Effects of crocin on frozen-thawed sperm apoptosis,protamine expression and membrane lipid oxidation in Yanbian yellow cattle     

YQ Lv  S Ji  X Chen  D Xu  XT Luo  MM Cheng  YY Zhang  XL Qu  Y Jin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(8):1011-1020

Glycerol is used as a bovine semen osmotic cryoprotectant that greatly improves the quality of frozen and thawed bovine sperm. However, high glycerol concentrations can have a toxic effect on frozen and thawed bovine sperm. Therefore, this experiment investigated the effect of replacing a portion of the glycerol in a cryoprotectant solution with crocin on the sperm apoptosis, protamine deficiency and membrane lipid oxidation of frozen and thawed Yanbian yellow cattle sperm. The experiment included a control group (6% glycerol) and four treatment groups: I (3% glycerol), II (3% glycerol +0.5 mM crocin), III (3% glycerol + 1 mM crocin) and IV (3% glycerol + 2 mM crocin). Computer assisted semen analysis was used to detect sperm motility, Hoechst 33,342, propidium iodide, and JC-1 staining were used to analyse sperm viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, chromomycin A3 staining was used to detect protamine deficiency and DNA damage, flow cytometry was used for sperm membrane lipid disorder detection and analysis, and real-time quantitative RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of protamine-related genes (PRM2, PRM3), sperm acrosome-associated genes (SPACA3), oxidative stress-related genes (ROMO1) and apoptosis-related genes (BCL2, BAX). Compared to the control group, replacing a portion of glycerol with 1 mM crocin significantly improved sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, membrane lipid disorders (p < .05) and viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, protamine deficiency (p < .01). The expression level of PRM2, PRM3, SPACA3 and BCL2 significantly increased (p < .05), while the expression levels of ROMO1 and BAX significantly decreased (p < .05). Accordingly, the BCL2/BAX ratio significantly increased (p < .05). In summary, the substitution of a portion of glycerol with crocin in cryoprotective solution improved the quality of Yanbian yellow cattle sperm after freezing and thawing.  相似文献   

Antioxidant potential of two red seaweeds from the Brazilian coasts     

Souza BW  Cerqueira MA  Martins JT  Quintas MA  Ferreira AC  Teixeira JA  Vicente AA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5589-5594

In this work, in vitro antioxidant activity of two Brazilian red seaweeds, Gracilaria birdiae and Gracilaria cornea, was characterized. The total phenolic content, the radical-scavenging activity and the antioxidant activity were determined in two solvent extracts of the algae. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) allowed identification of important antioxidant compounds. The ethanol extract of G. birdiae was found to have the highest value of total phenolic content: 1.13 mg of gallic acid equiv (GAE)/g of extract. The radical-scavenging activity of G. birdiae and G. cornea extracts has been evaluated at different extract concentrations; the IC(50) values of ethanolic extracts of G. cornea and G. birdiae were 0.77 and 0.76 mg mL(-1), respectively, while for methanolic extracts, the IC(50) values of G. cornea and G. birdiae were 0.86 and 0.76 mg mL(-1), respectively. The antioxidant activities of these two seaweeds' extracts as assessed by the β-carotene-linoleic acid assay were equally high, achieving values of β-carotene oxidation inhibition of up to 40%. Finally, in the methanolic extracts, LC-MS/MS allowed identification in both algae of two important antioxidants: apigenin and gallic acid.  相似文献   

Promotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by african grazers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SJ McNaughton  FF Banyikwa  MM McNaughton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5344):1798-1800

Experiments in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, provide direct evidence that large, free-ranging mammalian grazers accelerate nutrient cycling in a natural ecosystem in a way that enhances their own carrying capacity. Both nitrogen and sodium were at considerably higher plant-available levels in soils of highly grazed sites than in soils of nearby areas where animal density is sparse. Fencing that uncoupled grazers and soils indicated that the animals promote nitrogen availability on soils of inherently similar fertility and select sites of higher sodium availability as well as enhancing that availability.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSPLASIA IN A BASSET HOUND     

Assaf Lerer  Heather J. Chalmers  Noel MM Moens  Shawn D. Mackenzie  Kristin Kry 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(5):547-551

