A retrospective study of the success of medical and surgical treatment of wild Australian raptors     

Holz P 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(9):551; author reply 552

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Maxillary deformity in a wild platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)     

Holz PH 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(11):752-752

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Protection of sheep by vaccination against experimental challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and L. interrogans serovar Pomona     

WJ Clough  PR Little  A Hodge  VC Chapman  DK Holz 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(3):138-143

AIMS: To evaluate a multivalent leptospiral and clostridial vaccine for prevention of renal colonisation and urinary shedding in sheep, following experimental challenge with New Zealand strains of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type Hardjobovis and L. interrogans serovar Pomona.

METHODS: Two separate but similarly designed studies were conducted. In both studies, Romney-cross lambs, aged 9–11 weeks, were randomly allocated to a vaccinated group and a control group. Vaccinated lambs each received two 1.5-mL S/C doses of a multivalent leptospiral and clostridial vaccine, 4 weeks apart, and animals in the control groups received the same dose of saline. Groups of 12 vaccinated and 12 control lambs were randomly selected in each study for challenge with serovars Hardjo or Pomona. Challenge was initiated 16 weeks following the second vaccination with three daily doses of live leptospires by intranasal and conjunctival routes. Following challenge, urine samples were collected weekly for 6 weeks, for dark field microscopy and leptospiral culture; 6 weeks after challenge the lambs were slaughtered and kidneys collected for leptospiral culture.

RESULTS: In lambs challenged with serovar Hardjo, 8/12 unvaccinated lambs had ≥1 urine or kidney sample that was positive for leptospires following culture, compared with 0/12 lambs in the vaccinated group (p=0.001). In lambs challenged with serovar Pomona, 9/12 unvaccinated lambs had ≥1 urine or kidney sample that was positive following culture, compared with 0/12 lambs in the vaccinated group (p<0.001). Prevention of renal colonisation and urinary shedding, expressed as the prevented fraction, was 100 (95% CI=61.7–100)% and 100 (95% CI=68.3–100)% against challenge with serovars Hardjo and Pomona, respectively, at 4 months after vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of a multivalent leptospiral and clostridial vaccine demonstrated protection against challenge from New Zealand strains of serovars of Hardjo and Pomona 4 months after vaccination in lambs first vaccinated at 9–11 weeks of age. Further studies are required to assess the duration of immunity against challenge in sheep.  相似文献   

A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats     

Bodil Bj?rndal  Marie S. Ramsvik  Carine Lindquist  Jan E. Nordrehaug  Inge Bruheim  Asbj?rn Svardal  Ottar Nyg?rd  Rolf K. Berge 《Marine drugs》2015,13(9):5706-5721

Seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from Antarctic krill on one-carbon metabolism and production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed isoenergetic control, 6%, or 11% PPC diets for four weeks. Rats fed PPC had reduced total homocysteine plasma level and increased levels of choline, dimethylglycine and cysteine, whereas the plasma level of methionine was unchanged compared to control. PPC feeding increased the plasma level of TMAO, carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. There was a close correlation between plasma TMAO and carnitine, trimethyllysine, and γ-butyrobetaine, but not between TMAO and choline. The present data suggest that PPC has a homocysteine lowering effect and is associated with altered plasma concentrations of metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism and B-vitamin status in rats. Moreover, the present study reveals a non-obligatory role of gut microbiota in the increased plasma TMAO level as it can be explained by the PPC’s content of TMAO. The increased level of carnitine and carnitine precursors is interpreted to reflect increased carnitine biosynthesis.  相似文献   

Effects of fungicide treatment,N-fertilisation and harvest date on arabinoxylan,endoxylanase activity and endoxylanase inhibitor levels in wheat kernels     

Emmie Dornez  Kurt Gebruers  Iris J. Joye  Bart De Ketelaere  Jonathan Lenartz  Carine Massaux  Bernard Bodson  Jan A. Delcour  Christophe M. Courtin 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008

