Dietary carbohydrate and food processing affect the digestive physiology of Piaractus mesopotamicus          下载免费PDF全文

C.A. Honorato  L.C. de Almeida  R.Y. Camilo  G. Moraes  C.D.S. Nunes  D.J. Carneiro 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(4):857-864

The responses of the digestive physiology of juvenile pacu to different diet processing were studied. Fish were fed with isoproteic diets with 260 g kg^?1 of crude protein (CP) containing different levels of carbohydrate (DCh) (400 or 500 g kg^?1), and two diet processing (pelletization or extrusion) for 90 days. Fish fed with extruded diets showed decrease of the gastrointestinal transit time (GI transfer) and of the amylase activity, but maltase activity did not alter. Protease activity of intestine depicted increase when the DCh was raised. The increase of DCh also caused enhancement of the apparent digestibility coefficient of CP (ADC_CP) in fish fed with extruded diets. Fish fed with pelletized diets showed increase of the amylase activity in pyloric caecum independently of the dietary carbohydrate level. No interaction was observed between dietary carbohydrate level and diet processing. Maltase activities from the stomach and intestine of pacu were not responsive to the carbohydrate level. The extrusion process improved the carbohydrate availability and the digestion efficiency of protein in pacu. Digestive enzymes of pacu were modulated either by nutrients or diet processing.  相似文献   

Genetic variability and virulence of Meloidogyne incognita populations from Brazil to resistant cotton genotypes     

Esdras Henrique da Silva  Vanessa da Silva Mattos  Cleber Furlaneto  Marc Giband  Paulo Augusto Vianna Barroso  Antônio Williams Moita  Aldemiro Jorge-Junior  Valdir Ribeiro Correa  Philippe Castagnone-Sereno  Regina Maria Dechechi Gomes Carneiro 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(1):195-204

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is widely distributed and a major pathogen of cotton (Gossypium spp.) worldwide. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic variability and aggressiveness of Brazilian populations of M. incognita in cotton. Five populations of M. incognita and one isolate of M. enterolobii (outgroup) were used in the molecular analysis. Our results showed that only 2.7 % of the RAPD and AFLP fragments were polymorphic. Despite the existence of two races (races 3 and 4) and two esterase phenotypes (I1 and I2), a low genetic variability among populations was observed, which might be due to the mitotic parthenogenetic mode of reproduction of this pathogen. The aggressiveness/virulence among populations towards different cotton genotypes was also studied. None of the populations was virulent to the resistant cotton genotypes M-315 RNR, TX-25, CIR1343, Wild Mexican Jack Jones and CIR1348 (reproduction factor <1). Two populations of M. incognita from the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Parana (Umuarama) (races 4 and 3, respectively) were highly aggressive to the susceptible control FM966 and virulent to the accessions LA-887 and Clevewilt-6 that showed moderate resistance to other populations tested.  相似文献   

DNA marker-assisted selection to pyramid rust resistance genes in “carioca” seeded common bean lines     

Thiago Lívio P. O. Souza  Vilmar A. Ragagnin  Suelen N. Dessaune  Demerson A. Sanglard  José Eustáquio S. Carneiro  Maurilio A. Moreira  Everaldo G. Barros 《Euphytica》2014,199(3):303-316

This work reports a gene pyramiding approach assisted by DNA markers used to develop “carioca” seeded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) elite lines harboring three different rust resistance genes. Rust is among the most destructive diseases that attack P. vulgaris and cause serious damage worldwide. The rust resistance genes Ur-5 (from ‘Mexico 309’), Ur-11 (from ‘BelMiDak RR-3’), and Ur-14 (from ‘BRS Pioneiro’, a “carioca” seeded cultivar derived from the resistance source ‘Ouro Negro’) were combined in the “carioca” seeded bean cultivar ‘Rudá’. Firstly, two different backcross programs were conducted separately to produce progenies harboring individually the Ur-5 and Ur-11 genes. Molecular fingerprinting analysis was used to select plants genetically similar to ‘Rudá’ in the backcross cycles to accelerate the recurrent-background recovery. The obtained progenies were initially intercrossed and then crossed with ‘BRSMG Pioneiro’ (Ur-14). The final F₁ plants derived from these crosses were screened with DNA markers linked to the three rust resistance genes: SI19 (Ur-5), SAE19 (Ur-11) and OPX11 (Ur-14). The plants selected as harboring all the alleles of interest were used to obtain the next generations. The selection based on DNA markers was conducted up to the F_4:5 generation. We were able to select F_4:7 progenies showing all the DNA markers associated to the genes of interest and resistant to all specific races of U. appendiculatus used for phenotypically detecting each one of the rust resistance genes. Yield evaluations show that these selected lines are as productive as the recurrent parent ‘Rudá’ and high-performing control cultivars grown in Brazil.  相似文献   

Effect of hCG concentration on embryo recovery rate in a commercial equine embryo transfer program in Brazil     

L.O. Barros  Silva  G.F. Carneiro 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Do harrowing and fertilisation at middle rotation improve tree growth and site quality in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus globulus</Emphasis> Labill. plantations in Mediterranean conditions?     

