Risk assessment of outcrossing of transgenic rapessed to related species:     

M. C. Kerlan  A. M. Chèvre  F. Eber  A. Baranger  M. Renard 《Euphytica》1992,62(2):145-153

Summary The risk for a gene dispersal is reported for reciprocal crosses between a transgenic rapeseed variety resistant to the herbicide phosphinotricin and five related species. The first stages after pollination were cytologically observed and fertilized ovaries were established in in vitro culture for the production of interspecific hybrids. A similar classification was observed for the index of pollination compatibility and embryo yield. From the 243 embryos produced, 109 plantlets were obtained in a greenhouse. All the interspecific combinations tested were able to produce hybrid plants. A higher number of hybrids was obtained when rapeseed was used as the female parent. The hybrids had the expected triploid structure except for two amphidiploid, B. napus × B. oleracea, and one amphidiploid, B. napus × S. arvensis, plants with 56 chromosomes. The triploid hybrids were sterile or partially fertile but two of the amphidiploid plants, B. napus × B. oleracea, were fully fertile. The cytoplasm source did not seem to affect the fertility of the hybrids.  相似文献   

Genetic variation for tolerance or resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in durum wheat     

F. Chéour  A. Comeau  A. Asselin 《Euphytica》1989,40(3):213-220

Summary One durum wheat line (Triticum durum), cv. 82PCD476, with useful BYDV tolerance or resistance, was singled out of 5 152 lines evaluated between 1979 and 1986. A few other lines such as cv. Boohai and cv. 12th IDSN 227, slightly inferior to cv. 82PCD476, also showed some value. With an hybrid of cv. 12th IDSN227 with the susceptible cv. 84PCY-S531, broad-sense heritability values of 0.37–0.41 were obtained for symptoms and a heritability value of 0.55 was obtained for the total weight of spikes. The weight of spikes was considered as a good indicator of wheat tolerance to BYDV. Although BYDV resistance or tolerance genes are not very common in durum wheat, sources of heritable resistance could be found. However, the resistance ofT. aestivum to BYDV was superior to the one found inT. durum.Cintribution no. 323  相似文献   

Gunning,B.E.S. and A.W. Robards (Herausgeber): Intercellular Communication in Plants: Studies of Plasmodesmata. Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1976, 387 Seiten, 90 Abb. Ln. DM 72,—     

Ch. Hecht-Buchholz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1977,140(2):248-249

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Magnetism from the atom to the bulk in iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters     

Billas IM  Châtelain A  de Heer WA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,265(5179):1682-1684

Molecular beam deflection measurements of small iron, cobalt, and nickel clusters show how magnetism develops as the cluster size is increased from several tens to several hundreds of atoms for temperatures between 80 and 1000 K. Ferromagnetism occurs even for the smallest sizes: for clusters with fewer than about 30 atoms the magnetic moments are atomlike; as the size is increased up to 700 atoms, the magnetic moments approach the bulk limit, with oscillations probably caused by surface-induced spin-density waves. The trends are explained in a magnetic shell model. A crystallographic phase transition from high moment to low moment in iron clusters has also been identified.  相似文献   

Aligned carbon nanotube films: production and optical and electronic properties     

Deheer WA  Bacsa WS  Châtelain A  Gerfin T  Humphrey-Baker R  Forro L  Ugarte D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,268(5212):845-847

Carbon nanotube material can now be produced in macroscopic quantities. However, the raw material has a disordered structure, which restricts investigations of both the properties and applications of the nanotubes. A method has been developed to produce thin films of aligned carbon nanotubes. The tubes can be aligned either parallel or perpendicular to the surface, as verified by scanning electron microscopy. The parallel aligned surfaces are birefringent, reflecting differences in the dielectric function along and normal to the tubes. The electrical resistivities are anisotropic as well, being smaller along the tubes than perpendicular to them, because of corresponding differences in the electronic transport properties.  相似文献   

Toxic effects of two organophosphate insecticides,monocrotophos and dichlorvos to common earthworm Lampito Mauritii (Kinberg)     

