Ripening-related defense proteins in Annona fruit     

Oscar Goñi  María T. Sanchez-Ballesta  Carmen Merodio  María I. Escribano 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2010,55(3):169-173

In order to obtain a better understanding of the active defense strategy of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) fruit, hydrolytic and antifungal activity, as well as expression of proteins functionally and immunogenically related to the pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase (PR-Q) and 1,3-β-glucanase (PR-2), were estimated in fruit at different ripening stages. Increase in expression of the 27 kDa constitutive chitinase and the induction of two new proteins, a 26 kDa chitinase and a 51 kDa 1,3-β-glucanase were associated with enhanced in vitro hydrolytic and antifungal activity of the acidic protein extract in ripe fruit. Ripening modified the expression of constitutive basic isoenzymes, with a sharp decrease in both relative accumulation and hydrolytic activity. Likewise, a new basic 33 kDa chitinase was induced in the over-ripe fruit, concomitant with accumulation of a basic constitutive 76 kDa 1,3-β-glucanase. At this stage, the basic protein extract modified in vitro growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea. Short-term high CO₂ treatment delayed fruit ripening and maintained a similar distribution of activity and isoenzymatic pattern in both protein fractions to that in unripe fruit. These results indicate that the changes in the pattern of defense proteins and hydrolytic activity in cherimoyas appear to be associated with ripening. Moreover, unlike the constitutively expressed isoenzymes, only the transitorily induced chitinases and 1,3-β-glucanases were associated with an active defense-related response.  相似文献   

Inhibition of pheromone action in Sesamia nonagrioides by Haloacetate analogues     

Magi Riba  Matilde Eizaguirre  Albert Sans  Carmen Quero  Angel Guerrero 《Pest management science》1994,41(2):97-103

The electrophysiological activity of some halogenated analogues of the major component of the sex pheromone of the corn stalk borer Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (1) is presented. The analogues comprise a series of fluoro-, chloro- and bromoacetate analogues 4 – 10 as well as trifluoromethyl ketone 11. The fluoro derivatives 4 – 6 displayed remarkable electro-antennogram (EAG) intrinsic activities in comparison with the parent acetate 1, while the remaining analogues elicited significantly lower response. The compounds have also been tested as inhibitors of the sex pheromone perception in EAG and in the field. In the laboratory. fluoro analogues 4 – 6 were better inhibitors than chloro derivatives 7 – 9 , which in turn behaved similarly to the bromoacetate 10 . Trifluoromethyl ketone 11, however, was a poor inhibitor of the pheromone action. In the field, baits of mixtures of compounds 5 – 11 with the corn stalk borer pheromone in 10 :1 ratio inhibited the concomitant attraction of the clover cutworm moth Scotogramma irifolii Rott., while the difluoro analogue 5, trichloroacetate 9 and trifluoromethyl ketone 11 also diminished the number of catches of the armyworm Mythimna unipuncta Haw. The monofluoroacetate 4. trifluoro analogue 6 and bromo derivative 10 significantly disrupted the pheromone action of the corn borer, whereas trifluoromethyl ketone 11 synergistically increased the number of males attracted to the pheromone trap alone. Addition of 11 to baits containing the corn borer pheromone caught S. nonagrioides selectively with regard to the other habitat-sharing species M. unipuncta and S. trifolii.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen zum endophytischen Befall von Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg in geernteten Stangen von Spargel (Asparagus officinalis L.)     

