Volume increase of individual tubers of potatoes grown under field conditions     

Ch. M. S. Ahmed  G. R. Sagar 《Potato Research》1981,24(3):279-288

Summary Non-destructive observations of the growth of every tuber on nine individual potato plants grown in the field revealed great variation in total number of tubers per plant, total tuber volume per plant and the volumes of individual tubers. The number of tubers was established early but the rates of increase in total and mean tuber volume changed greatly up to a short time before the final harvest. The growth rates of individual tubers on each plant also showed great variation and it was clear that the largest tuber at any one time was not necessarily the largest at a later time. Both the duration of the main period of growth and growth rates varied and acted independently to determine the final size of a tuber.

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Zusammenfassung Viele Jahre wurden zur Ernte die Variationen in der Knollenzahl und-gr?sse zwischen und an Einzelpflanzen beobachtet. Die Ursachen für diese Variationen sind schwer verst?ndlich und einer der Gründe ist der Mangel an Information über die Art wie die Einzelknollen w?hrend der Periode des Knollenwachstums wachsen. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst die Messung des Volumens aller Knollen von 9 Pflanzen, die in speziellen Gef?ssen im Feld gewachsen waren, zu 7 verschiedenen Terminen zwischen der Knollenbildung und dem Absterben des Krautes. Die Spezialbeh?lter hatten einen mit Sand gefüllten oberen Plastikring, in dem die Stolonen und Knollen wuchsen. Der Sand wurde in Zeitabst?nden entfernt und wieder aufgefüllt, um ein nicht st?rendes Messen des Volumens der Einzelknollen zu gestatten. Die Wurzeln der Pflanzen entwickelten sich im natürlichen Ackerboden unter dem Ring (Abb. 1). Die Zahl der Knollen/Pflanze schwankte zwischen 1 und 12 (Tab. 1) und das Volumen aller Knollen/Pflanze von 60 bis 600 cm³ (Abb. 2). Die Muster der Gr?ssenzunahme variierten. Vier Pflanzen zeigten im allgemeinen eine lineare Zunahme des Volumens, drei eine reduzierte Zunahme in der Mitte des Gr?ssenwachstums und eine steigerte — nach einem langsamen Beginn —die Zunahme (Abb. 2). Die Steigerung im durchschnittlichen Knollenvolumen/Pflanze variierte ebenfalls (Abb. 3), aber infolge der Unterschiede in der Zahl der Knollen/Pflanze, war die Rangfolge der Pflanzen nicht die selbe wie beim Gesamtvolumen. Abb. 4 (a-h) zeigt die Volumenzunahme von Einzelknollen. Die Variation schliesst fast alle theoretischen M?glichkeiten ein (verschiedene Startzeiten, verschiedene Zuwachsraten im Volumen, verschiedene Daten des Wachstumsstillstandes). In der Diskussion werden einige der m?glichen Gründe für die Variabilit?t innerhalb der Pflanze geprüft und es wird versucht, den Schluss zu ziehen, dass die Einzelknollen wahrscheinlich ihr Wachstum selbst bestimmen.

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Résumé La variation du nombre et de la taille des tubercules d'une même plante et de différentes plantes au moment de la récolte a été observée depuis de nombreuses années. Les causes de variation sont mal comprises, en particulier parce que l'on manque d'informations sur la croissance de chaque tubercule pris individuellement tout au long de la période de végétation. Cette publication décrit les travaux de mesure du volume de tous les tubercules de neuf plantes cultivées dans des unités spéciales disposées dans le champ; les mesures ont été effectuées à 7 dates entre la tubérisation et le défanage. Les unités spéciales (fig. 1) ont un anneau supérieur rempli de sable dans lequel poussent les stolons et les tubercules. Le sable est enlevé, puis remplacé pour permettre une mesure non destructive du volume de chaque tubercule. Les racines des plantes se développent dans le sol du champ, en-dessous des anneaux. Le nombre de tubercules par plant a varié de 1 ⦏ 12 (tableau 1) et le volume total de tubercules par plante s'est étendu de 60 à 600 cm³ (fig. 2). Les fa?ons de tubériser ont également varié. Les vitesses de croissance en volume de 4 plantes ont été tout le temps linéaires, celles de 3 plantes ont été réduites pendant la moitié de la tubérisation, et celle d'une plante a augmenté après un départ lent (fig. 2). Les vitesses de croissance du volume moyen des tubercules par plante ont été aussi très variables (fig. 3), mais à cause des différences de nombre de tubercules par plante, l'ordre des plantes n'était pas le même que pour le volume brut. La fig. 4 (a-h) montre l'augmentation de volume des tubercules pris individuellement. La variation inclut presque toutes les possibilités théoriques (différentes dates d'initiation, différentes vitesses de croissance de volume, différentes dates de fin de croissance). Dans la discussion, plusieurs des causes possibles de variabilité intra-plante sont examinées et il est suggéré que chaque tubercule détermine très probablement sa propre croissance.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Cleome viscosa and Gmelina asiatica     

