Kinematic analysis of the gait of 10 labrador retrievers during treadmill locomotion     

Clements DN  Owen MR  Carmichael S  Reid SW 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(15):478-481

The trotting gait of 10 sound, adult labrador retrievers was analysed using kinematic gait analysis on a purpose-built treadmill using video-based motion analysis software. The maximal angular displacement, minimal angular displacement, average angular displacement, and the maximal positive and negative angular velocities of the right elbow and right stifle were measured over five gait cycles at defined time points during each of five two-minute sessions. The dogs' trotting gait was not repeatable, either for individual dogs during the first session or between sessions, or between dogs at the same time points during a session.  相似文献   

Modern veterinary vaccines and the Shaman's apprentice     

Carter PB  Carmichael LE 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):389-400

This paper is an overview and assessment of new, commercially available veterinary vaccines placed in a historical context. The authors critically evaluate the current state of the field of veterinary vaccines in both food and companion animals and the promises for future vaccine development. The authors maintain that there is considerable variability in safety and sustained efficacy among veterinary vaccines, especially those developed for companion animals. It is proposed that establishment of an international vaccine advisory committee be supported which would function to apprise the veterinary profession of the current status of vaccines and their use.  相似文献   

Report of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Canine Vaccine Task Force: executive summary and 2003 canine vaccine guidelines and recommendations     

Paul MA  Appel M  Barrett R  Carmichael LE  Childers H  Cotter S  Davidson A  Ford R  Keil D  Lappin M  Schultz RD  Thacker E  Trumpeter JL  Welborn L;American Animal Hospital Association Canine Vaccine Task Force 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(2):119-131

The AAHA has undertaken the development of this document in an effort to inform veterinary practitioners, clarify misunderstandings held by veterinarians, and encourage practitioners to recognize that immunization of patients is a medical procedure. As such, it is bound by the same tenets that govern the recommendation of other medical procedures-principally, that it be tailored to the needs of the individual patient. Many diseases we immunize against are ubiquitous. Many are serious and some even life threatening. Some are of limited demographic concern given the exposure risk for each patient. These factors have all been considered in developing the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines. In the end, each veterinarian must do what he or she determines to be in the best interest of the patient. Vaccination of individual animals produces not only individual immunity but also population or herd immunity. Since we have no readily available and reliable way to determine if each patient has developed an adequate immune response, we encourage the practice philosophy of vaccinating more patients while vaccinating each patient no more than needed.  相似文献   

Complete patellar ligament replacement using a fascia lata autograft in a dog     

Gemmill TJ  Carmichael S 《The Journal of small animal practice》2003,44(10):456-459

A novel technique for the repair of a chronically lacerated patellar ligament in a pet greyhound is described. The injury had been sustained traumatically, and a previous surgical repair had proved unsuccessful. On further surgical investigation, identification of the ruptured ligament ends was not possible. A double fascia lata graft was employed to reconstruct the lateral and medial portions of the ligament. This repair was augmented with 27 kg monofilament nylon anchored through tunnels from the proximal tibia to the patella and quadriceps tendon. A concurrent skin deficit was managed with a superficial epigastric axial pattern flap. To the authors' knowledge, only one previous case requiring complete patellar ligament replacement has been documented in the veterinary literature. This report details a simplified surgical technique which may have advantages over the previously described technique.  相似文献   

Feline leukemia virus-associated myelopathy in cats     

Carmichael KP  Bienzle D  McDonnell JJ 《Veterinary pathology》2002,39(5):536-545

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is associated with distinct neoplastic, hematologic, and immunosuppressive diseases. Here we report on a novel neurologic syndrome in 16 cats infected with FeLV for more than 2 years. Clinical signs consisted of abnormal vocalization, hyperesthesia, and paresis progressing to paralysis. The clinical course of affected cats involved gradually progressive neurologic dysfunction invariably resulting in euthanasia. Microscopically, white-matter degeneration with dilation of myelin sheaths and swollen axons was identified in the spinal cord and brain stem of affected animals. Neither neoplastic nor hematologic diseases commonly associated with FeLV infection were present. Fungal and protozoal infection in one animal was suggestive of impaired immune competence. Immunohistochemical staining of affected tissues revealed consistent expression of FeLV p27 antigens in neurons, endothelial cells, and glial cells. Furthermore, proviral DNA was amplified from multiple sections of spinal cord as well as intestine, spleen, and lymph nodes. These findings suggest that in a proportion of chronically FeLV-infected cats, a virus evolved with cytopathic potential for cells in the central nervous system.  相似文献   

The efficacy of ivermectin against Thelazia rhodesii (Desmarest, 1828) in the eyes of cattle.     

