Computed tomography of the vertebral column and coelomic structures in the normal loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)     

Valente AL  Cuenca R  Zamora M  Parga ML  Lavin S  Alegre F  Marco I 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(2):362-370

The aim of this study was to determine the normal computed tomography (CT) appearance of the vertebral column and coelomic structures of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and to use three-dimensional (3D) and multiplanar reconstructions to indicate the position of each organ in relation to the vertebrae and carapace. Transverse sections of 1mm thickness were performed in seven clinically healthy and in five dead loggerhead sea turtles using multi-detector CT equipment. A computer workstation was used for multiplanar and 3D reconstructions. Dead turtles were frozen and sectioned in the transverse, dorsal and sagittal planes to compare the anatomical structures' appearance with CT images. Clinically relevant organs including the oesophagus, stomach, trachea, bronchi, lungs, liver, gallbladder, heart, spleen, kidneys and vertebral canal were identified in CT images. Computed tomography provides detailed information on the respiratory system and skeleton; the location of the coelomic structures with respect to the carapace and the vertebrae that is provided in this work will facilitate the use of other ancillary diagnostic techniques such as ultrasound, radiography and biopsy, thereby improving safety of access in surgical procedures.  相似文献   

Genetic variability of Fusarium fujikuroi populations associated with bakanae of rice in Italy          下载免费PDF全文

M. T. Valente  F. Desiderio  A. Infantino  G. Valè  P. Abbruscato  M. Aragona 《Plant pathology》2017,66(3):469-479

The heterothallic ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi) is the causal agent of bakanae of rice, a disease of increasing economic importance in the major rice‐producing areas in the world and a serious threat for Italian rice cultivation. A few studies have characterized F. fujikuroi isolates in America and the Philippines but no data are available on the genetic structure of Italian pathogen populations. Microsatellite SSRs are useful tools to study the intraspecific diversity at population level. In this study, 19 polymorphic SSRs have been identified and applied to characterize the genetic variation of 334 isolates of F. fujikuroi coming from eight Italian rice‐growing areas. A high degree of diversity at haplotype level has emerged: in the eight populations, 107 unique haplotypes were scored. Analysis of molecular variance (amova ) showed that 98% of genetic variability occurred within F. fujikuroi Italian populations, as confirmed by the allelic Shannon index ranging from 0.56 to 1.06. The presence of a 1:1 ratio of mating type alleles in six out of eight of the Italian fungal populations suggests a potential for sexual reproduction in the field. However, the high fraction of clonality (43%), confirmed by neighbour‐joining clustering analysis, and the high level of linkage disequilibrium observed, indicates that reproduction of F. fujikuroi is mostly clonal in Italy. All data suggest that the observed genetic variability was probably mediated by human activity and transmission by rice seeds.  相似文献   

Apparent digestibility coefficients of European grain legumes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)          下载免费PDF全文

S.C.Q. Magalhães  A.R.J. Cabrita  P. Valentão  P.B. Andrade  P. Rema  M.R.G. Maia  L.M.P. Valente  A.J.M. Fonseca 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):332-340

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), lipids, starch and gross energy (GE) of six European varieties of grain legumes, namely chickpea‐type Kabuli (CHK), chickpea‐type Desi (CHD), field pea (FP), faba bean (FB), white lupin (WL) and chickling vetch (CV), in rainbow trout and Nile tilapia juveniles. The ADCs were measured using a reference diet and six experimental diets (700 g/kg of the reference diet and 300 g/kg of each raw grain legume) containing 10 g/kg chromic oxide as inert marker. Additionally, grain legumes were analysed for the organic acids profile. In rainbow trout, FP presented the highest ADCs of DM, CP and GE, whereas chickpeas and FB had the lowest DM, GE and starch ADC values. In Nile tilapia, the lowest values of nutrients (except starch) and energy ADCs were found for FP and CV. Nutrients and energy of chickpeas, WL and FB were better digested by tilapia, whereas FP was better digested by trout. Overall results reveal raw grain legumes as promising feed sources for both fish species.  相似文献   

