Discovery of a major D-loop replication origin reveals two modes of human mtDNA synthesis     

Fish J  Raule N  Attardi G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5704):2098-2101

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication has long been considered to occur by asymmetric synthesis of the two strands, starting at the multiple origins of the strand-displacement loop (D-loop). We report the discovery of a major replication origin at position 57 in the D-loop of several human cell lines (HeLa, A549, and 143B.TK-) and immortalized lymphocytes. The nascent chains starting at this origin, in contrast to those initiated at the previously described origins, do not terminate prematurely at the 3' end of the D-loop but proceed well beyond this control point, behaving as "true" replicating strands. This origin is mainly responsible for mtDNA maintenance under steady-state conditions, whereas mtDNA synthesis from the formerly identified D-loop origins may be more important for recovery after mtDNA depletion and for accelerating mtDNA replication in response to physiological demands.  相似文献   

Biodiversity of nematode assemblages from the region of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone,an area of commercial mining interest     

P?John?D?LambsheadEmail author  Caroline?J?Brown  Timothy?J?Ferrero  Lawrence?E?Hawkins  Craig?R?Smith  Nicola?J?Mitchell 《BMC ecology》2003,3(1):1

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Evidence for Parachlamydia in bovine abortion     

Ruhl S  Casson N  Kaiser C  Thoma R  Pospischil A  Greub G  Borel N 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,135(1-2):169-174

Bovine abortion of unknown infectious aetiology still remains a major economic problem. In this study, we focused on a new possible abortigenic agent called Parachlamydia acanthamoebae. Retrospective samples (n=235) taken from late-term abortions in cattle were investigated by real-time diagnostic PCR for Chlamydiaceae and Parachlamydia spp., respectively. Histological sections of cases positive by real-time PCR for any Chlamydia-related agent were further examined by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies. Chlamydophila abortus was detected only in three cases (1.3%) by real-time PCR and ArrayTube Microarray playing a less important role in bovine abortion compared to the situation in small ruminants in Switzerland. By real-time PCR as many as 43 of 235 (18.3%) cases turned out to be positive for Parachlamydia. The presence of Parachlamydia within placental lesions was confirmed in 35 cases (81.4%) by immunohistochemistry. The main histopathological feature in parachlamydial abortion was purulent to necrotizing placentitis (25/43). Parachlamydia should be considered as a new abortigenic agent in Swiss cattle. Since Parachlamydia may be involved in lower respiratory tract infections in humans, bovine abortion material should be handled with care given the possible zoonotic risk.  相似文献   

Effects of a standardized purified dry extract from Echinacea angustifolia on proliferation and interferon gamma secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dairy heifers     

Hua Wu  Alessandro Nardone  Nicola Lacetera   《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(3):396-398

This study was performed to ascertain whether a standardized extract from Echinacea angustifolia (Polinacea™) affects proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).PBMC from six Holstein heifers were incubated with 0, 6.3, 20, 60, or 180 μg/ml of the tested compound. Proliferation was stimulated by concanavalin A (ConA) or pokeweed-mitogen (PWM). Secretion of IFN-γ was stimulated by ConA.All concentrations of Polinacea™ exerted a mitogenic effect. With respect to control PBMC (0 μg/ml), the lowest and highest increase of proliferation were observed with Polinacea™ at 6.3 (2-fold increase) or 180 (10-fold increase) μg/ml, respectively. Polinacea™ at 180 μg/ml reduced ConA-driven proliferation, whereas at 20 and 60 μg/ml improved proliferation of PWM-stimulated PBMC. IFN-γ secretion was not affected. In conclusion, Polinacea™ modulates bovine PBMC proliferation, and deserves to be tested in vivo to define conditions that may benefit from its utilization.  相似文献   

Characterization of viral loads, strain and state of equine herpesvirus-1 using real-time PCR in horses following natural exposure at a racetrack in California     

Pusterla N  Wilson WD  Mapes S  Finno C  Isbell D  Arthur RM  Ferraro GL 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(2):230-239

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Simulation of peak-demand hydrographs in pressurized irrigation delivery systems using a deterministic–stochastic combined model. Part I: model development     

Daniele Zaccaria  Nicola Lamaddalena  Christopher M. U. Neale  Gary P. Merkley  Nicola Palmisano  Giuseppe Passarella 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(3):209-224

This study describes a model named HydroGEN that was conceived for simulating hydrographs of daily volumes and hourly flow rates during peak-demand periods in pressurized irrigation delivery networks with on-demand operation. The model is based on a methodology consisting of deterministic and stochastic components and is composed of a set of input parameters to reproduce the crop irrigation management practices followed by farmers and of computational procedures enabling to simulate the soil water balance and the irrigation events for all cropped fields supplied by each delivery hydrant in a distribution network. The input data include values of weather, crop, and soil parameters, as well as information on irrigation practices followed by local farmers. The resulting model outputs are generated flow hydrographs during the peak-demand period, which allow the subsequent analysis of performance achievable under different delivery scenarios. The model can be applied either for system design or re-design, as well as for analysis of operation and evaluation of performance achievements of on-demand pressurized irrigation delivery networks. Results from application of HydroGEN to a real pressurized irrigation system at different scales are presented in a companion paper (Part II: model applications).  相似文献   

Crofting and bumblebee conservation: The impact of land management practices on bumblebee populations in northwest Scotland     

Nicola Redpath  Lynne M. Osgathorpe  Kirsty Park 《Biological conservation》2010,143(2):492-500

The northwest of Scotland is a stronghold for two of the UK’s rarest bumblebee species, Bombus distinguendus and Bombus muscorum. The predominant form of agricultural land management in this region is crofting, a system specific to Scotland in which small agricultural units (crofts) operate rotational cropping and grazing regimes. Crofting is considered to be beneficial to a wide range of flora and fauna. However, currently there is a lack of quantitative evidence to support this view with regard to bumblebee populations. In this study we assessed the effect of land management on the abundance of foraging bumblebees and the availability of bumblebee forage plants across crofts in northwest Scotland. The results of our study show that current crofting practices do not support high densities of foraging bumblebees. Traditional crofting practice was to move livestock to uplands in the summer, but this has been largely abandoned. Summer sheep grazing of lowland pasture had a strong negative impact on bumblebee abundance and forage plant availability throughout the survey period. The use of specific ‘bird and bee’ conservation seed mixes appears to improve forage availability within the crofted landscape, although the number of bees observed remained low. Of the forage plants available, the three most frequently visited species were from the Fabaceae. We therefore conclude that the creation of agri-environment schemes which promote the use of Fabaceae-rich seed mixes and encourage the removal of sheep grazing on lowland areas throughout the summer are essential in order to conserve bumblebee populations within crofted areas.  相似文献