Manuel Madeira  António Fabião  Marta Carneiro 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(3):583-596

Effects of harrowing and fertilisation on tree growth, understory vegetation, forest floor litter and soil properties were studied in a field experiment installed in a 5-year-old first rotation eucalypt plantation. The treatments were harrowing (H), fertilisation (F), harrowing and fertilisation (HF) and a control without any treatments (C), with four replicates. Tree growth, root mass, tree nutrition status, understory vegetation, mass of forest floor litter and soil physical and chemical properties were monitored till the end of the rotation (stand was 14-year old). Effects of treatments on tree growth, root mass and timber production were not significant. Root nutrient concentration differed between treatments only few months after the beginning of the experiment, while differences regarding specific root length and area were observed during the first year. Harrowing (H and HF) led to significantly smaller biomass of understory vegetation (<13.4 g m⁻²) than other treatments (33−61 g m⁻²) during the first 3 years, but at the end of the experiment differences were less important. Forest floor litter mass after 3 years and at the end of the experiment were similar among treatments. Soil bulk density significantly decreased by harrowing (H and HF treatments), but 16 months after treatments were similar. Although soil chemical properties were not significantly affected by treatments, a decrease in base cations occurred during the rotation period. Fertiliser application is a questionable practice under the economic point of view, whereas harrowing can reduce the fuel load only during a short period, without negative effects on productivity and soil quality.  相似文献   

HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon: evidence of co-infection by different subtypes     

de Souza AJ  Gomes-Gouvêa MS  Soares Mdo C  Pinho JR  Malheiros AP  Carneiro LA  dos Santos DR  Pereira WL 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2012,35(5):477-485

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a fecal-orally transmitted member of the genus Hepevirus that causes acute hepatitis in humans and is widely distributed throughout the world. Pigs have been reported as the main source of genotypes 3 and 4 infection to humans in non-endemic areas. To investigate HEV infection in pigs from different regions of Pará state (Eastern Brazilian Amazon), we performed serological and molecular analyses of serum, fecal and liver samples from 151 adult pigs slaughtered between April and October 2010 in slaughterhouses in the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará. Among the animals tested, 8.6% (13/151) were positive for anti-HEV IgG but not for anti-HEV IgM. HEV RNA was detected in 4.8% (22/453) of the samples analyzed and 9.9% (15/151) of the animals had at least one positive sample. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all sequences belonged to genotype 3 that were related to human isolates from other non-endemic regions, suggesting that the isolates had zoonotic potential. Subtypes 3c and 3f were simultaneously detected in some pigs, suggesting co-infection by more than one strain and/or the presence of a recombinant virus. These results constitute the first molecular and serologic evidence of swine HEV circulation in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon.  相似文献   

Effect of rhizobia,mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere of native plants used to recover an iron ore area in Brazil     

Sandra Rosa Matias  Marcela Cláudia Pagano  Frederico Carvalho Muzzi  Christiane A. Oliveira  Andrea Almeida Carneiro  Sá Nadja Horta  Maria Rita Scotti 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2009,45(3):259-266

The iron-ore deposits in Minas Gerais state are concentrated in an area named Ferruginosous Quadrilateral, in which the dominant vegetation belongs to the Cerrado biome (savanna type, called campo rupestre or rupestrian field). This vegetation occurs in altitudes higher than 1000 m and is one of the most endangered biomes of the world. This study aimed to restore an area of rupestrian field used to keep iron-ore products, in which vegetation had been cut and thus resilience did not occur, worsening the low fertility of the fragile soil. Therefore, a revegetation model was proposed using two native species, Centrosema coriaceum (Leguminosae) and Tibouchina multiflora (Melastomataceae), inoculated with selected strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or a rhizobium strain. After 48 months of plantation, the plant growth, survival index, physical and chemical soil properties, leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P), and P soil were evaluated. Inoculated plants benefited in all the analyzed aspects. While T. multiflora presented increased P content in leaves and soil rhizosphere only in inoculated plants, C. coriaceum showed the highest P content in both leaves and soil independently of inoculation. Although the inoculated plants presented more intense root colonization (AMF), the same mycorrhizal species were found in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants of C. coriaceum and T. multiflora. However, species of the Gigasporaceae family were favored in the C. coriaceum rhizosphere, as compared with T. multiflora. In addition, C. coriaceum was able to select in its rhizosphere a rhizobia strain efficient in P solubilization and a large and efficient population of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms (PSM), preferentially composed of fungi. Through the similarity of their Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences, the PSM fungi were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus fischeri using the BLAST database. The data presented suggest that C. coriaceum showed a strong rhizosphere effect in favor of a tripartite action of rhizobia, fungi and AMF populations as strategies to solubilize soil phosphate for survival and plant growth in the rupestrian field. Therefore, the inoculation of these microorganisms is desirable for mine recover.  相似文献   

