City–forest relationship in Nagpur: One of the greenest cities of India     

Arun Chaturvedi  Rahul Kamble  N.G. Patil  Alka Chaturvedi 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(1):79-87

There are sporadic reports on urban forests in Indian cities. Nagpur is one of the greenest cities of India with 18 per cent of its area under forests and plantations, 17 per cent under cultivation and 2 per cent under water bodies. The present study showed that natural vegetation of the city is very well diversified with a representation of 59 per cent vegetation including 124 trees species belonging to 38 families as compared with the overall district vegetation statistics. Air quality in the city is relatively better with lower SO₂ (6 μg/m³), NO₂ (18 μg/m³) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matters (RSPM, 53 μg/m³) as against National Ambient Air Quality Standards (2009) for cities in India of 80, 80 and 100 μg/m³, respectively. It was also noted that the diversity in natural forests which are being protected is greater than the plantations undertaken by the civic authorities and private sector efforts. The study thus demonstrated the positive relationship of the city with diversified vegetation cover for cleaner environment. The analysis is expected to guide formulation of strategies for maintaining green space in the city.  相似文献   

Ontogeny of in vitro shoot organogenesis from axillary meristem explants in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)     

Jaya Srivastava  Alok Das  Khela Ram Soren  Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi  Nagaswamy Nadarajan  Subhojit Datta 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(3):245-250

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods.  相似文献   

Inhibition of rabies virus multiplication by siRNA delivered through adenoviral vector in vitro in BHK-21 cells and in vivo in mice     

Arvind A. Sonwane  Shyam S. Dahiya  Mohini Saini  V.K. Chaturvedi  R.P. Singh  Praveen K. Gupta 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):498-503

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Abiotic stresses,constraints and improvement strategies in chickpea     

Uday C. Jha  Sushil K. Chaturvedi  Abhishek Bohra  Partha S. Basu  Muhammad S. Khan  Debmalya Barh 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(2):163-178

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is cultivated mostly in the arid and semi‐arid regions of the world. Climate change will bring new production scenarios as the entire growing area in Indo–Pak subcontinent, major producing area of chickpea, is expected to undergo ecological change, warranting strategic planning for crop breeding and husbandry. Conventional breeding has produced several high‐yielding chickpea genotypes without exploiting its potential yield owing to a number of constraints. Among these, abiotic stresses include drought, salinity, water logging, high temperature and chilling frequently limit growth and productivity of chickpea. The genetic complexity of these abiotic stresses and lack of proper screening techniques and phenotyping techniques and genotype‐by‐environment interaction have further jeopardized the breeding programme of chickpea. Therefore, considering all dispiriting aspects of abiotic stresses, the scientists have to understand the knowledge gap involving the physiological, biochemical and molecular complex network of abiotic stresses mechanism. Above all emerging ‘omics’ approaches will lead the breeders to mine the ‘treasuring genes’ from wild donors and tailor a genotype harbouring ‘climate resilient’ genes to mitigate the challenges in chickpea production.  相似文献   

Electrochemical principles for active control of liquids on submillimeter scales     

BS Gallardo  VK Gupta  FD Eagerton  LI Jong  VS Craig  RR Shah  NL Abbott 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5398):57-60

Electrochemical methods were combined with redox-active surfactants to actively control the motions and positions of aqueous and organic liquids on millimeter and smaller scales. Surfactant species generated at one electrode and consumed at another were used to manipulate the magnitude and direction of spatial gradients in surface tension and guide droplets of organic liquids through simple fluidic networks. Solid microparticles could be transported across unconfined surfaces. Electrochemical control of the position of surface-active species within aqueous films of liquid supported on homogeneous surfaces was used to direct these films into periodic arrays of droplets with deterministic shapes and sizes.  相似文献   

Utilization of waste blood from slaughter houses in poultry feed     

D S Chaudhary  M L Chaturvedi 《The Indian veterinary journal》1966,43(3):247-249

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Predictive models for biomass and carbon stocks estimation in Grewia optiva on degraded lands in western Himalaya     

Archana Verma  R. Kaushal  N. M. Alam  H. Mehta  O. P. Chaturvedi  D. Mandal  J. M. S. Tomar  A. C. Rathore  Charan Singh 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(5):895-905

Grewia optiva Drummond is one of important agroforestry tree species grown by the farmers in the lower and mid-hills of western Himalaya. Different models viz., monomolicular, logistic, gompetz, allometric, rechards, chapman and linear were fitted to the relationship between total biomass and diameter at breast height (DBH) as independent variable. The adjusted R² values were more than 0.924 for all the seven models implying that all models are apparently equally efficient. Out of the six non-linear models, allometric model (Y = a × DBH ^b ) fulfils the validation criterion to the best possible extent and is thus considered as best performing. Biomass in different tree components was fitted to allometric models using DBH as explanatory variable, the adjusted R² for fitted functions varied from 0.872 to 0.965 for different biomass components. The t values for all the components were found non-significant (p > 0.05), thereby indicating that model is valid. Using the developed model, the estimated total biomass varied from 6.62 Mg ha^?1 in 4 year to 46.64 Mg ha^?1 in 23 year old plantation. MAI in biomass varied from 1.66–2.05 Mg ha^?1 yr^?1. The total biomass carbon stocks varied from 1.99 Mg ha^?1 in 4 year to 15.27 Mg ha^?1 in 23 year old plantation. Rate of carbon sequestration varied from 0.63–0.81 Mg ha^?1 yr^?1. Carbon storage in the soil up to 30 cm soil depth varied from 25.4 to 33.6 Mg ha^?1.  相似文献   

