Use of organic amendments to reclaim saline and sodic soils: a review     

Rita Leogrande  Carolina Vitti 《Arid Land Research and Management》2019,33(1):1-21

Soil salinity and sodicity are land degradation processes that strongly alter soil quality and consequently plant productivity. The reclamation of soils affected by salinity and/or sodicity is an important goal to maintain the sustainability of production. The objectives of this review were (1) to investigate the effectiveness of different organic amendments to reclaim saline/sodic soils and improve environmental quality and productivity of agro-ecosystems and (2) to provide useful information on the most appropriate waste management for minimizing any potential risks. To achieve these aims, recently published literature, related to field and laboratory studies, considering the effects of a wide range of organic amendments on main soil properties, was collected. Results of these studies underline that input of exogenous organic matter (manure, plant residues, by-product of farming or municipal activities, etc.) can be a feasible way to reclaim soils with serious problems of salinity and sodicity. Optimal rates (not greater than 50 t ha^?1) of different organic amendments can improve physical (soil structure, permeability, water holding capacity, etc.) and chemical (pH, cation exchangeable capacity, etc.) soil properties, favoring plant growth and microbial activity, without any risks for the environment (subsoil and groundwater contamination). Of course, it is very important to characterize carefully the organic wastes before their use in agriculture and optimize their management, for avoiding further land degradation.  相似文献   

Canine ocular gliomas: a retrospective study     

Carolina Naranjo  Charles Schobert  Richard Dubielzig 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(6):356-362

Objective The purpose of this paper is to classify glial tumors observed in the canine retina and optic nerve, describe the histopathological features and provide prognostic information on these neoplasms. Methods The database of the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW) was searched to collect canine glioma cases. Clinical and follow-up information was gathered from submission forms and an extensive follow-up survey. Slides were reviewed to describe the histopathological characteristics of the neoplasm and classify them. Immunohistochemistry for Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) was performed in all cases. Results 18 canine glioma cases were found in the COPLOW database. There was no breed or gender predilection. The mean age was 9.33 ± 3.67 years. Follow-up information was available for 12 dogs, 8 of which were dead at the time of most recent contact, with a survival time ranging from 0 days (globes received after euthanasia) up to 20 months post-enucleation. In 6 of the 8 dogs that had died during this stud), tumor extended to the margin where the optic nerve had been sectioned. Light microscopic examination of the optic nerve of the affected eyes of four dogs that were still alive during this study revealed no tumor at this surgical margin. One neoplasm was classified as low-grade astrocytoma, 5 tumors as medium-grade astrocytoma, 11 tumors as high grade-astrocytoma and 1 tumor as oligodendroglioma. GFAP was positive in all but two tumors. Conclusion Retinal and optic nerve gliomas may be considered as differential diagnoses of intraocular and orbital masses. The metastatic potential appears to be low, but ascending invasion into the ventral aspect of the brain is possible.  相似文献   

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Hepatitis E virus in paired samples of feces and serum from naturally infected pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Salceda Fernndez-Barredo  Carolina Galiana  Angel García  Maria Teresa Gmez-Muoz  Santiago Vega  Manuel A. Rodríguez-Iglesias    Maria Teresa Prez-Gracia 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(3):236-240

This study describes the distribution of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in a naturally infected swine population and the genetic relatedness of HEV strains on swine farms in Spain. Of fecal and serum samples collected from 131 pigs and manure-ditch samples collected from 17 farms, HEV was detected in 16%, 14%, and 59%, respectively, for an overall prevalence rate of 23%. The maximum prevalence rates for feces and serum were in pigs 5 to 12 wk old. A high prevalence of the virus in feces (18%) was observed in sows. Gene sequencing was performed on 6 strains from feces, serum, and manure ditch: the nucleotide identities varied from 81.5% to 99% when compared with those of other strains of genotype 3 isolated from swine. This is the first study in Europe to show the variation in virus distribution by age in feces and serum in a naturally infected swine population.  相似文献   

Diagnostic potential of natriuretic peptides in the occult phase of golden retriever muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy     

Chetboul V  Tessier-Vetzel D  Escriou C  Tissier R  Carlos C  Boussouf M  Pouchelon JL  Blot S  Derumeaux G 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(6):845-850

The objective of the study was to determine whether the plasma concentrations of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively) could be reliable markers of cardiac alterations during occult cardiomyopathy in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD). Fifty Golden Retrievers without any clinical or radiographic sign of heart disease were included in this study (21 GRMD dogs and 29 controls). Controls and GRMD dogs were divided into 2 subgroups according to age (< and > or =12 months old, respectively). All dogs underwent echocardiography and determination of BNP and ANP plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. No ventricular dilatation or dysfunction was observed in either control or GRMD dogs. ANP plasma concentration did not differ significantly between controls and GRMD dogs (mean +/- SD = 72 +/- 49 versus 58 +/- 23 pg/mL, respectively, P = .21). This finding was confirmed in both subgroups of dogs (ie, those < and > or =12 months old). In contrast, BNP plasma concentrations were significantly higher in GRMD dogs than in controls (mean +/- SD = 117 +/- 92 versus 46 +/- 22 pg/mL, respectively, P < .05). In dogs > or =12 months old, sensitivity and specificity of BNP for identifying GRMD with a cutoff of 65 pg/mL were 78 and 86%, respectively. For the same cutoff value, sensitivity dropped to 42%, whereas specificity reached 100% in dogs <12 months old. In conclusion, BNP may be a useful biochemical marker of asymptomatic cardiomyopathy. However, this peptide does not allow very early detection because its optimal discriminatory power was observed in adult dogs (ie, > or =12 months of age).  相似文献   

