Radiographic assessment of cattle hoofs (ungulae) of the Nellore breed: Reference standards     

Maria Cristina Ferrarini Nunes Soares Hage  Rejane dos Santos Sousa  Davi Siqueira Chaves  Raduan Hage  Francisco Leonardo Costa de Oliveira  Mailson Renan Borges Dias  Natalia Sato Minami  Anna Carolina Mazeto Ercolin  Carolina Fortes Cirimbelli  Enrico Lippi Ortolani 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(2):110-116

The purpose of this work was to determine a radiographic standard of normality for lateral and medial ungulae in 3‐year‐old bovine females of the Nellore breed. Twenty‐six cows underwent radiographic exposure of the medial and lateral ungulae of the hindlimbs and forelimbs; abaxioaxial projections were used. The images were analyzed; distances were measured between the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx and the surface of the hoof capsule. The two angles formed, i.e., an angle between the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx and a line parallel to the sole (inner), and an angle between the dorsal surface of the hoof and a line parallel to the sole (outer), were also recorded. The results suggested a standard of normality for the proximal, middle and distal distances of the ungulae of the forelimbs: 0.96 ± 0.12 cm. For the measurement of hindlimbs, except for the distal distances of the side ungulae, the suggested value was 1.02 ± 0.14 cm; for the distal measurement of the lateral ungulae of the hindlimbs, the value was 1.09 ± 0.12 cm. For inner and outer angles, the values were 36.45° ± 4.4° for the medial ungulae of the forelimbs and 42.50° ± 3.8° for other ungulae of the forelimbs and hindlimbs (standard deviations of the values suggested for the angles should be used as variations between different animals, limbs and ungulae; they should not be used between angles of the same ungula).  相似文献   

Achievements and future perspectives of embryo transfer technology in pigs     

Emilio A. Martinez  Cristina A. Martinez  Josep M. Cambra  Carolina Maside  Xiomara Lucas  Jose L. Vazquez  Juan Maria Vazquez  Jordi Roca  Heriberto Rodriguez‐Martinez  Maria Antonia Gil  Inmaculada Parrilla  Cristina Cuello 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):4-13

Commercial embryo transfer (ET) has unprecedented productive and economic implications for the pig sector. However, pig ET has been considered utopian for decades mainly because of the requirements of surgical techniques for embryo collection and embryo deposition into recipients, alongside challenges to preserve embryos. This situation has drastically changed in the last decade since the current technology allows non‐surgical ET and short‐ and long‐term embryo preservation. Here, we provide a brief review of the improvements in porcine ET achieved by our laboratory in the past 20 years. This review includes several aspects of non‐surgical ET technology and different issues affecting ET programmes and embryo preservation systems. The future perspectives of ET technology are also considered. We will refer only to embryos produced in vivo since they are the only type of embryos with possible short‐term use in pig production.  相似文献   

Exploratory and descriptive study on nutritional characteristics and quality of eggs from Chilean partridge (Nothoprocta perdicaria)          下载免费PDF全文

José Luis Arias  Alberto Matthei  Carolina Valenzuela 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(1):186-192

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Comparison of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in healthy Beagle dogs during medetomidine–propofol constant rate infusions     

Carolina Meira  Fabiola B. Joerger  Annette P.N. Kutter  Andreas Waldmann  Simone K. Ringer  Stephan H. Böehm  Samuel Iff  Martina Mosing 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):145-157

Objective

To compare the efficacy of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in dogs on gas exchange, lung volumes, amount of leak during CPAP and rebreathing in case of equipment failure or disconnection.

Study design

Randomized, prospective, crossover, experimental trial.

Animals

Ten purpose-bred Beagle dogs.

Methods

Dogs were in dorsal recumbency during medetomidine–propofol constant rate infusions, breathing room air. Three interfaces were tested in each dog in a consecutive random order: custom-made mask (M), conical face mask (FM) and helmet (H). End-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) measured by electrical impedance tomography was assessed with no interface (baseline), with the interface only (No-CPAP for 3 minutes) and at 15 minutes of 7 cmH₂O CPAP (CPAP-delivery). PaO₂ was assessed at No-CPAP and CPAP-delivery, partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide (PICO₂; rebreathing assessment) at No-CPAP and the interface leak (ΔP_leak) at CPAP-delivery. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

During CPAP-delivery, all interfaces increased EELI by 7% (p < 0.001). Higher ΔP_leak was observed with M and H (9 cmH₂O) in comparison with FM (1 cmH₂O) (p < 0.001). At No-CPAP, less rebreathing occurred with M (0.5 kPa, 4 mmHg) than with FM (1.8 kPa, 14 mmHg) and with H (1.4 kPa, 11 mmHg), but also lower PaO₂ was measured with M (9.3 kPa, 70 mmHg) than with H (11.9 kPa, 90 mmHg) and FM (10.8 kPa, 81 mmHg).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