Fungicide treatment had a significant impact on endoxylanase activity and XIP levels, but did not affect arabinoxylan (AX) and TAXI levels. The different response of TAXI and XIP type inhibitors to fungicide treatment is interesting. N-fertilisation did not affect AX levels, but significantly increased TAXI and XIP type inhibitor levels. Wheat-associated microbial endoxylanase activity levels were also affected by nitrogen supply, but levels of the endogenous enzyme did not change, except when sprouting occurred. The weather conditions before harvest had no influence on total AX (TOT-AX) and inhibitor levels, but had a large impact on both microbial and endogenous endoxylanase activity and water extractable AX (WE-AX) levels. Under most conditions, endoxylanase activity levels were related to those of α-amylases, liquefaction numbers (LN) and specific weights. WE-AX levels were often weakly but significantly correlated with endoxylanase activity levels, indicating that it is possible that part of the WE-AX in wheat originates from AX degradation by endoxylanases in the field. These results clearly indicate that agronomic circumstances significantly affect the levels of AX, endoxylanases and their inhibitors in wheat, and consequently could affect wheat quality.  相似文献   

Map-based cloning of the fertility restoration locus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rfm1</Emphasis> in cultivated barley (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hordeum vulgare</Emphasis>)     

Carine Rizzolatti  Paul Bury  Edouard Tatara  Pierre A. Pin  Nathalie Rodde  Hélène Bergès  Françoise Budar  Hakim Mireau  Jan J. L. Gielen 《Euphytica》2017,213(12):276

Hybridization technology has proven valuable in enhancing yields in many crops, but was only recently adopted in the small grain cereals. Hybrid varieties in barley (Hordeum vulgare) rely on the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system msm1 derived from Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. The major restorer gene described for the msm1 system is known as Rfm1 and maps to the top of chromosome 6H. To gain further insight into mechanisms underlying male fertility restoration in barley, we used a map-based cloning approach to identify the nuclear gene involved in the restoration mechanism of this hybridization system. Taking advantage of the available genomic resources in barley in combination with a custom-made non-gridded BAC library developed from a restorer line, we cloned and sequenced the Rfm1 restorer locus. The characterization and annotation of the nucleotide sequence for the Rfm1 restorer allele allowed for the identification of the candidate gene for Rfm1. The Rfm1 locus carries a tandem repeat of a gene encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. Surprisingly, Rfm1 belongs to the PLS-DYW subfamily of PPR genes known for their involvement in RNA editing in plants organelles, but that to date have not been identified as restorer genes.  相似文献   

Citrus x aurantium essential oil as feed additive improved growth performance,survival, metabolic,and oxidative parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)     

Jane Mello Lopes  Carine de Freitas Souza  Etiane Medianeira Hundertmarck Saccol  Maria Amlia Pavanato  Alfredo Antoniazzi  Monique Tomazele Rovani  Berta Maria Heinzmann  Bernardo Baldisserotto 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(2):310-318

The effects of dietary supplementation of graded level (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml/kg diet) of Citrus aurantium essential oil (EOCA) on the growth, metabolic, and oxidative parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) were investigated in a 60‐day growth trial. Fish fed with 2.0 ml EOCA per kg exhibited significantly better growth performance than those fed the control diet. Glucose, lactate, and protein levels in liver and muscle were altered significantly by dietary addition of EOCA. Hepatic lipid peroxidation levels, measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and lipid hydroperoxides assays, were reduced in animals receiving the diet containing EOCA. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher, while glutathione S‐transferase activity was lower in the liver of fish receiving 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml EOCA per kg of diet than in control. The nonprotein thiols content was higher in fish receiving the EOCA‐containing diet. Thus, dietary addition of EOCA improved growth, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters in silver catfish and could be useful as dietary supplement.  相似文献   

Resistance profiles of Botrytis cinerea populations to several fungicide classes on greenhouse tomato and strawberry in Lebanon     

Wassim Habib  Carine Saab  Robert Malek  Louis Kattoura  Caterina Rotolo  Elvis Gerges  Farah Baroudy  Stefania Pollastro  Francesco Faretra  Rita M. De Miccolis Angelini 《Plant pathology》2020,69(8):1453-1468