Effect of temperature and diet on wound healing in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

Linda B. Jensen  Thomas Wahli  Charles McGurk  Tommy Berger Eriksen  Alex Obach  Rune Waagbø  Ana Handler  Carolina Tafalla 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(6):1527-1543

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Secondary succession in a fragmented Atlantic Forest landscape: evidence of structural and diversity convergence along a chronosequence     

Ladivania Medeiros do Nascimento  Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio  Maria Jesus Nogueira Rodal  Ana Carolina Borges Lins-e-Silva 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(6):501-513

Changes in physiognomy, species composition and structure, and dispersal mechanisms of canopy and subcanopy plant assemblages were investigated along a chronosequence of three ages: 12, 20, and 50+ years old (=old-growth), three replications in each, in an Atlantic Forest landscape in Northeastern Brazil. Our objective was to investigate whether there is floristic and structural convergence along secondary succession. There were significant differences between secondary and old-growth forests in density and basal area only for the subcanopy. Differences in density between forest ages were noted when the assemblage was analyzed per diameter and height classes. Richness of canopy species of both secondary ages differed from those of old-growth forests. Some dominant species in the canopy of secondary forests showed a significant decrease in density with increasing age, which indicates an ongoing process of floristic changes. The low level of shared species between secondary and old-growth forests supports the idea that species composition is one of the last components to recover during successional process. Zoochory was the most important dispersal guild in species percentage and number, irrespective of stand age. Although regenerating areas can take alternative pathways, our results indicate that secondary Atlantic Forest sites have a high potential for natural regeneration. This recovery is recorded as a physiognomic convergence of the canopy layer in as little as 12 years, and progressive introductions of later successional species into the plant assemblage that lead to convergence in terms of the diversity and richness of the subcanopy and of dispersal guilds just 20 years after abandonment.  相似文献   

Diurnal variations of central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in dogs from 8:00 am to 8:00 pm     

Eva Martín-Suárez  Carolina Molleda  Rodrigo Tardón  Alba Galán  José Gallardo  José Molleda 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(4):361-364

Diurnal variations in central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) and their relationships were studied in healthy dogs. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry and IOP by applanation tonometry in 16 beagle dogs. Measurements were taken every 90 min over 12 h (08:00 am to 08:00 pm). The mean CCT and IOP values obtained during the sampling period were 545.6 ± 21.7 μm (range: 471 to 595 μm) and 15 ± 2.2 mmHg (range: 10 to 19 mmHg), respectively. The CCT and IOP showed statistically significant decreases at 6:30 pm and 5:00 pm, respectively (P < 0.001). Central corneal thickness and IOP values were lower in the afternoon/evening than in the morning and were positively correlated. Both findings are important for the diagnostic interpretation of IOP values in dogs.  相似文献   

Acidifying and yeast extract in diets for adults cats     

Rosana C. S. Ogoshi  Márcio G. Zangeronimo  Jéssica S. Dos Reis  Janine França  João P. F. Santos  Carolina P. Pires  Ana F. Chizzotti  Adriano C. Costa  Lívia G. Ferreira  Flávia M. O. B. Saad 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(5):555-561

This study evaluated the effects of adding an acidifying agent based on phosphoric acid (A), a yeast extract from a specific strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Y) and the combination of these two additives in food for adult cats. A test was conducted with 24 animals (mean 3.5 years old), mixed breed, weighing 3.72 ± 0.74 kg, kept in individual metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial design (with or without A 0.6% of dry matter, with or without Y 1.5% of dry matter) totalling four treatments and six replicates of each condition. The experimental period was 15 days. The A or the Y reduced (P < 0.01) the dry matter intake, but the effect was not observed when they were associated. The association improved (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter and ashes. The A reduced urine pH (P = 0.05) regardless of the presence of the Y. There was no effect (P > 0.09) on other parameters evaluated. Results of this study show that the isolated use of 0.6% A or 1.5% Y in diets for cats is not recommended. However, the association of these two additives was beneficial in increasing nutrient digestibility.  相似文献   

Assessment of a portable prothrombin time analyzer (CoaguChek‐XS) in dogs     

Efrat Kelmer DVM  MS  DACVECC  Gilad Segev DVM  DECVIM  Carolina Codner DVM  Yaron Bruchim DVM  DACVECC  Sigal Klainbart DVM  DACVECC  Itamar Aroch DVM  DECVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(4):455-460

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SPORE series winner. Astronomical perspectives for young children     

Ödman-Govender CJ  Kelleghan D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1106-1107

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