Abomasal infusion of casein, starch and soybean oil differentially affect plasma concentrations of gut peptides and feed intake in lactating dairy cows     

Relling AE  Reynolds CK 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,35(1):35-45

The effects of specific nutrients on secretion and plasma concentrations of gut peptides (glucagon-like peptide-1((7-36)) amide (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK)) differ across species, but are not reported for cattle. Our objective was to determine acute (hours) and chronic (1 week) effects of increased abomasal supply of protein, carbohydrate, or fat to the small intestine on dry matter intake (DMI) and plasma concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, CCK, and insulin. Four mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment. Treatments were 7-day abomasal infusions of water, soybean oil (500 g/d), corn starch (1100 g/d), or casein (800 g/d). Jugular vein plasma was obtained over 7h at the end of the first and last day of infusions. Oil infusion decreased DMI on day 7, but total metabolizable energy (ME) supply (diet plus infusate) did not differ from water infusion. Casein and starch infusion had no effect on feed DMI; thus, ME supply increased. Decreased DMI on day 7 of oil infusion was accompanied by increased plasma GLP-1 concentration, but decreased plasma CCK concentration. Increased plasma GIP concentration was associated with increased ME supply on day 7 of casein and starch infusion. Casein infusion tended to increase plasma CCK concentration on both days of sampling, and increased plasma GLP-1 and insulin concentration on day 1 of infusion. The present data indicate a sustained elevation of plasma concentration of GLP-1, but not CCK, may contribute to the reduced DMI observed in dairy cows provided supplemental fat.  相似文献   

Application of cellular mechanisms to growth and development of food producing animals     

Reynolds LP 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(7):1724

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Comparison of 3 corneal cytology collection methods for evaluating equine ulcerative keratitis: Cytobrush,kimura platinum spatula,and handle edge of scalpel blade     

Laura Proietto  Sarah S. Beatty  Caryn E. Plummer 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(2):153-160

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Fluoroscopically guided neocanalization for treatment of nasolacrimal atresia in two horses     

William Berkowski  Caryn E. Plummer  Renata Ramos  Sarah Czerwinski  Dennis Brooks  Alex Gallagher 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(4):538-544

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Patient and tumour factors influencing canine mast cell tumour histological grade and mitotic index     

Benjamin D. Reynolds  Maurine J. Thomson  Kathleen O'Connell  Elizabeth J. Morgan  Bruce Gummow 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(3):338-344

The aim of this study was to identify patient and tumour factors most frequently associated with high histological grades of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). Search criteria in a shared database of multiple Animal Referral Hospital locations within Australia generated 400 canine MCTs in 286 patients. Patient and tumour data were extrapolated and the association between a tumour being histologically high grade and patient and tumour factors, including: patient breed, patient gender and neuter status, patient age at MCT excision, tumour location and tumour size was assessed using univariate analysis. The study consisted of 90 (21.9%) tumours meeting histological high‐grade criteria. Shar peis were the most likely breed to have high grade MCTs, whereas the Pug and the Golden Retriever were the least likely breeds to develop high‐grade MCTs. No significant difference in risks could be established between the age at which the tumour was excised, or the gender and neuter status of patients. MCTs of the inguinal region were the most likely single location to be high grade. Tumour size did not influence the likelihood of a tumour being high grade or low grade. The results of this study suggest that patient and tumour factors may play a role in the histological grades of canine MCTs.  相似文献   

Effect of early gestational undernutrition on angiogenic factor expression and vascularity in the bovine placentome     

Vonnahme KA  Zhu MJ  Borowicz PP  Geary TW  Hess BW  Reynolds LP  Caton JS  Means WJ  Ford SP 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(10):2464-2472

The effect of early gestation maternal undernutrition followed by realimentation on placentomal vascular growth and angiogenic factor expression was determined in multiparous beef cows bred to the same bull. Cows gestating only female fetuses (n = 30) were fed in equal numbers to meet the NRC requirements (control) or were fed below the NRC requirements to lose BW (nutrient restricted; NR) from d 30 to 125 of gestation. After slaughter on d 125 of gestation, 10 control and 10 NR cows were necropsied. The remaining NR cows (n = 5) were then fed to achieve a BCS equal to their control group contemporaries (n = 5) by d 220 of gestation. All cows were fed the control diet from d 220 until 250 of gestation, when the remaining control and NR cows were slaughtered and necropsied. At necropsy, placentomes were fixed via perfusion of the caruncular and cotyledonary arteries to determine capillary vascular density. Cotyledonary (fetal placental) and caruncular (maternal placental) tissues also were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and mRNA concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and its 2 specific receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase and kinase insert domain containing receptor, as well as placental growth factor, were determined. There was no effect of diet or day of gestation on the percentage of proliferating caruncular cells. Although diet did not impact cotyledonary cellular proliferation, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of proliferating cells on d 250 compared with d 125 of gestation. Nutrient restriction from d 30 to 125 increased (P < or = 0.10) placental mRNA concentrations of placental growth factor and fms-like tyrosine kinase; however, there was no alteration in vascularity. By d 250 of gestation, NR cows had increased (P < 0.05) caruncular capillary surface density and decreased (P < 0.05) cotyledonary capillary area density, capillary number density, and capillary surface density compared with control cows. Although nutrient restriction had little effect on placental vascularity by d 125, upon realimentation, alterations in vascularity became apparent by d 250 of gestation, suggesting a placental programming effect.  相似文献   

Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Volume in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Vascular Anomalies before and after Surgical Ligation     

Todd A. Deppe  Sharon A. Center  Kenneth W. Simpson  Hollis N. Erb  John F. Randolph  Nathan L. Dykes  Amy E. Yeager  Arleigh J. Reynolds 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(5):465-471

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal volume were evaluated in dogs with confirmed portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA) before and after surgical ligation of their PSVA. Pre- and postligation CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasonography with measurement of renal volume, and per rectal scintigraphy were performed to document resolution of abnormalities consistent with portosystemic shunting. GFR was estimated by plasma 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) clearance before (n = 21) and after (n = 12) surgical correction of PSVA. Preligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR was increased (median, 5.64 mL/minute/kg; range, 3.53-8.49 mL/minute/kg; reference range, 2.83-4.47 mL/minute/kg) in 81% (17/21) of dogs. Postligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR decreased in all 12 evaluated dogs (median change = -42%; P < .001). Preligation renal volume was above the reference range for the left and right kidneys in 71% (10/14) and 69% (11/16) of dogs evaluated, respectively. Right renal volume decreased significantly (n = 5; median change, -45%; P = .03) after surgical ligation of PSVA. These findings document increased GFR and renal volume in dogs with PSVA, which may explain in part the low blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations encountered in these dogs. Knowledge of changes in GFR associated with PSVA ligation may prove helpful in the anesthetic, drug, and dietary management of affected dogs.  相似文献   

Two Analytical Methods for the Measurement of 2,4-D in Oranges: an ELISA Screening Procedure and a GC-MS Confirmatory Procedure     

Kevan J. Williams  C. Richard James  Stephen A. Thorpe  Stewart L. Reynolds 《Pest management science》1997,50(2):135-140

Two analytical methods are presented for the determination of 2,4-D in oranges. The screening procedure uses a commercial ELISA kit, designed for the determination of 2,4-D in water. Good semi-quantitative screening data were obtained provided that the standard solutions used to construct the calibration curve were prepared in blank orange extract. The limited quantification range of the kit was due to the narrow linear range and differences in response to 2,4-D when present as the free acid and as various esters. A GC-MS confirmatory technique involved extraction of 2,4-D from oranges by homogenisation with methanol, filtration and esterification/transesterification with boron trifluoride-methanol. Recoveries for three spiking levels (0·2, 1·0 and 2·0 mg kg^-1) for 2,4-D and 2,4-D isopropyl ester were within the range 75–120%. In a small survey of retail oranges, 10 samples were screened using the ELISA kit and four were found to have >0·2 mg 2,4-D kg^-1. All four residues were confirmed by GC-MS. The ELISA procedure involves approximately half the staff effort of the GC-MS procedure. © 1997 SCI.  相似文献   

An Inter-laboratory Comparison Study of Two CEN Multi-residue Methods for Use in the Enforcement of Maximum Residue Levels for Pesticides in Fruit,Vegetables and Grain within the European Union     

S. L. Reynolds  R. J. Fussell  M. Caldow 《Pest management science》1997,50(2):164-166

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The use of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction: a review and series of 58 equine clinical cases (2002–2008)     

Caryn E. Plummer 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(S1):17-24

Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) is an effective clinical therapy for reconstruction of the ocular surface in human and veterinary patients. Amnion is avascular and strong, contains antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory properties and growth factors, and has properties that prevent or decrease fibrosis in healing tissue. Indications for its use are steadily growing and include grafting to replace diseased, missing or excised tissue, patching to support diseased tissue during the healing process and as a substrate for the expansion of epithelial cells for transplantation to the cornea. AMT through a combination of mechanical and biologic factors can preserve the integrity of the globe, optimize the visual outcome, and minimize scarring in severely diseased corneas.  相似文献