Production of Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee) Embryos by Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Using Domestic Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Oocytes     

D Priya  NL Selokar  AK Raja  M Saini  AA Sahare  N Nala  P Palta  MS Chauhan  RS Manik  SK Singla 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):343-351

The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing wild buffalo embryos by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) through handmade cloning using wild buffalo somatic cells and domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes. Somatic cells derived from the ear skin of wild buffalo were found to express vimentin but not keratin and cytokeratin‐18, indicating that they were of fibroblast origin. The population doubling time of skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, and the cell proliferation rate was significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared with that of skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo. Neither the cleavage (92.6 ± 2.0% vs 92.8 ± 2.0%) nor the blastocyst rate (42.4 ± 2.4% vs 38.7 ± 2.8%) was significantly different between the intraspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo and interspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo. However, the total cell number (TCN) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (192.0 ± 25.6 vs 345.7 ± 42.2), and the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (15.1 ± 3.1 vs 8.0 ± 1.4) for interspecies than that for intraspecies cloned embryos. Following vitrification in open‐pulled straws (OPS) and warming, although the cryosurvival rate of both types of cloned embryos, as indicated by their re‐expansion rate, was not significantly different (34.8 ± 1.5% vs 47.8 ± 7.8), the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for vitrified–warmed interspecies than that for corresponding intraspecies cloned embryos (48.9 ± 7.2 vs 23.9 ± 2.8). The global level of H3K18ac was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies cloned embryos than that in intraspecies cloned embryos. The expression level of HDAC1, DNMT3a and CASPASE3 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, that of P53 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies than in intraspecies embryos, whereas that of DNMT1 was similar between the two types of embryos. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that wild buffalo embryos can be produced by iSCNT.  相似文献   

‘Soya Milk Tris‐based Phytoextender Reduces Apoptosis in Cryopreserved Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Spermatozoa’     

R Mohan  SK Atreja 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):797-805

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of newly developed soya milk Tris (SMT)‐based phytoextender as an alternative to egg yolk Tris (EYT) extender used for cryopreservation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa on apoptosis. Fresh buffalo semen (control without dilution) was cryopreserved in conventional EYT (20% egg yolk v/v in Tris) and SMT (25% soya milk v/v in Tris) extender and used for the assessment of expression of apoptotic proteins. Proteins extracted from a total number of nine ejaculates from three individual buffalo bulls chosen at random were separated using SDS–PAGE followed by immunoblotting against caspase‐8, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase (PARP), cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). In addition, fluorescence microscopy was used for the detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1 assay) and apoptotic cells (annexin V‐FITC/PI assay). The results obtained clearly indicate the significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the expression of caspase‐3 (27 kDa), caspase‐8 (53 kDa), caspase‐9 (50 kDa) precursor and cytochrome c (17 kDa) in semen cryopreserved in SMT extender in comparison with EYT extender. A non‐significant (p > 0.05) reduction in expression of PARP‐DNA‐binding subunit (24 kDa) was observed in SMT extender. No expression of AIF was found in cryopreserved semen samples. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the mean percentage of cells having high mitochondrial membrane potential and a non‐significant (p > 0.05) decrease in late apoptotic cells (AN+/PI+) was observed in SMT extender when compared to EYT extender. The results demonstrated that cryopreservation of buffalo semen in SMT‐based phytoextender can replace the traditional egg yolk extenders as it reduces the expression of apoptotic proteins maintaining high mitochondrial membrane potential and gives better protection to sperms in terms of its non‐animal origin.  相似文献   

Treatment of rupture of suspensory ligament and superficial flexor tendon in a bull     

DR NELSON  SK KNELLER  DD MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):244-246

Rupture of the suspensory ligament at the insertions on the proximal sesamoid bones, and of the superficial flexor tendon of the left fore limb, occurred in an adult Angus bull as a result of fighting. There was severe hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint with the dewclaws almost touching the ground. Radiographs revealed severe hyper-extension of the MCP joint with the sesamoid bones aligned directly distal to the metacarpus. Initially, a full length fiberglass cast was applied with the limb partially flexed within the cast and the heels elevated. The cast was replaced twice. The cast was removed after 136 days and the bull was bearing full weight on the limb. Prolonged immobilisation of the limb produced new bone in the area (a normal response in cattle) to cause ankylosis of the traumatized MCP joint and partial ankylosis of the carpus. The bull was being used for pasture breeding one year after the injury.  相似文献   

Transfer of resistance to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae from Brassica napus to cabbage (B. Oleracea spp. Capitata). IV. A resistant 18-chromosome B1 plant and its B2 progenies     