Ch. Bharathi  B. V. S. S. R. Subba Rao 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,28(1-2):127-130

The lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ 96 h^?1) were measured experimentally by exposing the earthworms (Lampito mauritii) in moist vermiculite and in water. The morphological changes observed during the exposure of animals to the monocrotophos and dichlorvos were outlined. The mortality rate was higher in the water medium than in moist vermiculite. The hyperactivity at low pesticide concentrations is found to influence the size of the population.  相似文献   

Analysis of two bentonites of enological interest before and after commercial activation by solid Na(2)CO(3)     

Gougeon RD  Soulard M  Miehé-Brendlé J  Chézeau JM  Le Dred R  Jeandet P  Marchal R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(14):4096-4100

Two natural calcium-rich bentonites used for the removal of wine proteins, originating from Greece and Turkey, were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and solid state NMR, before and after activation by solid Na(2)CO(3). Exchange of Ca(2+) by Na(+) mainly occurs for cations located at the edge of layers and only weakly for interlayer cations. This Na(2)CO(3) activation process leads to an increased efficiency in the adsorption process of bovine serum albumin (BSA) used as a model protein for both bentonites. A direct correlation is observed between the extent of Ca(2+)/Na(+) exchange, the strength of adsorption of BSA, and the extent of unfolding of BSA backbone.  相似文献   

Book Review: A. Singh,O. P. Ward (eds.): Biodegradation and Bioremediation.     

H.‐Ch. Fründ 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(2):283-284

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Isozyme analysis of genetic diversity in wild Sicilian populations of Brassica sect. Brassica in view of genetic resources management     

Anna Geraci  Anne-Marie Chèvre  Isabelle Divaret  Frédérique Eber  Francesco M. Raimondo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(2):137-146

In Sicily and in the small surrounding islands the section Brassica of the genus Brassica comprises five species, B. insularis Moris, B. incana Ten., B. macrocarpa Guss., B. rupestris Raf. and B. villosa Biv. These taxa represent a genetic resource as relatives of kale crops but some populations are endangered or threatened, thus isozyme analyses were performed to assess the genetic diversity degree at population and species levels in order to assist the design of conservation management programs.Eleven loci from five enzyme systems (aconitase, leucine aminopeptidase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase phosphoglucomutase) were analyzed in sixteen natural population (fifteen from Sicily, one from Calabria). Mean within-population genetic diversity was moderate (P = 41%, A = 1.54, H = 0.16). In some cases a great number of heterozygous individuals were detected, in other cases fixation index (F) deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg genotypic expectations.A total of 37 alleles was recognized, six of which resulted exclusive to single populations. The among-population component of the total genetic diversity (Gst mean values) for each species was 0.30–0.37, indicating genetic differentiation among populations.Among B. villosa and B. rupestris populations genetic distance values resulted rather low and they resulted high with B. incana and B. macrocarpa populations.The results are discussed with regard to the distribution of the genetic diversity level and the genetic resources management.  相似文献   

Effect of therapeutic dietary biotin on the healing of uncomplicated sole ulcers in dairy cattle--a double blinded controlled study.     

Ch J Lischer  U Koller  H Geyer  Ch Mülling  J Schulze  P Ossent 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,163(1):51-60

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of orally administered biotin on the healing of uncomplicated sole ulcers in dairy cattle. In a double-blind controlled study, 24 dairy cows with a mild, uncomplicated sole ulcer on a lateral hind claw were given either 40 mg biotin per day or a placebo feed over a period of 50 days. An orthopaedic shoe was fitted to the medial claw of the affected foot. The healing process was assessed clinically and by histological examination of horn samples. In the biotin-treated animals, the newly formed epidermis covering the sole ulcers was found to be of significantly better histological quality after 50 days than at the start of the study. The significant improvement in histological horn quality found in the biotin-treated animals suggests that biotin exerts a positive influence on the healing of sole ulcers, however the study period of 50 days appears to have been too short to permit macroscopic detection of the improvement in horn quality.  相似文献