single‐size treatment resulted in greater break‐even prices and economic risk than the other two treatments. This study demonstrated that 13‐cm hybrid catfish fingerlings can be raised economically in both single‐ and multi‐size production systems in the southern USA.  相似文献   

Cellular pathogenesis in prion diseases     

Crozet C  Beranger F  Lehmann S 《Veterinary research》2008,39(4):44

Prion diseases are characterised by neuronal loss, vacuolation (spongiosis), reactive astrocytosis, microgliosis and in most cases by the accumulation in the central nervous system of the abnormal prion protein, named PrP(Sc). In this review on the "cellular pathogenesis in prion diseases", we have chosen to highlight the main mechanisms underlying the impact of PrP(C)/PrP(Sc) on neurons: the neuronal dysfunction, the neuronal cell death and its relation with PrP(Sc) accumulation, as well as the role of PrP(Sc) in the microglial and astrocytic reaction.  相似文献   

The effect of colic on oxygen extraction in horses     

Cambier C  Wierinckx M  Grulke S  Clerbaux T  Serteyn D  Detry B  Liardet MP  Frans A  Gustin P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,175(1):102-107

Blood oxygen transport and oxygen extraction were assessed in horses with colic. A gravity score (GS) ranging from 1 to 3 was attributed to each colic case with healthy horses used as controls. Jugular venous and carotid arterial blood samples were collected and concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate, inorganic phosphate and chloride were determined. pH and partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PCO(2)), and oxygen (PO(2)) were also measured. Oxygen equilibrium curves (OEC) were constructed under standard conditions and oxygen extraction ratios calculated. Haemoglobin oxygen affinity measured under standard conditions (P50(std)) was unchanged in colic horses compared with healthy controls. Horses with the highest GS, i.e. 3 had lower blood pH values than healthy animals. Arterial and venous partial pressures of oxygen at 50% haemoglobin saturation (P50(a) and P50(v)) were significantly higher in horses suffering from colic (GS=3) than in healthy horses. The oxygen extraction ratio was also significantly increased in colic horses with a GS of 3. A rise in the oxygen extraction ratio detected in the most severely affected animals seemed to reflect the compensatory properties of the oxygen transport system where extraction of oxygen from the blood increases when systemic oxygen delivery decreases, as might be anticipated in horses with colic.  相似文献   

Overexpression of TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 mRNA in feline polymorphonuclear neutrophils exposed to Microsporum canis          下载免费PDF全文

Ludivine C. Cambier  Marie‐Pierre A.‐L. Heinen  Elena T. Bagut  Nadine A. Antoine  Bernard R. Mignon 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(2):78-e22

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