Evaluating ecological‐niche factor analysis as a modelling tool for environmental weed management in island systems     

H Costa  V Medeiros  E B Azevedo  L Silva 《Weed Research》2013,53(3):221-230

Management actions are essential for mitigating the potentially harmful changes in biodiversity, ecosystem function and crop/forest productivity caused by invasive species. Species distribution models, if reliable, could be used to design effective management strategies. Although several modelling methods well suited for studying invasive species have been developed for presence‐only data, often the size of available data sets for modelling is small and results are not validated with test samples. Moreover, the impact of such methods in practical applications has been overlooked. Here, we evaluated the reliability of the modelling approach based on ecological‐niche factor analysis (ENFA) implemented in Biomapper software when applied to environmental weed data in the Azores. Presence‐only data sets of two top invasive woody species (Pittosporum undulatum and Acacia melanoxylon) were used. The continuous Boyce curve was used for validation, calculated either in Biomapper (cross‐validation) or based on test samples. The species' most habitable areas that should be regarded as management targets were thus estimated from modelling and validation. By imposing size restrictions on the presence‐only data sets used in modelling and validation, other habitable areas were defined and compared. The ENFA proved to be a suitable method for modelling environmental weed distributions, regardless of the presence‐only dataset size. Moreover, the cross‐validation of Biomapper was reliable, although its results should be interpreted with caution as they could potentially lead to statistically different management target areas.  相似文献   

Brassica oleracea L. Var. costata DC and Pieris brassicae L. aqueous extracts reduce methyl methanesulfonate-induced DNA damage in V79 hamster lung fibroblasts     

Sousa C  Fernandes F  Valentão P  Rodrigues AS  Coelho M  Teixeira JP  Silva S  Ferreres F  Guedes de Pinho P  Andrade PB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(21):5380-5387

Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC leaves and Pieris brassicae L. larvae aqueous extracts were assayed for their potential to prevent/induce DNA damage. None of them was mutagenic at the tested concentrations in the Ames test reversion assay using Salmonella His(+) TA98 strains, with and without metabolic activation. In the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase mutation assay using mammalian V79 fibroblast cell line, extracts at 500 μg/mL neither induced mutations nor protected against the mutagenicity caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). In the comet assay, none of the extracts revealed to be genotoxic by itself, and both afforded protection, more pronounced for larvae extracts, against MMS-induced genotoxicity. As genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of Brassica vegetables are commonly attributed to isothiocyanates, the extracts were screened for these compounds by headspace-solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. No sulfur compound was detected. These findings demonstrate that both extracts could be useful against damage caused by genotoxic compounds, the larvae extract being the most promising.  相似文献   

Single-tube nested real-time PCR as a new highly sensitive approach to trace hazelnut     

J Costa  I Mafra  T Kuchta  MB Oliveira 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(33):8103-8110

Hazelnut is one of the most commonly consumed tree nuts, being largely used by the food industry in a wide variety of processed foods. However, it is a source of allergens capable of inducing mild to severe allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. Hence, the development of highly sensitive methodologies for hazelnut traceability is essential. In this work, we developed a novel technique for hazelnut detection based on a single-tube nested real-time PCR system. The system presents high specificity and sensitivity, enabling a relative limit of detection of 50 mg/kg of hazelnut in wheat material and an absolute limit of detection of 0.5 pg of hazelnut DNA (1 DNA copy). Its application to processed food samples was successfully achieved, detecting trace amounts of hazelnut in chocolate down to 60 mg/kg. These results highlight the adequacy of the technique for the specific detection and semiquantitation of hazelnut as potential hidden allergens in foods.  相似文献   

Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Medium Employing Polyurethane Foam as Adsorbent and Sodium Dodecylsulfate as Carrier     

Breno Tenório Leite  Nicolle Figueira Robaina  Luis Gustavo Teixeira dos Reis  Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto  Ricardo Jorgensen Cassella 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1303-1313

The present work describes a detailed study about the adsorption of malachite green (MG) by a polyether-type polyurethane foam (PUF) using sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a carrier. The adsorption process was based on the formation of a hydrophobic ionic-pair between the MG cationic dye and the dodecylsulfate anion, which presented high affinity for the PUF. The manifold employed in the study was built up by adjusting a cylinder of PUF with 200 mg in the arm of an overhead stirrer, which was soaked (and stirred) in the solution containing the dye and SDS. The adsorption process was characterized in relation to equilibrium and kinetic aspects. Langmuir (r ² = 0.842) and Freundlich (r ² = 0.996) isotherms were also employed for modeling the system as well as the Nernst partition law (r ² = 0.999). A study about the recovery of MG and the PUF regeneration was conducted, and the acetonitrile was the most efficient solvent for the desorption of the adsorbed ionic pair. The obtained results showed that the concentration of SDS added to the medium plays an important role on the adsorption process, which can be better described by employing a second-order kinetic model.  相似文献   

Sequential Application of Soil Vapor Extraction and Bioremediation Processes for the Remediation of Ethylbenzene-Contaminated Soils     

