The effect of lactic acid bacterial starter culture and chemical additives on wilted rice straw silage          下载免费PDF全文

Yan‐Su Wang  Wei Shi  Lin‐Ting Huang  Cheng‐Long Ding  Chuan‐Chao Dai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):525-535

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are suitable for rice straw silage fermentation, but have been studied rarely, and rice straw as raw material for ensiling is difficult because of its disadvantages, such as low nutrition for microbial activities and low abundances of natural populations of LAB. So we investigated the effect of application of LAB and chemical additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wilted rice straw silage. Treatment with chemical additives increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), acetic acid and lactic acid, reduced the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but did not effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms. Inoculation with LABs did not improve the nutritional value of the silage because of poor growth of LABs in wilted rice straw. Inoculation with LAB and addition of chemical materials improved the quality of silage similar to the effects of addition of chemical materials alone. Growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria was inhibited by this mixed treatment and the LAB gradually dominated the microbial community. In summary, the fermentation quality of wilted rice straw silage had improved by addition of LAB and chemical materials.  相似文献   

INVITED REVIEW—IMAGE REGISTRATION IN VETERINARY RADIATION ONCOLOGY: INDICATIONS,IMPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE ADVANCES          下载免费PDF全文

Yang Feng  Jessica Lawrence  Kun Cheng  Dean Montgomery  Lisa Forrest  Duncan B. Mclaren  Stephen McLaughlin  David J. Argyle  William H. Nailon 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(2):113-123

The field of veterinary radiation therapy (RT) has gained substantial momentum in recent decades with significant advances in conformal treatment planning, image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and intensity‐modulated (IMRT) techniques. At the root of these advancements lie improvements in tumor imaging, image alignment (registration), target volume delineation, and identification of critical structures. Image registration has been widely used to combine information from multimodality images such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) to improve the accuracy of radiation delivery and reliably identify tumor‐bearing areas. Many different techniques have been applied in image registration. This review provides an overview of medical image registration in RT and its applications in veterinary oncology. A summary of the most commonly used approaches in human and veterinary medicine is presented along with their current use in IGRT and adaptive radiation therapy (ART). It is important to realize that registration does not guarantee that target volumes, such as the gross tumor volume (GTV), are correctly identified on the image being registered, as limitations unique to registration algorithms exist. Research involving novel registration frameworks for automatic segmentation of tumor volumes is ongoing and comparative oncology programs offer a unique opportunity to test the efficacy of proposed algorithms.  相似文献   

60Co-γ辐射对越橘组培苗和营养钵苗的诱变效应     

魏鑫  魏永祥  刘成  张舵  蒋明三  杨艳敏 《北方园艺》2016,(10):6-9

以‘斯巴坦’及‘蓝丰’越橘组培苗、1年生‘斯巴坦’及‘蓝丰’和‘奥尼尔’越橘营养钵苗为试材,采用7个剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射处理,观察比较不同辐射处理条件下组培苗的生长植株比例、株高和增殖系数及营养钵苗的株高、茎粗和成活率。结果表明:随着60Co-γ辐射剂量的增加,组培苗的生长植株比例、株高和增殖系数呈下降趋势。‘蓝丰’组培苗辐照剂量大于50Gy时生长受到严重抑制,‘斯巴坦’辐照剂量大于70Gy时生长受到严重抑制;‘斯巴坦’和‘奥尼尔’株高和茎粗随辐射剂量的增加总体上呈下降趋势,‘蓝丰’茎粗随辐射剂量的增加总体上呈下降趋势,但株高随辐射剂量的增加总体上呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

物性分析仪测定鸭梨质构条件的优化     

徐金涛  高丽娟  李龙飞  张海娥  乐文全  郝宝锋 《北方园艺》2016,(18):29-33

以鸭梨果实为试材,采用物性分析仪TPA模式在不同压缩速度和目标形变量下,测定鸭梨果实的质地参数,以优化TPA模式评价的测定条件。结果表明:在TPA测定过程中,目标形变量对硬度、内聚性、弹性、粘附性、胶着性、恢复性、断裂性和咀嚼性等8个TPA参数的影响极显著(P≤0.01);而压缩速度对硬度和胶着性性影响显著(P≤0.05),对断裂性极显著(P≤0.01),对其它5个TPA参数影响不显著。选用1.0mm·s-1的压缩速度和20%的目标形变量作为鸭梨果实TPA模式下的测定条件,能够客观地反映鸭梨果肉组织的质地特征。  相似文献   

Differences between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in the inter-relationships between metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score in the periparturient period     

Wathes DC  Cheng Z  Bourne N  Taylor VJ  Coffey MP  Brotherstone S 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,33(2):203-225