Effects of stocking density on reared Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) larval growth,muscle development and fatty acids composition in a recirculating aquaculture system     

Lucia Aidos  Mauro Vasconi  Francesco Abbate  Luisa M. P. Valente  Marco Lanfranchi  Alessia Di Giancamillo 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):588-598

This study evaluated the effects of rearing density on muscle growth and development in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) larvae. Three different stocking densities were tested: low (LD, 30 larvae/l), mid (MD, 80 larvae/l) and high (HD, 150 larvae/l) in a recirculating aquaculture system. Larvae were sampled at hatching (T0), schooling (T1) and complete yolk‐sac absorption (T2) stage and were weighed and processed for muscle tissue histometrical analyses and for qualitative morphological study analyses; fatty acid profile was also determined by Gas Chromatography—Flame Ionization Detector analysis. Low‐density larvae presented a higher weight than MD or HD at T2 (p < 0.05). Histometrical analysis revealed that total muscle area was similar at T1 and T2, but higher than T0, while it was lower at HD at schooling (p < 0.05). The fatty acid profile revealed no differences between densities while, during development, there was a selective consumption: sparing or increasing of essential fatty acids to the detriment of their precursors. Our study suggests that lower densities appear to be more suitable to rear Siberian sturgeon in this particular stage of development. Indeed, larvae reared at the lower density were heavier and longer while larvae reared at the higher density showed lower muscle proliferation rate. As a consequence, LD larvae may exert an increase of potential growth at a mid‐long term.  相似文献   

Expression of the myosin light chains 1, 2 and 3 in the muscle of blackspot seabream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagellus bogaraveo</Emphasis>, Brunnich), during development     

P. Silva  D. M. Power  L. M. P. Valente  N. Silva  R. A. F. Monteiro  E. Rocha 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(4):1125-1132

Previous studies on the histochemistry and immunoreactivity of fibres in lateral muscle of blackspot seabream indicated that there is a developmental transition in the composition of myofibrillar proteins, which presumably reflects changes in contractile function as the fish grows. We hypothesize that the phenomenon underscores age and spatial differences in the expression of myosin light chains (MLC), not studied yet in this species. In this study, we examined selected stages in the post-hatching development of the muscle of blackspot seabream: hatching (0 days), mouth opening (5 days), weaning (40 days) and juveniles (70 days). The spatial expression of embryonic MLC 1 (MLC1), 2 (MLC2) and 3 (MLC3) was studied by in situ hybridization. Overall, MLC expression patterns were overlapping and restricted to the fast muscle. At hatching and mouth opening, all MLC types were highly expressed throughout the musculature in fast muscle. The expression levels in fast muscle remained high until weaning when germinal zones appeared on the dorsal and ventral areas. The germinal zones were characterized by small-diameter fast fibres with high levels of MLC expression. This pattern persisted up to day 70, when the germinal zones disappeared and expression of MLCs was observed only in the smaller cells of the fast muscle mosaic. These results support our hypothesis and, together with previous imuno- and histochemistry results, allow a better understanding of the mechanism of muscle differentiation and growth in fish beyond larval stages, and form- the basis for further comparative and experimental studies with this economically relevant species.  相似文献   

Growth and nutrient utilisation of blackspot seabream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagellus bogaraveo</Emphasis>) under different feeding regimes     

A. Cláudia Figueiredo-Silva  Geneviève Corraze  Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches  Joaquim Gutiérrez  Luísa M. P. Valente 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(4):1113-1124