Monika Goßmann  Sylvia Kleta  Hans-Ullrich Humpf  Carmen Büttner 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(2-3):53-58

Zusammenfassung Erstmalig wurden mit den vorliegenden Untersuchungen Spargelstangen zur Haupterntezeit auf endophytischen Pilzbefall untersucht. Sie zeigen, dass im Ernteprodukt zwar Fusarium proliferatum als potenzieller Mykotoxinbildner zu finden ist. Eine mögliche natürliche Kontamination mit Fumonisinen bestätigte sich nicht. Von den mit F. proliferatum infizierten Stangen wies nur eine Stange mit grau-rosa-orange farbenen Gewebeveränderungen an der Basis sichtbare Symptome auf. Allgemeine Rückschlüsse auf eine mögliche Gefährdung oder Nichtgefährdung des Verbrauchers beim Verzehr von mit F. proliferatum kontaminierten, symptomlosen Stangen können aus der Analyse nicht gezogen werden. Hierzu müssen weitergehende Untersuchungen zur Wirt-Pathogen-Interaktion erfolgen und die phänotypischen und genotypischen Einflussfaktoren in diesem Prozess noch näher untersucht werden.  相似文献   

Broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome. I. Increased right ventricular mass in broilers experimentally infected with Aegyptianella pullorum     

F W Huchzermeyer  J A Cilliers  C D Diaz Lavigne  R A Bartkowiak 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1987,54(2):113-114

Infection with the obligatory intra-erythrocytic anaplasma-like rickettsia Aegyptianella pullorum in 4-week-old broilers at a moderate altitude of 1,200 m produced a significant increase in the mean relative right ventricular (RV) mass (RV: TV) from 0.23 in the controls to 0.31 in the infected group. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of birds suffering from severe RV hypertrophy from 14.3% in the controls to 50% in the infected group. Pulmonary hypertension and subsequent RV hypertrophy could have been caused by the severe anaemia experienced in the course of the infection or by metabolic or biochemical action of A. pullorum. As the agent does not occur on commercial broiler farms, it cannot play a practical role in the broiler ascites syndrome.  相似文献   

Immunoelectrophoresis of normal pig serum     

J Tormo  A Chordi  A Rodriguez-Burgos  R Diaz 《The Veterinary record》1967,81(16):392-395

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Hip dysplasia in a 6-year-old Salz ram          下载免费PDF全文

Loste A  Ramos JJ  Sáez T  Sever R  Marca MC 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(2):140-142

A 6-year old Salz ram was presented with a history of poor body condition, progressive gait abnormalities, pelvic limb lameness, and difficulty with copulation. Based on the history, clinical signs, hip palpation, and radiography, a diagnosis of hip dysplasia, previously unreported in sheep, was made.  相似文献   

Effect of day of the estrous cycle at the initiation of a timed artificial insemination protocol on reproductive responses in dairy heifers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moreira F  de la Sota RL  Diaz T  Thatcher WW 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(6):1568-1576

Our objectives were to identify stages of the estrous cycle at which initiation of a timed artificial insemination (Ovsynch/TAI) protocol may reduce pregnancy rates and to monitor ovarian follicle dynamics and corpus luteum development after initiation of the Ovsynch/TAI protocol at different stages of the cycle. Cycling Holstein heifers (n = 24) were injected twice with prostaglandin F2alpha to induce estrus and were scanned by ovarian ultrasonography to determine the day of ovulation (d 0). Heifers were assigned to initiate the Ovsynch/TAI protocol at d 2 (n = 5), 5 (n = 5), 10 (n = 4), 15 (n = 5), or 18 (n = 5) of the cycle. The Ovsynch/TAI was initiated with an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist followed 7 d later with an injection of prostaglandin F2alpha. At 36 h after injection of prostaglandin F2alpha, heifers were injected with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and inseminated 16 h later. Heifers were scanned daily during the Ovsynch/TAI protocol and every other day after insemination until 16 d later. Blood samples were collected daily starting at the 1st day heifers were scanned and continued until 16 d after insemination. Initiation of the Ovsynch/TAI protocol at d 15 of the estrous cycle caused heifers to ovulate prior to insemination. A shortened return to estrus (< 16 d) was caused by ovulation failure to the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection, by incomplete regression of the corpus luteum, and by short life-span of the induced corpus luteum. Day of the cycle in which the Ovsynch/TAI protocol is initiated affects dynamics of follicular development, plasma progesterone profiles, and occurrence of premature ovulation. Size of the pre-ovulatory follicle was associated positively with subsequent progesterone concentrations following insemination.  相似文献   