Sudhakar M  Rao ChV  Rao PM  Raju DB 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(1):47-49

The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flowers of Cleome viscosa and roots of Gmelina asiatica were tested for antimicrobial activity. The two plants exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly significative against Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf extract of C. viscosa showed moderate activity against pathogenic fungi.  相似文献   

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for canine CD138 (syndecan‐1) for nuclear medicine preclinical trials on spontaneous tumours          下载免费PDF全文

M. Diab  F. Nguyen  M. Berthaud  C. Maurel  J. Gaschet  E. Verger  C. Ibisch  C. Rousseau  M. Chérel  J. Abadie  F. Davodeau 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(3):932-951

We isolated 11 antibodies specific for canine CD138 (cCD138) to validate the interest of CD138 antigen targeting in dogs with spontaneous mammary carcinoma. The affinity of the monoclonal antibodies in the nanomolar range is suitable for immunohistochemistry and nuclear medicine applications. Four distinct epitopes were recognized on cCD138 by this panel of antibodies. CD138 expression in canine healthy tissues is comparable to that reported in humans. CD138 is frequently expressed in canine mammary carcinomas corresponding to the human triple negative breast cancer subtype, with cytoplasmic and membranous expression. In canine diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, CD138 expression is associated with the ‘non‐germinal center’ phenotype corresponding to the most aggressive subtype in humans. This homology of CD138 expression between dogs and humans confirms the relevance of tumour‐bearing dogs as spontaneous models for nuclear medicine applications, especially for the evaluation of new tumour targeting strategies for diagnosis by phenotypic imaging and radio‐immunotherapy.  相似文献   

Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia in a Healthy Patient Returning from a Trip to the Ecuadorian Amazonia          下载免费PDF全文

A. C. Chávez  S. Barrera  A. Leon  G. Trueba 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(5):391-393

Campylobacter fetus is an opportunistic pathogen which causes bacteremia and other invasive infections in immunocompromised patients who have been exposed to livestock or ingested animal products (uncooked meat or unpasteurized milk). The present report describes a C. fetus infection in a healthy adult (immunocompetent) who returned from a visit to the Ecuadorian Amazonia and who did not report exposure to the typical sources of infection.  相似文献   

Study on reproductive performance of Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred dairy heifers and cows at smallholdings in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam     

Cuong Nguyen-Kien  Nguyen Van Khanh  Christian Hanzen 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(3):483-489

The reproductive performance of Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred dairy heifers and cows was evaluated at smallholdings in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The data of 232 heifers and 244 cows (261 lactations) from 35 small dairy farms was collected over a 2-year period, from 2013 to 2014. The overall mean for age at first service (AFS), days between first and last service (DFLS), and age at conception (AC) of heifers was 479 (±80), 38 (±80), and 517 (±114) days, respectively. Average number of services per conception (NSC), conception rate (CR), and conception rate at first service (CRFS) was 1.8 (±1.4), 55, and 58%, respectively. The overall mean for the waiting period (WP), DFLS, and days open (DO) of cows was 109 (±52), 133 (±114), and 242 (±129) days, respectively. The mean for NSC, CR, and CRFS was 4.3 (±2.7), 23, and 14%, respectively. A very significant decrease in AFS and AC according to the year of birth, and a significant increase in AFS according to body weight at first insemination (>320 kg) were observed. The CRFS of heifers inseminated in 2013 was significantly higher than in 2014. Monthly mean CR in heifers and cows was negatively correlated with THI. The WP, DFLS, DO, and NSC of cows significantly decreased according to the year of calving. Cows that calved in rainy season had a significantly longer WP than in dry season. The occurrence of postpartum (PP) diseases was accompanied by an increase in WP, DO, and NSC. A decrease in body condition score (BCS) between calving and 60th day (C60) and also between 60th and 120th day of lactation resulted in a significant increase in WP and DO. A decrease in BCS between C60 was also accompanied by a considerable reduction in CRFS of cows. Season and BCS at insemination had a significant effect on NSC and CR of cows. Reproductive performance was satisfactory for heifers, but poor for cows. Losses of BCS during the first months of lactation and at insemination were the major risk factors for this poor performance. Moreover, the season had a more negative effect on fertility in cows than in heifers.  相似文献   

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema in a Mining Worker With an Abnormal Rise in Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Response to Acute Hypoxia Without Prior History of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema     

Almaz Ch. Akunov  Meerim A. Sartmyrzaeva  Abdirashit M. Maripov  Kubatbek Muratali uulu  Argen T. Mamazhakypov  Akylbek S. Sydykov  Akpay Sh. Sarybaev 《The Forestry Chronicle》2017,28(3):234-238

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