Liquid organic fertilizer sprayed on shoots of Phaseolus vulgaris stimulates arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in soil     

Lucas Carvalho Basilio Azevedo  Bruno Silva Ferreira  Isadora Sanchez Maia Carneiro  Milton Sérgio Dornelles 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(10):1382-1389

Processed organic agricultural byproducts such as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) are promising alternatives that can improve crop productivity while reducing mineral fertilizer use and improving sustainability. The effects on beneficial soil organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM), caused by LOF spraying on shoots is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated how AM colonization and soil PSM are affected by LOF spraying on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in a greenhouse. The LOF was obtained by anaerobically fermenting a mixture of fresh water, cattle manure, bovine milk, sugarcane molasses and mineral salts. LOF was applied twice on the plant shoots. Fresh and dry mass of root and shoot, P content, P accumulation in the shoots and AMF spore counts in the soil were not LOF dose dependent. However, we found that a 5% LOF application stimulated AM colonization and led to dose-dependence for calcium and aluminium phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi. These results show that LOF sprayed on shoots causes responses on soil communities. We therefore endorse the use of LOF in low input agriculture.  相似文献   

Photo-Assisted Degradation,Toxicological Assessment,and Modeling Using Artificial Neural Networks of Reactive Gray BF-2R Dye     

Graziele Elisandra do Nascimento  Daniella Carla Napoleão  Polyana Karynne de Aguiar Silva  Rayany Magali da Rocha Santana  Ana Maria Ribeiro Bastos  Léa Elias Mendes Carneiro Zaidan  Maiara Celine de Moura  Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho  Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra Duarte 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(12):379

This work investigates the degradation of Reactive Gray BF-2R dye (a blend of reactive yellow 145, reactive orange 122 and reactive black 5 dyes) using UV/H₂O₂, Fenton, and photo-Fenton-advanced oxidative processes, with artificial sunlight and UV-C radiations. The photo-Fenton process employing UV-C radiation was the most efficient under the conditions studied. The ideal conditions for the degradation of the dye, determined using a factorial design 2³ and a study of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide ([H₂O₂]), were [H₂O₂] equal to 40 mg L^?1, iron concentration [Fe] of 1 mg L^?1, and pH between 3 and 4. The Chan and Chu non-linear kinetic model predicted the kinetic data with a degradation of over 98% for color and 68% for aromatics after 60 min. The behavior of the chemical oxygen demand fitted the first-order kinetic model well, with a degradation of 64% after 60 min. The Multilayer Perceptron 7-11-2 artificial neural network model enabled to model the degradation process of the aromatics and accurately predict the experimental data. Toxicity tests indicated that the post-treatment samples were non-toxic for Escherichia coli bacteria, and Portulaca grandiflora and Basil sabory seeds. However, they inhibited the growth of Lactuca sativa seeds and Salmonella enteritidis bacteria. The photo-Fenton process with UV-C radiation degraded the dye studied efficiently and the degradation percentages were, on average, 7% and 5% higher for color than those observed when employing the Fenton and UV/H₂O₂ processes, respectively. With the aromatic, however, they were 84% and 62% higher, thus justifying the use of this process.  相似文献   

Organic amendments as a source of phosphorus: agronomic and environmental impact of different animal manures applied to an acid soil     

Carmo Horta  Marta Roboredo  João Paulo Carneiro  António Canatário Duarte  José Torrent  Andrew Sharpley 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(2):257-271

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource highlighting the significance of developing and using alternative P sources for a sustainable agriculture. The work aims to compare the effects of different organic amendments (OA) and a mineral P fertiliser as reference on P use efficiency by the crop, and on P losses to runoff waters and eroded sediments. A two-year field trial was conducted in a Dystric Regosol with Lolium sp. Treatments were: cattle manure compost (CM), solid fraction of swine (SS) and duck (DS) slurries and triple superphosphate (TSP), each applied at 50 kg P ha^?1 year^?1. Olsen P (mg P kg^?1) increased from ≈ 19 at the beginning to ≈ 30 (TSP, CM), 45 (SS) and 62 (DS) after the experiment. Most of applied P remained in soil, between 92% (SS) and 96% (TSP), plant uptake ranged from 5% (CM) to 3.5% (TSP) and total P loss in runoff and sediments ranged between 0.2% (CM) and 4% (SS). OA increased P-use efficiency by the ryegrass crop compared with mineral P fertilizer. Composted cattle manure showed the best agronomic and environmental behaviour, simultaneously increasing P-use efficiency and decreasing P losses by runoff and erosion.  相似文献