Comparative study of the characteristics of the carcass and the meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian pig, reared indoors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Miguel GALIÁN  Begoña PEINADO  Carmen MARTÍNEZ  María J. PERIAGO  Gaspar ROS  Angel POTO 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):659-667

The Chato Murciano pig is a breed catalogued as a Special Protection breed in danger of extinction. At present it is commonly reared in an intensive system. We have studied the mineral composition and other characteristics of its carcass and meat. Samples from the Musculus longissimus lumborum were taken from a total number of 43 animals, divided into two groups, Chato Murciano and Chato Murciano crossed with Iberian, reared in a conventional indoor system. The resulting meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian was especially rich in iron and copper, rich in phosphorus, and marginally poor in calcium and sodium. The evolution of the pH of the carcass was that of pigs which do not produce PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat. Some relevant positive correlation coefficients between minerals (P ≤ 0.05) have been found.  相似文献   

The socioeconomics and management of Santiago de Chile''s public urban forests   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Francisco J. Escobedo  David J. Nowak  John E. Wagner  Carmen Luz De la Maza  Manuel Rodríguez  Daniel E. Crane  Jaime Hernndez 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2006,4(3-4):105-114

Santiago, Chile's semi-arid climate and urbanized environment poses a severe limitation for the establishment and maintenance of urban forests. Municipalities, or comunas, are the main stakeholders in the management of Santiago's public urban forests. A tenable hypothesis would be that as the socioeconomic level of a comuna increases, the better the condition of a comuna's urban forest. Unfortunately, there is little comprehensive information on management, public expenditure, and structure of Santiago's public and private urban forests. To examine this hypothesis, Santiago was divided into socioeconomic strata, then using air photo interpretation and stratified field sampling, urban forest structures were quantified by socioeconomic strata. In addition, interview surveys were used to determine municipal urban forest management and expenditures for different public urban forests based on socioeconomic strata. Urban forests in the high socioeconomic strata had fewer public trees, greater tree cover, tree and leaf area density, and leaf area index than lower socioeconomic strata. The percentage of total municipal budget allocated to public urban forest management was consistent among strata, but the total public urban forest budgets were greater in the high socioeconomic strata. Public urban forest structure is related to the socioeconomic strata of Santiago's different comunas.  相似文献   

Artenspektrum und Befallshäufigkeit von Fusarium spp. in Bt- und konventionellem Mais im Maiszünsler-Befallsgebiet Oderbruch     

Matthias Saß  Markus Schorling  Monika Goßmann  Carmen Büttner 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2007,59(3):119-125

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is one of the most important pests of maize (Zea mays). Injuries to the plants caused by the larvae of the European corn borer may represent entrance gates for fungal-spores. The cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis maize (Bt-maize) is one possibility to reduce infestation by the European corn borer. The aim of the present project was to determine and to compare the number of species and the frequency of Fusarium spp. infestation in Bt-maize (cry1Ab) and conventional maize. In 2003, we analysed the Fusarium spp. infestation of samples of chaffed Bt-maize and its isogenic variety on two experimental fields in the Oderbruch region (Germany), an European corn borer infested area. The conventional variety on the first of the experimental fields (previous crop wheat and forking cultivation) showed a small infestation (16%) of Ostrinia nubilalis while in the conventional variety on the second field (previous crop maize and not forking cultivation) the infestation of the European corn borer was almost three times higher (47%). In the conventional variety on both of the experimental fields we found a high Fusarium spp. infestation (70%). Especially species of the section Liseola dominates, among them: F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum und F. verticillioides. The Fusarium infestation in the samples of Bt-maize from the field with previous crop wheat and forking cultivation was just as high as in the conventional variety (70%). The infestation of Fusarium spp. in the samples of Bt-maize from the field with previous crop maize and forking cultivation was more than 20?% lower.  相似文献