Development of an Isavirus minigenome system to study the function of the pocket RNA-binding domain of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) in salmon cells     

Daniela Toro-Ascuy  Alvaro Santibañez  Victor Peña  Carolina Beltran-Pavez  Luis Cottet  Cristian Molina  Margarita Montoya  Nicolas Sandoval  Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez  Carolina Mascayano  Marcelo Cortez-San Martín 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(2):197-206

The Isavirus is an orthomyxovirus with a genome composed of eight segments of negative single-strand RNA (−ssRNA). It has been proposed that the eight genomic segments of the Isavirus are organized as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex called a minigenome, which contains all the viral RNA segments, a viral heterotrimeric polymerase and multiple copies of the viral nucleoprotein (NP). Here, we develop an Isavirus minigenome system and show the importance of the formation of active RNPs and the role of viral NP R189, R194, R302 and K325 residues in the NP RNA-binding domain in the context of RNPs. The results indicate it is possible to generate a minigenome in salmon cells, a composite ISAV RNPs with EGFP-based chimeric vRNA with heterotrimeric polymerase (PB1, PB2, PA) and NP protein using CMV-based auxiliary plasmids. It was also shown that NP R189, R194, R302 and K325 residues are important to generate viral mRNA from the constituted RNPs and a detectable reporter protein. This work is the first salmon cell-based minigenome assay for the Isavirus, which was evaluated by a bioinformatic and functional study of the NP protein in viral RNPs, which showed that correct NP-vRNA interaction is key to the functioning of RNPs.  相似文献   

Crude glycerol inclusion in diets for post‐larvae Rhamdia voulezi and Rhamdia branneri     

Marise Taise Theisen  Robie Allan Bombardelli  Fabio Meurer  Rosane Lopes Ferreira  Lilian Carolina Rosa da Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):1313-1316

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The Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative: Promoting scientific support for global ocean governance     

David Johnson  Christopher Barrio Frojn  Nicholas Bax  Piers Dunstan  Skipton Woolley  Pat Halpin  Daniel Dunn  Carolina Hazin  Maria Dias  Tammy Davies  Jorge Jimnez  Erick Ross  Cindy Van Dover  Giuseppe Notarbartolo Di Sciara  Erich Hoyt  Michael J. Tetley  Vikki Gunn  Henning Von Nordheim 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(Z2):162-169

Fate and legacy of an invasion: extinct and extant populations of the soft‐shell clam (Mya arenaria) in Grays Harbor (Washington)     

Raúl Palacios  David A. Armstrong  J. Orensanz 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2000,10(4):279-303

1. The soft‐shell clam, Mya arenaria, was intentionally introduced to Washington State during the mid‐1870s. Presently, extensive shell deposits cover parts of the intertidal flats of Grays Harbor, an estuarine ecosystem that has received much attention because of its role as nursery ground for Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), a commercially significant species. 2. Preliminary observations revealed that shells in the deposits belonged to clams that were much larger than extant conspecifics. Shell deposits and extant populations have spatially disjoint distributions; few individuals are found living within the deposits. The purpose of our study was to determine the cause of the different size characteristics between extinct and extant clams, when and how the deposits originated, and why the extant population does not prosper in what appears to be prime habitat. 3. We (i) surveyed extant populations and shell deposits, (ii) followed the extant population through periodic sampling over a 3‐year period, (iii) investigated growth and survival in extant and extinct populations, (iv) experimentally manipulated growth conditions, and (v) searched archival sources for information about the origin of the deposits. 4. We conclude that extinct clams grew faster and lived longer, apparently because they occupied the best habitats available. Archival records suggest that the population expanded rapidly during the period around 20 years after its introduction, but was decimated between 1895 and 1897 by a mass‐mortality episode that resulted in the formation of the deposits. The population since then has never rebounded in its prime habitat, in spite of potential settlers being regularly available. 5. Dungeness crab larvae settle preferentially in the shell deposits, where the abundance of 0+ age juveniles is orders of magnitude higher than in the adjacent flats. We hypothesize that predation by juvenile crabs limits clam recruitment. 6. The introduction of Mya to Grays Harbor during the 1870s has had long‐lasting effects, which persist a century after their once large populations were decimated by a mass‐mortality event. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Growth, Maturation, Induced Spawning, and Production of the First Generation of South American Catfish, Pseudoplatystoma sp., in North America     

