Poverty in Canada     

Carlton Gyles 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(10):1009-1010

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Quiz Corner �� A reply     

Carlton Gyles 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(5):457

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Influence of asparaginase on a combination chemotherapy protocol for canine multicentric lymphoma     

Jeffreys AB  Knapp DW  Carlton WW  Thomas RM  Bonney PL  Degortari A  Lucroy MD 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2005,41(4):221-226

Combination chemotherapy is superior to single-agent chemotherapy for treating canine lymphoma, but the effect of each drug on efficacy remains unknown. By comparing 34 dogs treated with a modified cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone (COP) chemotherapy protocol and 42 dogs given asparaginase in the induction phase of the same protocol, the effect of asparaginase on the chemotherapeutic protocol was determined. Both groups were compared based on clinical response at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, and on the progression-free interval. Asparaginase did not significantly increase the likelihood of a clinical remission or prolong the initial progression-free interval in the dogs studied.  相似文献   

Immunization of pigs with a purified Shiga-like toxin II variant toxoid.   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

D L MacLeod  C L Gyles 《Veterinary microbiology》1991,29(3-4):309-318

Passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies and active immunization with a toxoid of purified Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIv, edema disease toxin) were used to protect pigs against challenge with SLT-IIv. Six 6-week-old pigs were passively immunized by intraperitoneal administration of an immunoglobulin preparation from porcine antiserum against purified SLT-IIv. Six 6-week-old pigs and twelve 2-week-old pigs were actively immunized by two intramuscular injections of 25 micrograms of SLT-IIv toxoid given 2 weeks apart. The 24 immunized pigs and an equal number of age-matched unimmunized control pigs were all challenged by intravenous injection of purified SLT-IIv (6 ng/kg body weight). The six passively immunized pigs acquired neutralizing SLT-IIv antibody titers of 1280 or 2560 and the 18 actively immunized pigs mounted a serum immune response with toxin neutralizing titers ranging from 128 to 10,240. All 24 immunized pigs survived the challenge but nine pigs with the lowest titers showed mild clinical signs of edema disease. All 24 control pigs died within 30 hours of challenge.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of the Rabbit and Pig Gut Loop Systems for the Assay of Escherichia coli Enterotoxin   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

S. Larivire  C. L. Gyles    D. A. Barnum 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1972,36(4):319-328

A comparison was made between segments of pig and rabbit small intestine in their response to heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) preparations from porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Either whole cell lysates or dialysed broth culture supernatants were used as sources of LT and soft agar culture fluids as a source of ST. Whole cell lysates of all thirteen LT-producing E. coli strains tested regularly elicited fluid accumulation in rabbit gut loops. Whole cell lysates of certain E. coli strains considered to be nonenteropathogenic in pigs could also elicit a positive response in rabbit gut loops. When graded doses of LT were tested in pig and rabbit gut loops, the rabbit was more sensitive and is therefore considered preferable to the pig for quantitation of LT. In the rabbit, upper (jejunal) and lower (ileal) small intestine were compared for their response to LT and it was found that ileal loops were twice as sensitive but more prone to false positive reactions. When soft agar culture fluids of several enteropathogenic E. coli strains were tested in the rabbit, the response was inconsistent, and it was concluded that the rabbit is unsuitable for the assay of the heat-stable enterotoxin.  相似文献   

Production of diarrhea in pigs in response to Escherichia coli enterotoxin   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J B Stevens  C L Gyles  D A Barnum 《American journal of veterinary research》1972,33(12):2511-2526

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Effect of ascorbic acid on copper deficiency in miniature swine     

R W Voelker  W W Carlton 《American journal of veterinary research》1969,30(10):1825-1830

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Tyzzer's disease in a dog.     