B. Y. Chiang  M. S. Chiang  W. F. Grant  R. Crete 《Euphytica》1980,29(1):47-55

Summary The somatic karyotype and meiotic chromosome behavior were studied in an 18-chromosome B₁ plant derived from backcrossing a triploid (Brassica napus x B. oleracea ssp. capitata) F₁ hybrid to cabbage. It is considered that cabbage chromosomes no. 1 and no. 7 were substituted by two shorter B. napus chromosomes. Meiotic disturbances were more apparent during the late stages of second division. Seed fertility of this plant was largely restored in the second backcrosses with both cabbage and broccoli. 18-chromosome B₂ plants resistant to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae were recovered among the progenies.Contribution no. J. 725 from the Research Station, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, St-Jean, Québec J3B 6Z8.  相似文献   

Rapid, low-cost cleanup procedure for determination of semivolatile organic compounds in human and bovine adipose tissues     

W Liao  W D Smith  T C Chiang  L R Williams 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1988,71(4):742-747

A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method is described for determination of organic environmental pollutants in human and bovine adipose tissues. Compounds such as organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated aromatics, and brominated aromatics are extracted with organic solvents and separated from coextracted lipids on a Florisil column. The eluate is concentrated and compounds are identified and quantitated by GC/MS analysis. The method was evaluated in a single laboratory for ability to recover compounds of environmental and regulatory importance. Except for a few more polar compounds, such as phthalates and phosphates, recoveries averaged about 85%. The elution system maximized recovery and allowed minimal coelution of lipid materials. Detection limits for most compounds studied were in the range of 5-50 ng/g (ppb).  相似文献   

Structural basis of type II topoisomerase inhibition by the anticancer drug etoposide     

Wu CC  Li TK  Farh L  Lin LY  Lin TS  Yu YJ  Yen TJ  Chiang CW  Chan NL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6041):459-462

Type II topoisomerases (TOP2s) resolve the topological problems of DNA by transiently cleaving both strands of a DNA duplex to form a cleavage complex through which another DNA segment can be transported. Several widely prescribed anticancer drugs increase the population of TOP2 cleavage complex, which leads to TOP2-mediated chromosome DNA breakage and death of cancer cells. We present the crystal structure of a large fragment of human TOP2β complexed to DNA and to the anticancer drug etoposide to reveal structural details of drug-induced stabilization of a cleavage complex. The interplay between the protein, the DNA, and the drug explains the structure-activity relations of etoposide derivatives and the molecular basis of drug-resistant mutations. The analysis of protein-drug interactions provides information applicable for developing an isoform-specific TOP2-targeting strategy.  相似文献   

A role for a 70-kilodalton heat shock protein in lysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins   总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44  

H L Chiang  S R Terlecky  C P Plant  J F Dice 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,246(4928):382-385

A 73-kilodalton (kD) intracellular protein was found to bind to peptide regions that target intracellular proteins for lysosomal degradation in response to serum withdrawal. This protein cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised to a member of the 70-kD heat shock protein (hsp70) family, and sequences of two internal peptides of the 73-kD protein confirm that it is a member of this family. In response to serum withdrawal, the intracellular concentration of the 73-kD protein increased severalfold. In the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and MgCl2, the 73-kD protein enhanced protein degradation in two different cell-free assays for lysosomal proteolysis.  相似文献   

不同年代大豆品种(系)根系生长动态的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王智权  谢甫绨  王海英  丁雪丽  谢志涛  张惠君 《辽宁农业科学》2006,(4):9-12

不同年代大豆品种根干重积累动态可以用Logistic曲线方程进行模拟。在不同施肥水平下,根干重最大增长速率及出现的时间和平均增长速率有所不同。根干重最大增长速率出现的时间,中国当代品种、美国当代品种及中国20世纪20年代的品种间差异不显著,各品种间差异及施肥处理间差异也不显著。根干重最大增长速率,中国当代、美国当代及中国20世纪20年代的品种间差异不显著,各品种间差异也不显著,施肥处理间差异显著。平均增长速率,中国当代、美国当代及中国20年代的品种间差异显著,各品种间及施肥处理间差异也显著。不同施肥水平、不同生育时期,中国当代品种与美国当代品种根干重都比中国20年代品种大。  相似文献   

Phonon dispersions of fcc delta-plutonium-gallium by inelastic x-ray scattering     

Wong J  Krisch M  Farber DL  Occelli F  Schwartz AJ  Chiang TC  Wall M  Boro C  Xu R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5636):1078-1080

We report an experimental determination of the phonon dispersion curves in a face-centered cubic (fcc) delta-plutonium-0.6 weight % gallium alloy. Several unusual features, including a large elastic anisotropy, a small-shear elastic modulus C', a Kohn-like anomaly in the T1[011] branch, and a pronounced softening of the [111] transverse modes, are found. These features can be related to the phase transitions of plutonium and to strong coupling between the lattice structure and the 5f valence instabilities. Our results also provide a critical test for theoretical treatments of highly correlated 5f electron systems as exemplified by recent dynamical mean field theory calculations for delta-plutonium.  相似文献   

Pest Control in the People's Republic of China     

Chiang HC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,192(4240):675-677

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