The growth and nutrient utilization of blackspot seabream was studied under self-feeding or hand feeding for 90 days. Groups of 31 fish with an initial body weight of 24 g were fed either by hand two times a day (09:00, and 18:00 h) to apparent satiety or by self-feeders. The 90 days of the feeding trial included two periods: an adaptation period (30 days) required to achieve a constant number of feed demands per day and a subsequent experimental period (60 days). Final body weight and daily growth index were unaffected by the feeding regimes. However, the marked reduction in voluntary feed intake associated with similar nutrient gain on the self-fed group resulted in improved nutrient efficiency and in subsequent increased protein, lipid and energy retentions compared to fish hand-fed at set hours. The self-fed group displayed depressed malic (<62%) and fatty acid synthetase (<35%) activities as well as reduced triacylglycerol plasma levels, which correlated positively with feed intake and, at some extent, with fish lipid content. These results indicate the ability of blackspot seabream to adjust their lipid metabolism according to fish feeding rhythm. No effect of feeding method was however observed on glycolytic hepatic activities or on glucose, cholesterol and insulin plasma levels. Self-feeders led to similar growth (DGI, 1.4–1.5) but better efficiency (FCR, 1.0 vs. 1.5), and hence, can be regarded as a helpful tool to optimize feed distribution according to this species natural rhythm. The maximal number of demands occurring between 20:00 and 21:00 h (dusk/sunset), together with the fact that 61% of the feed demands took place during the night, reveals a preferential crepuscular/nocturnal feeding pattern of this species.  相似文献   

Replacement of fishmeal by increasing levels of plant protein blends in diets for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles     

E.M. Cabral  M. Bacelar  S. Batista  M. Castro-Cunha  R.O.A. Ozório  L.M.P. Valente 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2011

A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth potential and nutrient utilization of Senegalese sole fed diets containing increasing replacement levels of dietary fishmeal (FM) by mixtures of plant protein (PP) sources. Six extruded isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (55% crude protein and 8% crude fat on a dry matter basis) were fed to juvenile sole (mean initial body weight: 8 g ± 0.06) during 92 days. A reference diet containing FM as the main protein source (Control) was compared with five PP based-diets with increasing PP levels: 25% (PP25), 35% (PP35), 45% (PP45), 60% (PP60) and 75% (PP75). PP45, PP60 and PP75 diets were supplemented with crystalline amino acids to simulate the level present in the Control diet. The environmental impact of the tested diets was assessed through the determination of N and P budgets and calculating approximate Fish-in:Fish-out (Fi:Fo) ratios. Fish fed PP25 and PP75 reached a final body weight and daily growth index (DGI) similar to the Control group (P > 0.05). Diet PP45 displayed the lowest DGI (0.8 vs 1.3%), lowest protein efficiency ratio (1.03 vs 1.8) and highest FCR (1.7 vs 1.01). The dietary treatments with highest percentage of FM replacement (PP60 and PP75) displayed similar FCR values as the Control (1.2–1.0). Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein varied between 77 and 85% and were not significantly affected by the PP inclusion level. Whole body protein and energy content did not differ significantly among treatments, but protein gain was significantly higher in the Control group compared to PP35, PP45 and PP60 groups. The results indicate that Senegalese sole can effectively cope with plant protein-based diets, but growth rate and nutrient gain mainly depend on the selection of adequate plant protein blends, rather than on the plant protein incorporation level. Sole fed the highest PP level (PP75) showed good growth performance, efficient dietary nutrient utilization and a lower Fi:Fo ratio compared to the Control. The present results clearly show that increasing FM replacement level can have a positive environmental impact as reduces P fecal waste and the fishmeal used per kg of sole produced.  相似文献   

Influence of temperature on muscle fibre hyperplasia and hypertrophy in larvae of blackspot seabream,Pagellus bogaraveo     

Paula Silva  Luísa Maria Pinheiro Valente  Mercedes Olmedo  Blanca Álvarez‐Blázquez  Maria Helena Galante  Rogério Alves Ferreira Monteiro  Eduardo Rocha 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(3):331-340