Konrad  Dabrowski  Murat  Arslan  Jacques  Rinchard Maria Esther  Palacios 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(2):174-183

Growth, plasma steroids, and the appearance of gonads (histology and gonadosomatic index) were followed in South American catfish (surubim, Pseudoplatystoma sp.) raised in captivity in the aquaculture facility at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, from 2003 until 2006. Broodstock growth showed a great individual variation and it did not seem sex dependent. The levels of 11‐ketotestosterone were high in males during the reproductive season. Three out of six females spawned after receiving two doses of carp pituitary extract (0.5 and 5 mg/kg) at 11‐h intervals. Fertilization was performed in only one female in February 2006. Egg size was 0.73 ± 0.06 mm in diameter at stripping. Two males released sperm, and it was used for fertilization. Sperm concentrations were 24 × 10⁹ and 15.5 × 10⁹ spermatozoa/mL in Male 1 and Male 2, respectively, and viability was confirmed after activation in 0.3% NaCl. Embryo survival at 9 h after fertilization was 44 and 23% for Male 1 and Male 2, respectively. Embryos hatched 15 h after fertilization. Larvae were 3.53 ± 0.09 mm in length at hatching and were successfully raised (72% survival after 2 wks) using live brine shrimp nauplii.  相似文献   

Use of Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Algae Removal: Effect on the Inactivation of Microalgae Belonging to Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scenedesmus</Emphasis>     

Marylia Duarte Batista  Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê  Julio Cesar de Souza Inácio Gonçalves 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(11):443

Excessive algae growth has generated conflicts on the use of water supplies; therefore, the focus on new technologies to remove algae from water bodies is demanding. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on the inactivation of microalgae belonging to genus Scenedesmus. A laboratory-scale experimental apparatus was built in order to accomplish this goal; it consisted of a Venturi device designed to generate the cavitation phenomenon. Suspended microalgae samples were treated for 60 minutes under different cavitation intensities (cavitation number—Cv—ranging from 0.17 to 0.27). Results evidenced that microalgae decay over time can be modeled through first-order kinetics. The maximum removal efficiency (85%) was recorded at the highest cavitation intensity (Cv?=?0.17). The removal efficiency decreased as the cavitation number increased. Hydrodynamic cavitation was effective in inactivating Scenedesmus; it produced irreversible damages to cell morphology such as flotation spines removal, cell wall lesions, cytoplasm extravasation, and cavity formation. Assumingly, hydrodynamic cavitation has great potential to treat eutrophic water bodies. Furthermore, it represents a sustainable removal technique, since it does not produce secondary pollution.  相似文献   

Longer wavelengths of light improve the growth, intake and feed efficiency of individually reared juvenile pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.)     

Ana Carolina Luchiari  Fulvio Aurélio de Morais Freire  Juhani Pirhonen  & Juha Koskela 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(8):880-886

We tested the effects of monochromatic light on the specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake and feed efficiency (FE) of juvenile pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.). Pikeperch were reared individually for 42 days in aquaria covered with blue, green, yellow or red gelatin filters or white paper (control; n =5). Linear regression analysis indicated a significant positive effect of longer wavelengths of light on the condition factor (CF), FE and SGR. The final weight, SGR and CF were significantly higher in fish reared under red than under white light, and FE was better under green, yellow and red light than under white light (Dunnett's post hoc test, P <0.05) while blue was comparable to white light in terms of the measured parameters. After the growth trial, the spectral sensitivity of photoreceptor cells in the retina was tested using microspectrophotometry, which revealed the presence of rods with λ_max at ca. 530 nm and two cone classes, absorbing maximally at ca. 535 and 603 nm, all containing a porphyropsin-based pigment. These results suggest that the presence of mid and long wavelength-sensitive cones enhances visual sensitivity under mid-wavelength and long-wavelength environments, and thus supports the finding that longer wavelengths of incoming light can improve FE and SGR of the cultivated pikeperch.  相似文献   