António Alves Soares  Maria Teresa Pinho  José Tomás Albergaria  Valentina Domingues  Maria da Concei??o M. Alvim-Ferraz  Paolo De Marco  Cristina Delerue-Matos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2601-2609

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is an efficient, well-known and widely applied soil remediation technology. However, under certain conditions it cannot achieve the defined cleanup goals, requiring further treatment, for example, through bioremediation (BR). The sequential application of these technologies is presented as a valid option but is not yet entirely studied. This work presents the study of the remediation of ethylbenzene (EB)-contaminated soils, with different soil water and natural organic matter (NOMC) contents, using sequential SVE and BR. The obtained results allow the conclusion that: (1) SVE was sufficient to reach the cleanup goals in 63% of the experiments (all the soils with NOMC below 4%), (2) higher NOMCs led to longer SVE remediation times, (3) BR showed to be a possible and cost-effective option when EB concentrations were lower than 335?mg?kg _soil ^?1 , and (4) concentrations of EB above 438?mg?kg _soil ^?1 showed to be inhibitory for microbial activity.  相似文献   

Adsorption of Aromatic Compounds Under Magnetic Field Influence     

Juliana Ferreira de Brito  Laís de Oliveira Ferreira  Maísa Carla Ragozoni Pereira  Joaquim Paulo da Silva  Teodorico C. Ramalho 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(6):3545-3551

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Adsorption Kinetics of Blue 5G Dye from Aqueous Solution on Dead Floating Aquatic Macrophyte: Effect of pH, Temperature, and Pretreatment     

Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen  Patricia Caroline Cervelin  Márcia Teresinha Veit  Gilberto da Cunha Gon?alves  Rosangela Bergamasco  Flávia Vieira da Silva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):4369-4381

The textile industry is known to generate large quantities of effluents contaminated with dyes that are not fixed to the fibers during the dyeing process. The available technologies to remove these dyes from the wastewater are expensive and ineffective. Within this context, low-cost, easy-maintenance technologies for the removal of dyes have been studied, such as adsorption on aquatic macrophytes. Thus, the macrophyte Salvinia sp., raw or pretreated with NaOH or H₃PO₄, was used as biosorbent of Blue 5G reactive dye. The study showed that pH and temperature affect the dye removal capacity. The analysis of the infrared spectrum (FTIR) showed that chemical treatment of the Salvinia sp. modified the biomass surface and affected dye adsorption capacity. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model satisfactorily described the experimental data for raw and NaOH-pretreated biomass, and the pseudo-first-order model was more appropriate to describe the experimental data obtained with H₃PO₄-pretreated biomass. The highest capacity of Blue 5G dye removal was obtained with raw biomass, at 333?K and pH?1.0, with 98.35?% adsorption.  相似文献   

Comparison of water‐retention functions obtained from the extended evaporation method and the standard methods sand/kaolin boxes and pressure plate extractor     

Uwe Schindler  Lothar Mueller  Milton da Veiga  Yuming Zhang  Sandro Schlindwein  Chunsheng Hu 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(4):527-534

Knowledge of the soil hydraulic functions is required for various hydrological studies and for the simulation of water and solute fluxes in unsaturated soils. Sand/kaolin boxes are frequently used to determine these properties in the low‐tension range. For higher tensions the pressure plate extractor is mainly applied. The extended evaporation method allows a more efficient determination of the water‐retention curve in an adequate range. Besides this method enables to quantify simultaneously the unsaturated hydraulic‐conductivity function. The objective of this study was to compare the water‐retention curves obtained from the standard methods (STM) with those determined with the extended evaporation method (EEM). A set of 90 natural soil samples of different texture and origin was analyzed, and the agreement between the methods was statistically evaluated. The average water‐content deviation (AWCD) of all samples was 1.83 vol.%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) 2.08 vol.%. The deviation of soil water‐storage capacity in the pore‐size classes 0–6, 6–30, 30–500, 500–1500 kPa varied between minimum –0.17 and 0.25 vol.% and maximum –2.89 and 2.36 vol.%, and confirmed the good comparability among the adopted methods. Systematic deviations between the methods were not found.  相似文献   

A study of potassium dynamics and mineralogy in soils from subtropical Brazilian lowlands     

Darines Britzke  Leandro Souza da Silva  Diovane Freire Moterle  Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer  Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(2):185-197

Purpose  

The dynamics and availability of potassium (K) in soils depend on many factors, including the mineralogy of fractions and the soil geochemical conditions. The objective of this work is to quantify K in distinct lowland soil compartments in the south of Brazil, relating them to particle size fractions and mineralogical constitution.  相似文献   

Nitrogen supply associated with rhizobacteria in the first productive cycle of Marandu grass     

Sampaio  Fernando Antônio Rebouças  Teixeira Filho  Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto  da Silva Oliveira  Carlos Eduardo  Jalal  Arshad  Boleta  Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli  de Lima  Bruno Horschut  Rosa  Poliana Aparecida Leonel  Galindo  Fernando Shintate  de Souza  Jeferson Silva 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(4):429-439

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The rhizobacteria of genus Azospirillum and Bacillus are effective at fixing atmospheric nitrogen, promote plant growth and can largely contribute to...  相似文献