A 5‐month‐old intact male Basset Hound presented for evaluation of pain and crepitation during manipulation of the temporomandibular joint, worse on the right side. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head was performed. The CT images demonstrated the osseous features of temporomandibular joint dysplasia and facilitated a 3D reconstruction, which allowed better visualization of the dysplastic features. The patient responded to conservative management with a tape muzzle with no recurrence reported by the owner 6 months after presentation.  相似文献   

Effects of stocking density and size distribution on growth, survival and cannibalism in juvenile fat snook (Centropomus parallelus Poey)     

Camila Fernandes Corrêa  & Vinicius Ronzani Cerqueira 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(15):1627-1634

This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of stocking density and size distribution on growth, survival and cannibalism of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus Poey) juveniles. Three stocking densities (1.5, 3 and 6 fish L⁻¹) were tested in two groups of fish: homogeneous [total length (TL)=22.1 mm; coefficient of variation of length (CV)=8%] and heterogeneous (TL=22.7 mm; CV=15%). The experimental design was factorial (3 × 2) using triplicates. Fish were reared for 30 days in 80‐L circular tanks with an open flow‐through system. There was no significant interaction between the two factors (density and size distribution). The highest cannibalism rate (14.2%) was observed in the heterogeneous group, which also had a significantly higher growth rate (TL=45.6 mm) than the homogeneous group (3.2% and TL=40.9 mm). Significant differences were found between the two lowest densities and the highest density (6.2%, 6.3% and 13.4% respectively). Growth was not affected by fish density. Cannibalism was the main cause of mortality. In 90% of the occurrences, whole prey ingestion was observed. According to the results obtained, cannibalism was positively correlated to density, although size grading of fat snook juveniles is recommended to control cannibalism in all the densities tested.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS: Mechanisms of Disease: A Textbook of Comparative General Pathology.     

MM Williamson 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(1-2):54-54

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The development and integrity of equine pre‐antral follicles cultured in vitro with follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) supplementation          下载免费PDF全文

MC Max  CB Silva  SM González  AG Lindquist  I Búfalo  RG Gomes  F Morotti  CB Costa  TRR Barreiros  LA Lisboa  MM Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):899-904

This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of FSH (10, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml) in supplemented MEM+ on the development of equine pre‐antral follicles that were cultured in vitro for 2 or 6 days. The ovaries (n = 5) from mares in seasonal anoestrus were collected from a local abattoir. Ten ovarian tissue fragments of approximately 3 × 3 × 1 mm were obtained from each animal. The fragments were cultured in situ for 2 days (D2) or 6 days (D6) in MEM+ or MEM+ supplemented with FSH at four different concentrations, establishing the following 11 groups: control (D0); MEM + (D2); MEM + (D6); MEM + 10 ng/ml of FSH (D2); MEM + 10 ng/ml of FSH (D6); MEM + 50 ng/ml of FSH (D2); MEM + 50 ng/ml of FSH (D6); MEM + 100 ng/ml of FSH (D2); MEM + 100 ng/ml of FSH (D6); MEM + 200 ng/ml of FSH (D2); and MEM + 200 ng/ml of FSH (D6). Follicles were observed in only 9.65% (388 of 4,018) of the histological sections. Of the 861 follicles evaluated, 488 were in the primordial stage, and 373 were in various developmental stages; 59.7% were morphologically normal. Regarding the integrity of the pre‐antral follicles, the groups with 100 ng/ml FSH of 2‐days culture as well as 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml FSH of 6‐days culture provided the best results. In conclusion, the in vitro culture of abattoir‐derived equine ovarian fragments presented better morphological integrity when supplemented with FSH for 6 days, in comparison with the MEM culture group. However, no clear effects were observed with FSH regarding the promotion of activation from a primordial to a developing follicle.  相似文献   

Spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane in the diets of finishing lambs     

Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira  Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira  Adryanne Marjorie Souza Vitor Alves  Ana Caroline Cerqueira de Melo  Ida Barbosa de Andrade  Juraci Marcos Alves Suassuna  Leonardo José Assis de Barros  Tobias Tobit de Barros Melo  Janaina de Lima Silva 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(1):139-144