S R Qureshi  W W Carlton  H J Olander 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1976,168(7):602-604

A 5-week-old mixed-breed dog was examined because of emaciation and depression associated with chronic anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting. Its rectal temperature was subnormal and it died on the day of admission. At necropsy, small focal lesions were distributed through the liver. Enteric alterations included catarrhal enteritis with fluid contents, excess production of mucus, and mucosal hyperemia. Microscopically, the hepatic lesions were disseminated foci of coagulative necrosis, with little or no associated inflammatory cell response. Numerous organisms morphologically consistent with Bacillus piliformis were demonstrated within viable hepatocytes at the periphery of the necrotic foci and in the intestinal mucosa. Numerous coccidial forms were found within the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, which was focally necrotic.  相似文献   

Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs: an update on bacterial types, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Fairbrother JM  Nadeau E  Gyles CL 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2005,6(1):17-39

Escherichia coli is one of the most important causes of postweaning diarrhea in pigs. This diarrhea is responsible for economic losses due to mortality, morbidity, decreased growth rate, and cost of medication. The E. coli causing postweaning diarrhea mostly carry the F4 (K88) or the F18 adhesin. Recently, an increase in incidence of outbreaks of severe E. coli-associated diarrhea has been observed worldwide. The factors contributing to the increased number of outbreaks of this more severe form of E. coli-associated diarrhea are not yet fully understood. These could include the emergence of more virulent E. coli clones, such as the 0149:LT:STa:STb:EAST1:F4ac, or recent changes in the management of pigs. Development of multiple bacterial resistance to a wide range of commonly used antibiotics and a recent increase in the prevalence and severity of the postweaning syndromes will necessitate the use of alternative measures for their control. New vaccination strategies include the oral immunization of piglets with live avirulent E. coli strains carrying the fimbrial adhesins or oral administration of purified F4 (K88) fimbriae. Other approaches to control this disease include supplementation of the feed with egg yolk antibodies from chickens immunized with F4 or F18 adhesins, breeding of F18- and F4-resistant animals, supplementation with zinc and/ or spray-dried plasma, dietary acidification, phage therapy, or the use of probiotics. To date, not a single strategy has proved to be totally effective and it is probable that the most successful approach on a particular farm will involve a combination of diet modification and other preventive measures.  相似文献   

Prevention of edema disease in pigs by passive immunization.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

M Johansen  L O Andresen  L K Thomsen  M E Busch  H Wachmann  S E Jorsal    C L Gyles 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2000,64(1):9-14

The effect of treatment with verotoxin 2e (VT2e) specific antiserum was evaluated in 3 Danish pig herds with edema disease (ED). The antiserum was prepared by immunizing horses with a VT2e toxoid. The study was performed as a randomized blind field trial with parallel treatment and control groups. There were approximately 50 piglets in each group in each of the 3 herds and 741 piglets were included in the study (244 from herd A, 249 from herd B, and 247 from herd C). Treatment groups received 2, 4, or 6 mL anti-VT2e serum intramuscularly the day before weaning. Control groups were treated with 6 mL normal horse serum or 6 mL RPMI 1640 medium as placebo. All pigs that died in the trial period (1 d before weaning to 44 d after weaning) were examined pathologically and microbiologically. Mortality due to ED, mortality due to other causes, and adverse effects due to treatment were recorded. As there was no mortality due to ED, herd B was excluded from statistical calculations on mortality. The content of horse antibodies specific to VT2e in serum from pigs was analyzed in an indirect ELISA. A higher dose of anti-VT2e serum was reflected in higher optical density values in the indirect ELISA. Transient adverse reactions, seen as vomiting, ataxia, and cyanosis, occurred shortly after the injection of horse serum in 1.5% of the pigs, and one pig died. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality due to other causes among the 3 treatment groups in herds A and C. Only pigs from which F18+, VT2e+, ST-, LT- hemolytic E. coli (0139 or O-rough) was isolated were diagnosed as dead due to ED. Deaths due to ED in the control groups were 8.1% and 12.0% in herds A and C, respectively, compared with 0% and 0.7% in the corresponding serum groups. The difference between treatment and control groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001). It was not possible to establish an effect of dose (2, 4, or 6 mL) of anti-VT2e serum, because only one pig died of ED in the treatment groups. It was concluded that passive immunization by intramuscular injection of a VT2e-specific antiserum can be used for protecting piglets against ED.  相似文献