Live prey first feeding regimes for short‐snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles     

Francisco Otero‐Ferrer  Lucía Molina  Juan Socorro  Rogelio Herrera  Hipólito Fernández‐Palacios  María Soledad Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e8-e19

As with many species of seahorses, Hippocampus hippocampus wild populations are being subjected to uncontrolled exploitation in their natural environment. Thus, aquaculture could contribute to satisfy the commercial demand for animals while promoting the recovery of wild stocks. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of the substituting Artemia nauplii with rotifers for first feeding seahorse juveniles. Survival, growth and biochemical composition of prey organisms and fish were studied during the feeding trial. In addition, to help the biometric study, an anaesthetic test was also carried out using clove oil. The results showed excellent survival (average 60%) in juveniles exclusively fed with Artemia, with better values than those reported previously obtained by other authors for this species. By comparison, high mortality and poor growth were observed during first feeding with seahorses fed on rotifers. This could have been related to the lower energy intake and poorer nutritional value of the rotifers. Furthermore, clove oil concentrations of 25 ppm were found to work well as an anaesthetic for seahorse juveniles. Overall, first feeding Artemia alone was found to be an efficient and simplified method for feeding young H. hippocampus fry, building the principles for their culture for ornamental or re‐stocking purposes.  相似文献   

Cement Stabilization of Runoff Residuals: A Study of Stabilization/Solidification of Urban Rainfall–Runoff Residuals in Type 1 Portland Cement by XRD and 29Si NMR Analysis     

Carolina A. Pinto  John J. Sansalone  Frank K. Cartledge  Jo Dweck  Francisco R.V. Diaz  Pedro M. Büchler 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,188(1-4):261-270

Urban rainfall–runoff residuals contain metals such as Cr, Zn, Cu, As, Pb and Cd and are thus reasonable candidates for treatment using Portland cement-based solidification–stabilization (S/S). This research is a study of S/S of urban storm water runoff solid residuals in Portland cement with quicklime and sodium bentonite additives. The solidified residuals were analyzed after 28 days of hydration time using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and solid-state ²⁹Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the main cement hydration products are ettringite, calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium silicates. Zinc hydroxide and lead and zinc silicates are also present due to the reactions of the waste compounds with the cement and its hydration products. ²⁹Si NMR analysis shows that the coarse fraction of the waste apparently does not interfere with cement hydration, but the fine fraction retards silica polymerization.  相似文献   

SOYBEAN RESPONSE AND ION ACCUMULATION UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH SODIUM-RICH SALINE WATER     

Carolina Bustingorri  Raul Lavado 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1743-1753

The magnitude of crop growth and yield depends on the salinity level, the toxic ions present, and the irrigation system used. In order to study the effect of saline sprinkler irrigation on soybean growth and ionic accumulation in plant tissues a pot experiment was set up. There were three irrigation water quality treatments [electrical conductivity (EC) 0, 2, and 4 dS m^?1]. Soybean aerial biomass was 25% lower than the Control when irrigation salinity was 4 dS m^?1. Clearly salinity entering via leaves affected the grain filling stage and severely reduced soybean grain production (80% reduction) when salinity in irrigation water surpassed 2 dS m^?1. Sprinkler irrigation aggravates soybean's low salinity tolerance and restricts its cropping in such conditions. For early stages two linear relationships between leaf chloride (Cl^?) concentration (Y = 14.2–2x) or potassium (K⁺)/ sodium (Na⁺) ratio (Y = 5.3x?3.4) and soybean grain yield were found. Both relationships may be used as diagnostic tools for soybean growing under saline sprinkler irrigation.  相似文献