The effects of replacement of sugarcane by spineless cactus (0, 33, 66, and 100 % on dry matter (DM) basis) were evaluated on intake, digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, and performance of finishing lambs. Thirty-six non-castrated Santa Ines lambs at 4 months of age and an initial body weight of 22?±?2.3 kg were assigned in a randomized block design. A quadratic effect was found for intake of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and digestible organic matter (DOM), with maximum values of 1.31, 1.19, 0.219, 0.358, and 0.845 g/day estimated with 42.5, 38.5, 38.8, 21.3, and 44.9 % replacement level, respectively. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and EE increased linearly; however, there was a quadratic effect on NDF digestibility with maximum value estimated of 500 g/kg with 64.2 % replacement level. Rumination time, total chewing, and rumination efficiency decreased linearly with the replacement levels; however, idle time increased linearly. A quadratic effect was found for final weight, body weight gain, and total weight gain with maximum values estimated of 38.6 kg, 0.232 kg/day, and 16.2 kg with 39.1, 38.2, and 40.4 % replacing levels. The replacement of 49.5 % sugarcane by spineless cactus can be recommended as optimal level, and problems related to intake, digestibility, and performance are concentrated outside that level.  相似文献   

Survey of pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Brazilian field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Detection of C190A mutation in domain II of the para-type sodium channel gene     

Nogueira Domingues L  Dos Santos Alves Figueiredo Brasil B  Passos de Paiva Bello AC  Pinto da Cunha A  Thadeu Medeiros de Barros A  Cerqueira Leite R  Silaghi C  Pfister K  Friche Passos LM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(2-4):327-332

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus causes expressive damage to livestock in Brazil and other countries. Its control is becoming more difficult due to the development of resistance in populations. Early detection of resistance can help in developing effective control strategies. This study evaluated the susceptibility of R. microplus to cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos and was the first attempt to identify the mechanism of resistance (target site insensitivity) in cattle tick populations from Minas Gerais state (Southeastern Brazil). Engorged female ticks were collected from 10 ranches within the state of Minas Gerais, and susceptibility was evaluated with the larval packet test (LPT) using technical grade cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos. It was possible to analyze LPT results of seven populations. Target site insensitivity was investigated in all 10 isolates by using molecular approaches for detection of the T2134A substitution within the domain III S6 segment and the C190A in the domain II S4-5 linker from the para-type sodium channel gene. LPT showed that all seven populations were resistant to cypermethrin with resistance ratio (RR) ranging from 16.0 to 25.0 and 85.7% were resistant to chlorpyriphos (RR=2.2-15.6). Although the T2134A mutation was not detected, the C190A mutation was highly prevalent, being present in 82-100% of the alleles sampled in field populations. A significant correlation was found between the LC50 values for cypermethrin and the frequency of the C190A mutation suggesting that it might be responsible for the phenotypic resistance detected.  相似文献   

Characterization of atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) isolated from dogs     

de Almeida PM  Arais LR  Andrade JR  Prado EH  Irino K  Cerqueira Ade M 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(3-4):420-424

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), an important human pathogen has the ability to form attaching and effacing lesions on the intestinal epithelium and has been isolated from a wide range of species. Two EPEC subgroups are recognized: typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC) strains, differing by the presence of EAF plasmid and bundle-forming pilus (BFP) in typical strains and their absence in atypical strains. This study searched the presence of EPEC strains in 101 fecal samples of diarrheic (n=65) and non-diarrheic (n=36) dogs from two cities in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The isolates were evaluated for the presence of eae, tir, espA, espB and bfpA genes, EAF plasmid, and for the insertion site of the LEE locus. Cell-adherence assays, fluorescent actin staining (FAS) test, hemolysin production and serotyping were also performed. Twenty eight aEPEC isolates were recovered from 48 eae-positive fecal samples, 24 from diarrheic animals and 4 from non-diarrheic ones. PCR showed that most isolates was positive for β or γ intimin, and for β or α subtypes of tir, espA and espB. Six isolates showed a selC insertion of locus LEE. Only two isolates from the same diarrheic animal harbored the bfpA gene, and none presented the EAF plasmid. Most isolates was FAS-positive and showed a localized adherence-like (LAL) in a 6h HeLa cell-adherence assay. A wide diversity of serotypes was detected including O4:H16 and O51:H40, previously described in human disease. The phenotypic and genotypic markers of aEPEC isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs were similar to those found in isolates recovered from human disease.  相似文献