All three interfaces can be used to provide adequate CPAP in dogs. The leak during CPAP-delivery and the risk of rebreathing and hypoxaemia, when CPAP is not maintained, can be significant. Therefore, animals should always be supervised during administration of CPAP with any of the three interfaces. The performance of the custom-made M was not superior to the other interfaces.  相似文献   

Application of multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods to detect common bacterial fish pathogens in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,hatcheries in Costa Rica     

Adrin Lpez‐Porras  Carolina Elizondo  Aida J. Chaves  Alvin C. Camus  Matt J. Griffin  Kirsten Kenelty  Samantha Barum  Elías Barquero‐Calvo  Esteban Soto 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(3):645-658

Edwardsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis are some of the most important fish pathogens affecting global tilapia, Oreochromis spp., aquaculture. In Costa Rica, the aquaculture industry is dominated by freshwater‐cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, which are raised in all seven national provinces. At present, little is known regarding the diversity of pathogens present in these facilities, and definitive identification of agents associated with disease outbreaks are rare. To evaluate the prevalence of common bacterial pathogens in these systems, this study used multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays targeting Edwardsiella, Streptococcus, and Francisella species as a diagnostic and surveillance tool. In 2017, seven different tilapia hatcheries were visited, and 350 fingerlings were subjected to necropsy and molecular diagnostic evaluation. Fish exhibiting gross signs of disease were subjected to histological and microbiological analysis. For the first time, Edwardsiella anguillarum was recovered and molecularly confirmed from diseased tilapia in Costa Rica. In addition, F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis was identified in a region of Costa Rica where it had not been previously reported.  相似文献   

Study of the Oxidative State,as a Marker of Welfare,on Gilthead Sea Bream,Sparus aurata,Subjected to Handling Stress     

Ana Sanz  Miriam Furné  Cristina E. Trenzado  Carolina de Haro  M. J. Sánchez‐Muros 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(5):707-715

In this study, we investigated the effect of repeated handling on the oxidative state of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. We determined the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transferase (GST), and DT‐diaphorase (DTD) in liver, digestive tract, brain, gills, and white muscle. We also measured the lipid‐peroxidation level (malondialdehyde – MDA – concentration) and the glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PDH). The results show that repeated low‐intensity handling on gilthead sea bream alter the oxidative status of tissues such as liver, digestive tract, and muscle in the last term can affect its welfare. The brain in a situation of handling stress is protected from oxidative damage by the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Finally, the concentration of MDA in tissues can be a good candidate as a biomarker of stress and welfare in fish.  相似文献   

Land‐Use Type Effects on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Properties in a Semi‐arid Region of Northeast Brazil     

Ana Carolina Cmara Ferreira  Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite  Ademir Srgio Ferreira de Araújo  Nico Eisenhauer 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):171-178

Land‐use change is one of the most important anthropogenic environmental change drivers affecting the biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge of the consequences for soil processes in many regions around the globe. The Brazilian semi‐arid ecosystem known as Caatinga has experienced the transformation from native forest into agricultural land, with heretofore unknown effects on soil processes and microbial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of five land‐use changes (to maize and cowpea cropland, grape orchard, and cut and grazed pasture) on total organic C (TOC) and total N (TN) stocks and soil microbial properties of Ultisol from Caatinga. Soil samples (0–10 and 10–20 cm depth) were collected during the wet and dry periods. Split–split plot analysis of variance was used to test the effects of land use, soil depth, season and the interaction between land‐use and soil depth on soil microbial properties, TOC and TN stocks. Land‐use effects were more pronounced in the top soil layer than in the lower layer, while the pattern was less consistent in soil microbial properties. Land conversion from native forest to cropland may cause C losses from the soil, but conversion to pastures may even increase the potential of soils to function as C sinks. Grazed pastures showed not only high C and N stocks but also the highest soil microbial biomass and lowest respiratory quotients, all indications for elevated soil C sequestration. Thus, grazed pastures may represent a land‐use form with high ecosystem multifunctionality in Caatinga. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Sperm chromatin condensation as an in vivo fertility biomarker in bulls:a flow cytometry approach     

Marc Llavanera  Jordi Ribas-Maynou  Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez  Sandra Recuero  Rodrigo Muiño  Carlos OHidalgo  Carolina Tamargo  Sergi Bonet  Yentel Mateo-Otero  Marc Yeste 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2022,(2):418-429