The effects of temperature on Pagellus bogaraveo muscle cellularity were investigated, by morphometry, throughout the endogenous feeding stage, testing two rearing temperatures: 14 and 18 °C. The following parameters were estimated in transversal body sections at post‐opercular and post‐anal body levels: the total cross‐sectional muscle area, the total number of fibres and the mean cross‐sectional fibre area. At hatching, no significant influence of the temperature was observed on the morphometric parameters measured in the white muscle. At mouth opening, an increase in the number of post‐opercular white fibres was promoted by the highest temperature. During embryonic development, the red muscle fibre number in the post‐anal part of the larvae increased with higher temperature, but it appears that the difference was no longer present at mouth opening. An increase in the fibre area and in the total cross‐sectional area of red muscle at the post‐anal level was promoted by a 4 °C increase in the temperature during the vitelline phase. In conclusion, the axial musculature of blackspot seabream embryos/larvae reacted differently to temperature influence according to the body location, strongly supporting the need to look at and account for different body locations when evaluating muscle cellularity in fish, namely in growth/aquaculture‐related studies.  相似文献   

Feed intake and growth performance of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) fed diets with partial replacement of fish meal with plant proteins     

Joana M G Silva  Marit Espe  Luís E C Conceição  Jorge Dias  Benjamin Costas  Luísa M P Valente 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e20-e30

To be able to study nutrient requirement and utilization in any species, a diet supporting normal feed intake and growth equally well as a traditional fish meal‐based diet is needed. Additionally the formulation of the diet should allow low levels of the nutrient under study. When studying the amino acid metabolism and requirements, one cannot rely on the fish meal‐based diets as fish meal are nicely balanced according to requirements. Therefore the current study aimed to develop a plant protein‐based diet (with low fish meal inclusion) to be used in the nutritional studies of Senegalese sole juveniles supporting feed intake and growth close to that obtained in a fish meal‐based control feed. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate whether Senegalese sole juveniles would accept and utilize diets containing high plant protein inclusion. For testing the acceptance of high plant protein inclusion, two diets were formulated: a reference diet that contained fish meal as the main protein source (450 g kg^?1 dry matter) whereas in the test diet, fish meal was substituted by a mixture of plant ingredients (soybean meal, corn and wheat gluten) with l ‐lysine supplementation. In order to improve the palatability, 50 g kg^?1 squid meal was added to both diets. The indispensable amino acids (IAA) profile of the test diet was made similar to the control diet by adding crystalline amino acids. Further, automatic feeders were used to improve the feed intake. Fish (24 g initial body weight) were fed the diets for a period of 4 weeks. As fish accepted both diets equally well, a second study was undertaken to test the growth performance. Fish (6 g initial BW) were fed the diets for a period of 12 weeks. The use of automatic feeders to deliver the feed and the addition of both squid and balancing the indispensable amino acids resulted in growth performance and accretion not differing from the fish meal fed control. It can be concluded that juvenile Senegalese sole are able to grow and utilize high plant‐protein diets when both diet composition and feeding regime are adequate for this species.  相似文献   

Dietary intake of different types and characteristics of processed meat which might be associated with cancer risk--results from the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)     

Linseisen J  Rohrmann S  Norat T  Gonzalez CA  Dorronsoro Iraeta M  Morote Gómez P  Chirlaque MD  Pozo BG  Ardanaz E  Mattisson I  Pettersson U  Palmqvist R  Van Guelpen B  Bingham SA  McTaggart A  Spencer EA  Overvad K  Tjønneland A  Stripp C  Clavel-Chapelon F  Kesse E  Boeing H  Klipstein-Grobusch K  Trichopoulou A  Vasilopoulou E  Bellos G  Pala V  Masala G  Tumino R  Sacerdote C  Del Pezzo M  Bueno-de-Mesquita HB  Ocke MC  Peeters PH  Engeset D  Skeie G  Slimani N  Riboli E 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):449-464

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