During the early postpartum period dairy cows mobilize fat and muscle to support lactation. This is associated with alterations in blood metabolite and hormone profiles which in turn influence milk yield and fertility. This study developed models to determine how metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score were inter-related at different times in the periparturient period and to compare these relationships in primiparous (PP, n=188) and multiparous (MP, n=312) cows. Data from four previous studies which included information on blood metabolic parameters, parity, milk yield, body condition score and diet were collated into a single dataset. Coefficients of polynomial equations were calculated for each trait between -1 week pre-calving and week +7 postpartum using residual maximum likelihood modelling. The completed dataset was used in a multiple correlation model to determine how the best fit curves were related to each other over time. PP cows had higher concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations throughout, higher leptin concentrations pre-partum and both the peak in non-esterified fatty acids and the nadir in urea concentration occurred earlier after calving. These differences were associated with significantly lower milk production. Leptin concentrations fell at calving and were related to body condition score. Insulin was negatively correlated with yield in MP cows only. In MP cows the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I and yield switched from negative to positive between weeks +4 and +7. Both beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea were positively related to yield in PP cows. In contrast, in MP cows beta-hydroxybutyrate was negatively correlated with yield and urea was strongly related to body condition score but not yield. These results suggest that there are differences in the control of tissue mobilization between PP and MP cows which may promote nutrient partitioning into growth as well as milk during the first lactation.  相似文献   

A peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 generating a neutralizing antibody response, and an immunostimulatory peptide   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wang JL  Liu MQ  Han J  Chen WZ  Cong W  Cheng G  Gao YH  Lu YG  Chen JL  Zuo XP  Yan WY  Zheng ZX 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,125(3-4):224-231

The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of VP1 and amino acids 1-33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.  相似文献   

Changes in expression of interleukin-6 receptors in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in pig ovaries     

Maeda A  Goto Y  Matsuda-Minehata F  Cheng Y  Inoue N  Manabe N 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):727-736

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36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导     

张成  #  李松杰  #  贾云梦  张美惠  王贵  单鼎城  范洁茹  袁军海  刘伟  周益林 《植物保护》2023,49(6):284-291

明确我国当前小麦审定和区试品种含有的抗白粉病基因, 可为这些品种在小麦抗病育种中的应用及品种合理布局和轮换提供依据。本研究采用24个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导, 参试品种(系)与46个已知抗病基因小麦品种(系)抗谱比较的结果表明, 11个小麦审定品种中有5个品种对所有供试白粉菌菌株表现抗性, 结合亲本溯源, 推测其中有3个品种可能携有Pm21基因; 另外6个审定品种中有5个品种可能含有抗病基因Pm2, 且其对应的亲本或亲本组合中含有抗病基因Pm2。25个区试品种(系)中有3个可能含有Pm21, 10个含有Pm2, 1个含有Pm2+6,2个含有Pm4b,1个含有Pm8。另外, 参试的36个品种(系)中还有9个品种(系)和已知基因品种抗谱存在一定差异。总体上, 推导出已知基因的品种以含有Pm2基因的品种最多, Pm21基因的品种次之, 建议在生产上加强对Pm21基因品种(系)特别是已审定的携有Pm21基因品种的推广和应用, 应该注意一些省份在育种和生产上应慎用或少用含Pm2基因的品种(系)。  相似文献   

两种沉水植物在不同水深和生长时期对入侵植物的响应     

阿斯哈  高海燕  沈一娈  孙凯  薛晶晶  蔡竟芳  程蕊  杨丽娟  李红丽 《植物保护学报》2023,50(6):1561-1570

为研究沉水植物在不同水深和生长时期对不同种类入侵植物的响应,选取2种湿地入侵植物凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes、水盾草Cabomba caroliniana和2种常见本地沉水植物黑藻Hydrillaverticillata、菹草Potamogeton crispus为研究对象,通过模拟试验探究在不同水深（0.2、0.4 m）和生长时期（生长初期和生长旺期）的本地沉水植物对2种入侵植物的响应。结果显示,当水深为0.4 m时更有利于黑藻的生长,并可削弱入侵植物对黑藻生长的消极作用,而水深对菹草的生长无显著影响;入侵植物种类对本地沉水植物的生长无显著影响,但影响方式却存在差异,其中水盾草倾向于直接抑制本地沉水植物的生长,而凤眼莲可以通过降低水体透明度以及总磷含量进而间接抑制本地沉水植物的生长。此外,外来植物在本地沉水植物生长初期入侵对本地沉水植物产生的消极影响较生长旺期入侵时更显著。表明凤眼莲及水盾草入侵对本地沉水植物生长的影响机制存在差异,本地沉水植物在适宜水深和生长旺期对2种入侵植物具有更强的抵抗能力。  相似文献   

短期围栏封育对高寒草甸植物群落及土壤理化性质的影响     

朱牛  孙建  石凝  王金牛  张林  罗栋梁  申承  盖艾鸿 《草地学报》2023,31(3):834-843

充分了解围栏封育对植物群落及土壤理化性质的影响,是合理制定草甸恢复和利用相关政策、促进当地畜牧业经济可持续发展的关键。本研究通过对西藏三江并流区封育2年的高寒草甸的群落样方调查与土壤理化性质测定,结果表明,比较自由放牧,围封后地上和地下生物量分别提高26.24%和8.94%,但物种多样性指数略有下降;围封后土壤电导率、盐度和总溶解固体分别下降26.50%,29.03%,30.15%;围栏内地上生物量与土壤盐度、总溶解固体、电导率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),地下生物量与硝态氮、温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);围栏外地下生物量与介电常数、体积含水率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与铵态氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,2年短期围封对高寒草甸植物群落及其土壤理化性质均有一定改善,可以作为应对草甸退化的干扰手段与管理措施。  相似文献