Background:Genetic selection in cattle has been directed to increase milk production.This,coupled to the fact that the vast majority of bovine artificial inseminations(AI)are performed using cryopreserved sperm,have led to a reduction of fertility rates over the years.Thus,seeking sensitive and specific sperm biomarkers able to predict fertility rates is of vital importance to improve cattle reproductive efficiency.In humans,sperm chromatin condensation evaluated through chromomycin A3(CMA3)has recently been purported to be a powerful biomarker for sperm functional status and male infertility.The objectives of the present study were:a)to set up a flow cytometry method for simultaneously evaluating chromatin condensation and sperm viability,and b)to test whether this parameter could be used as a predictor of in vivo fertility in bulls.The study included pools of three independent cryopreserved ejaculates per bull from 25 Holstein males.Reproductive outcomes of each sire were determined by non-return rates,which were used to classify bulls into two groups(highly fertile and subfertile).Results:Chromatin condensation status of bovine sperm was evaluated through the combination of CMA3 and Yo-Pro-1 staining and flow cytometry.Sperm quality parameters(morphology,viability,total and progressive motility)were also assessed.Pearson correlation coefficients and ROC curves were calculated to assess their capacity to predict in vivo fertility.Sperm morphology,viability and total motility presented an area under the ROC curve(AUC)of 0.54,0.64 and 0.68,respectively(P>0.05),and thus were not able to discriminate between fertile and subfertile individuals.Alternatively,while the percentage of progressively motile sperm showed a significant predictive value,with an AUC of 0.73(P=0.05),CMA3/Yo-Pro-1 staining even depicted superior results for the prediction of in vivo fertility in bulls.Specifically,the percentage of viable sperm with poor chromatin condensation showed better accuracy and precision to predict in vivo fertility,with an AUC of 0.78(P=0.02).Conclusions:Chromatin condensation evaluated through CMA3/Yo-Pro-1 and flow cytometry is defined here as a more powerful tool than conventional sperm parameters to predict bull in vivo fertility,with a potential ability to maximising the efficiency of dairy breeding industry.  相似文献   

Composition and biological activity of essential oils against Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) cereal crop pest     

Carolina Sánchez Chopa  Lilian R Descamps 《Pest management science》2012,68(11):1492-1500

BACKGROUND: Natural pesticides based on plant essential oils may represent alternative crop protectants. This study analysed the chemical constituents and bioactivities of essential oils from Schinus areira L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Tagetes terniflora Kunth against winged and wingless adults of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walk.). RESULTS: The major component of S. areira was α‐phellandrene, that of R. officinalis was 1,8‐cineole and that of T. terniflora was cis‐ocimene. Rosemary essential oil was more effective than the others in immersion method tests. In contact toxicity, the rosemary oil was the most toxic to wingless adults and the S. areira leaf oil was the most toxic to winged adults. All the EOs produced some degrees of repellency in adults and effects on the reproduction and demographic parameters. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the essential oils from S. areira, R. officinalis and T. terniflora could be used as an alternative in the management of M. dirhodum. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Differential interactions of virulent and non-virulent H. parasuis strains with na?ve or swine influenza virus pre-infected dendritic cells     

Tufária Mussá  Carolina Rodríguez-Cari?o  Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi  Massimiliano Baratelli  Mar Costa-Hurtado  Lorenzo Fraile  Javier Domínguez  Virginia Aragon  María Montoya 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):80

Pigs possess a microbiota in the upper respiratory tract that includes Haemophilus parasuis. Pigs are also considered the reservoir of influenza viruses and infection with this virus commonly results in increased impact of bacterial infections, including those by H. parasuis. However, the mechanisms involved in host innate responses towards H. parasuis and their implications in a co-infection with influenza virus are unknown. Therefore, the ability of a non-virulent H. parasuis serovar 3 (SW114) and a virulent serovar 5 (Nagasaki) strains to interact with porcine bone marrow dendritic cells (poBMDC) and their modulation in a co-infection with swine influenza virus (SwIV) H3N2 was examined. At 1 hour post infection (hpi), SW114 interaction with poBMDC was higher than that of Nagasaki, while at 8 hpi both strains showed similar levels of interaction. The co-infection with H3N2 SwIV and either SW114 or Nagasaki induced higher levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 compared to mock or H3N2 SwIV infection alone. Moreover, IL-12 and IFN-α secretion differentially increased in cells co-infected with H3N2 SwIV and Nagasaki. These results pave the way for understanding the differences in the interaction of non-virulent and virulent strains of H. parasuis with the swine immune system and their modulation in a viral co-infection.  相似文献