M D Soll  I H Carmichael  H R Scherer  S J Gross 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,42(1-2):67-71

One hundred cattle with confirmed natural infections of Thelazia rhodesii were included in three studies to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin for the treatment of eyeworm infection. Thelazia rhodesii were counted in situ in each eye of each animal on Day 0 (prior to treatment) and the cattle were paired by the number of worms, within categories of sex, age or number of infected eyes. Within each pair, one animal was randomly assigned to serve as an untreated control, while the other was treated subcutaneously with ivermectin at 200 micrograms kg-1 body weight. Eight days later, parasites were recovered from each eye separately, identified and counted. In each study, significantly (P less than 0.01) fewer T. rhodesii were collected on Day 8 from ivermectin-treated cattle than from controls. Overall, the reduction in numbers of T. rhodesii collected from treated cattle was greater than 99% (P less than 0.05) relative to controls, with reductions of 100% being recorded in two of the three studies.  相似文献   

Canine viral enteritis     

R V Pollock  L E Carmichael 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1983,13(3):551-566

Canine viral enteritis should be suspected in dogs with an acute onset of vomiting and diarrhea, especially in puppies and where several animals are affected simultaneously. Definitive diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation, most often detection of viral particles in the stool. No diagnostic test is entirely specific or absolutely sensitive, however, and laboratory findings should be weighed accordingly. Immunization is the key to successful control. Effective vaccines for canine parvovirus are available. Maternal antibody suppresses response to vaccination in young pups and is the major problem in the control of infection. Vaccines against canine rotavirus and coronavirus are not available. The need for such vaccines and the feasibility of their effective use have not yet been clearly demonstrated.  相似文献   

Canine parvovirus vaccination   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M J Appel  L E Carmichael  D D McGregor  R V Pollock 《Modern veterinary practice》1980,61(12):983-985

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Helminthiasis in domestic and wild ruminants in botswana-preliminary investigations     

I. H. Carmichael 《Tropical animal health and production》1972,4(3):175-181

Summary Botswana has one of the largest reserves of wild antelopes in the world. The economy of Botswana and the livelihood of its people are dependent to a large degree upon cattle production, and to a lesser degree upon sheep, goats and game animals. Field studies in Botswana have indicated a severe degree of parasitic infestation in cattle, sheep and goats under semi-arid and drought conditions. Contrary to findings in other countries, many cattle in Botswana do not develop or maintain strong a resistance to helminthiasis. Helminthiasis in wild ruminants does not appear to be a severe herd problem, although individual animals under conditions of stress can be severely parasitized. Although transmission of some parasites from wild ruminants to domestic livestock and vice versa may occur it is unlikely that the wildlife species contribute to helminthiases in domestic livestock.

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Sumario Botswana posee una de las mayores reservas de antílopes del mundo. La economía del país y el sustento de sus habitantes dependen en gran medida de la producción de ganado vacuno, y en menor grado de los ovinos, cabras y caza. Estudios de campo realizados en Botswana han indicado una seria infestación parasitaria en bovinos, ovinos y caprinos en condiciones semiáridas y de sequía. Contrariamente a los resultados obtenidos en otros paises, muchos bovinos en Botswana no desarrollan ni mantienen buena resistencia contra la helminthiasis. La helminthiasis en los ruminantes salvajes no parece ser un problema grave, aunque algunos animales bajo condiciones de “stress” pueden hallarse severamente parasitados. A pesar de que puede ocurrir la transmisión de algunos parásitos de los animales salvajes a os bovinos y viceversa, es improbable que aquellos contribuyan a la helmintiasis del ganado.

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Résumé Botswana a une des plus grandes réserves d’antilopes sauvages du monde. L’économie du pays et la subsistance de ses gens dépendent à un haut degré de l’élevage de bovidés, et secondairement des ovins, des chèvres et du gibier. Des études de campagne faites à Botswana ont indiqué un sévère degré d’infestation parasitaire des bovidés, ovins et chèvres dans des conditions semi-arides et de sécheresse. Au contraire de ce qu’on a trouvé ailleurs, beaucoup de bovidés à Botswana ne developpent ni conservent une forte résistance vers l’helminthiase. L’helminthiase en les ruminants sauvages ne semble pas être un problème grave, même si quelques animaux individuels dans des conditions de “stress” peuvent être sérieusement parasités. Malgrè la possibilité de transmission de quelques parasites des animaux sauvages aux bovins domestiques et vice versa, ce n’est pas probable que ceux-là contribuent à l’helminthiase du bétail.

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A plate agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of canine brucellosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L W George  L E Carmichael 《American journal of veterinary research》1974,35(7):905-909

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