Tomato and strawberry are the most important protected crops in Lebanon and are seriously affected by grey mould disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea. In the present study, the fungicide sensitivity assays revealed medium to high frequencies of B. cinerea isolates resistant to benzimidazoles, dicarboximides, and anilinopyrimidines on tomato and strawberry. Fludioxonil- and boscalid-resistant mutants were uncommonly found at generally low frequency on both crops. Resistance to fenhexamid was detected in only one site on tomato but in most sites on strawberry with high frequencies, and the occurrence of resistance to QoI fungicides was ascertained on both crops. The majority of the tested isolates (>90%) exhibited multiple fungicide resistance, and isolates resistant to the seven antibotrydial fungicide classes were detected on strawberry in three locations. A high level of resistance was shown by B. cinerea mutants resistant to boscalid, fenhexamid, and QoI fungicides, while two levels of moderate and high resistance to anilinopyrimidines were identified. Genetic analysis revealed point mutations in the target genes commonly associated with resistance in B. cinerea isolates, with all mutants resistant to dicarboximides, fenhexamid, boscalid, and QoI fungicides carrying single-nucleotide polymorphims in BcOS1 (I365S/N, Q369P, and N373S), Erg27 (F412V/I), SdhB (H272R/Y), and cytb (G143A) genes, respectively. The general incorrect use of fungicides has caused the development and spread of fungicide resistance as a widespread phenomenon on protected tomato and strawberry in Lebanon. The implementation of appropriate antiresistance strategies is highly recommended.  相似文献   

The effect of root hairs on rhizosphere phosphatase activity     

Maire Holz  Mohsen Zarebanadkouki  Andrea Carminati  Joscha N. Becker  Marie Spohn 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(3):382-388

Background: Phosphatases in soil are of great importance for plant P acquisition. It is hypothesized that root hairs increase rhizosphere phosphatase activity as they release enzymes into soil and stimulate microbial activity. Methods: To test the effect of root hairs on soil phosphatase activity, we grew barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Pallas') wild type and its root‐hairless mutant in rhizoboxes and determined phosphatase activity using soil zymography. Measurements were done at three moisture levels (30, 15, and 5% VWC). Rhizosphere phosphatase activity was estimated for the two genotypes and two locations along the root [root tip region (0–4 cm behind tip) and mature roots (> 7 cm behind tip)]. Results: Rhizosphere phosphatase activity was similar in the two locations along the root (root tip region vs. mature root parts). In contrast, rhizosphere phosphatase extension was two times larger for the root tip region of the wild type than for the mutant at 30% and 15% VWC. However, as phosphatase activities at the root surface of tips and mature root parts were slightly higher for the mutant than for the wild type, average enzyme activities were unaffected by the genotype. Conclusions: We conclude that the mutant seems to compensate for the lack of root hairs by increased phosphatase activity close to the root surface. However, the increased rhizosphere phosphatase extension for the wild type may be equally efficient as it allows P mobilization and uptake from large soil volumes.  相似文献   

Beobachtungen über den Flug von Frühjahrsfrostspannern in Obstanlagen     

Dr. W. Holz 《Journal of pest science》1951,24(11):165-167

Zusammenfassung Die Anzahl der von uns im Frühjahr 1951 an Leimringen in 2 Obstanlagen gefangenen Frühjahrsfrostspanner der GattungenHibernia (Hib. leucophaearia Esp. undHib. marginaria F.),Anisopteryx (Anisopteryx aescularia Schiff.) undPhigalia (Phigalia pedaria F.) war nur sehr gering. Sie betrug nur wenige Prozente der im Winter gefangenen Frostspanner der GattungCheimatobia (Cheimatobia brumata L.). Diese Fangergebnisse stimmen sehr schön mit den Raupenauszählungen des BelgiersSoenen überein. Hiermit dürfte wenigstens für Nordwestdeutschland und Belgien klar erwiesen sein, daß die Frühjahrsfrostspannerarten für die häufig trotz Winterspritzung beobachteten stärkeren Fraßschädigungen an Apfelbäumen nicht verantwortlich gemacht werden können. Es wird die Frage des evtl. Windtransportes der jungen Räupchen vonCheimatobia brumata ventiliert.  相似文献