Carbon density and accumulation in woody species of tropical dry forest in India     

R.K. Chaturvedi  A.S. RaghubanshiJ.S. Singh 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(8):1576-1588

We studied the carbon density and accumulation in trees at five sites in a tropical dry forest (TDF) to address the questions: how is the TDF structured in terms of tree and carbon density in different DBH (diameter at breast height) classes? What are the levels of carbon density and accumulation in the woody species of TDF? Is the vegetation carbon density evenly distributed across the forest? Does carbon stored in the soil reflect the pattern of aboveground vegetation carbon density? Which species in the forest have a high potential for carbon accumulation? The WSG among species ranged from 0.39 to 0.78 g cm⁻³. Our study indicated that most of the carbon resides in the old-growth (high DBH) trees; 88-97% carbon occurred in individuals ?19.1 cm DBH, and therefore extra care is required to protect such trees in the dry forest. Acacia catechu, Buchanania lanzan, Hardwickia binata, Shorea robusta and Terminalia tomentosa accounted for more than 10 t ha⁻¹ carbon density, warranting extra efforts for their protection. Species also differed in their capacity to accumulate carbon indicating variable suitability for afforestation. Annually, the forest accumulated 5.3 t-C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ on the most productive, wettest Hathinala site to 0.05 t-C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ on the least productive, driest Kotwa site. This study indicated a marked patchy distribution of carbon density (151 t-C ha⁻¹ on the Hathinala site to 15.6 t-C ha⁻¹ on the Kotwa site); the maximum value was more than nine times the minimum value. These findings suggest that there is a substantial scope to increase the carbon density and accumulation in this forest through management strategies focused on the protection, from deforestation and fire, of the high carbon density sites and the old-growth trees, and increasing the stocking density of the forest by planting species with high potential for carbon accumulation.  相似文献   

Structure and Function of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus deltoides</Emphasis> Agroforestry Systems in Eastern India: 1. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dry matter dynamics</Emphasis>     

D.?K.?DasEmail author  O.?P.?Chaturvedi 《Agroforestry Systems》2005,65(3):215-221

Agroforestry systems based on poplar (Populus deltoides) are becoming popular in eastern and northern parts of India. Therefore studies on the structure and function of the systems are important. The investigations included allometric equations for above- and belowground tree components, crop and plantation floor biomass and litter fall estimation at Pusa, Bihar, India. Biomass, floor litter mass, litter fall and net primary productivity (NPP) of plantations increased with an increase in age of trees whereas, crop biomass for any specific crop interplanted with poplar decreased with the age of the plantation. The total plantation biomass increased from 12.08 to 90.59 Mg ha⁻¹ and NPP varied from 5.69 to 27.9 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The biomass accumulation ratio ranged from 2.1 to 3.2. Total annual litter fall was in between 1.95 and 10.00 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, of which 92–94% was contributed by leaf litter. Compartmental models were developed for dry matter distribution in agroforestry systems involving young (3-year-old) and mature (9-year-old) poplar trees interplanted with various crops, the crops being grown in two rotations maize (Zea mays) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) – turmeric (Curcuma domestica) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) – turmeric. This study substantiates the potential of Populus deltoides G₃ under agroforestry combinations.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding crude Red Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) and grain Amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus) to hens on total lipids,cholesterol, PUFA levels and acceptability of eggs     

Punita A  Chaturvedi A 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2000,55(2):147-157

Eggs, though a very nutritious food, also have high amounts of cholesterol and hence are not recommended to be consumed regularly by persons having hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this context, an attempt was made in this study to reduce the cholesterol content of eggs by diet manipulation, using two naturally available and already proved hypocholesteromic agents [Red Palm Oil (RPO) and Grain Amaranth]. Thirteen experimental rations using raw and popped grain Amaranth and RPO were fed to 24 weeks old hens for a period of 6 weeks, singularly and in combinations. Total lipids, cholesterol and PUFA contents were analyzed in the experimental and control eggs. The results showed that RPO and RPO + Popped Amaranth feeding resulted in a maximum reduction in total lipids and cholesterol contents. Significant increase was observed in linoleic acid content in RPO + popped Amaranth; raw Amaranth and RPO fed groups. Acceptability studies showed that the products made from lower cholesterol eggs were well accepted.  相似文献