Carotenoid accumulations and carotenogenic gene expressions in the petals of Eustoma grandiflorum     

Sanae Kishimoto  Chihiro Yamamizo  Naoko Fukuta  Akemi Ohmiya 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(4):417-422

Eustoma grandiflorum is one of the leading cut‐flowers in Japan. There are market demands for cultivars with deep‐yellow flowers, but they have never been bred successfully. By investigating the carotenoid accumulation and carotenogenic gene expressions, this study attempted to explore the reasons that block the formation of deep‐yellow colour in Eustoma. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the carotenoid compositions in petals were similar to those in leaves, accumulating mainly lutein, violaxanthin and β‐carotene. The total carotenoid contents decreased as the petals matured in all the cultivars tested. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of PSY, LCYB, ZDS and LCYE showed significant differences between white and pale‐yellow petals or between petals and leaves, indicating that these enzymes may play a key role in the carotenoid biosynthesis in E. grandiflorum. The expression levels of CCD4 were high in both pale‐yellow and white petals during development, suggesting that carotenoid degradation activity is high in the petals. We then conclude that the total carotenoid accumulation level could be determined by the balance between carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation activities.  相似文献   

羊尤氏泰勒虫一个新生多肽复合物α多肽基因的cDNA文库筛选和测序（英文）     

党志胜  刘志杰  罗建勋  关贵全  马米玲  刘爱红  李有全  高金亮  任巧云  白启  杉本千寻  殷宏 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2010,18(4):60-65

为筛选羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子功能基因,用羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子提取物免疫BALB/c小鼠,将小鼠脾脏细胞与鼠骨髓瘤SP2/0-Ag14细胞融合,融合细胞培养上清用酶联免疫吸附法和免疫印记法检测。提取羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子mRNA后,进行cDNA合成与文库构建。文库在免疫学噬斑筛选后,将阳性克隆进行测序和序列BLAST搜索。筛选结果显示有两个阳性克隆。所得序列BLAST搜索结果显示,它与12类寄生虫新生多态相关复合物α多肽基因的同源性在39%到78%之间。结果提示,所筛选的序列为羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子新生多态相关复合物α多肽基因不完全序列。该研究为今后使用单克隆抗体筛选羊泰勒虫功能性基因提供了参考。  相似文献   

Development and validation of DNA markers linked to Sdvy-1, a common bean gene conferring resistance to the yellowing strain of Soybean dwarf virus     

Yoko Yamashita  Toru Takeuchi  Masataka Okuyama  Jun Sasaki  Kakumasa Onodera  Mikako Sato  Chihiro Souma  Shigehiko Ebe 《Breeding Science》2014,64(4):404-408

The yellowing strain of Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV-YS) causes yellowing and yield loss in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The most effective control is achieved through breeding for resistance. An indeterminate climbing cultivar with a white seed coat, ‘Oofuku’, is resistant to SbDV-YS in inoculation tests. We crossed ‘Oofuku’ with an elite cultivar, ‘Taisho-Kintoki’, which is SbDV-YS-susceptible, determinate dwarf with a red-purple seed coat, and performed amplified-fragment-length polymorphism analysis of F₃ lines. From nucleotide sequences of the resistant-specific fragments and their flanking regions, we developed five DNA markers, of which DV86, DV386, and DV398 were closely linked to Sdvy-1, a resistance gene. Using the markers, we developed ‘Toiku-B79’ and ‘Toiku-B80’, the near-isogenic lines (NILs) incorporating Sdvy-1 in the background of ‘Taisho-Kintoki’. The NILs had similar growth habit, maturity date and seed shape to those of ‘Taisho-Kintoki’. The quality of boiled beans was also similar, except that the NILs had more seed coat cracking than ‘Taisho-Kintoki’. The NILs showed no SbDV-YS infection in inoculation tests. We suggest that Sdvy-1 is a useful source of SbDV-YS resistance in common bean.  相似文献   

Socioeconomic factors influencing global paper and paperboard demand     

Taiyo Chiba  Hiroyasu Oka  Chihiro Kayo 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(5):539-547

To clarify the socioeconomic factors influencing global paper and paperboard demand, a panel data analysis was conducted covering the period 1961–2014. This study used paper and paperboard demand as the dependent variable, and a country’s economic level, Internet usage rate, plastic packaging demand, and time trend as the explanatory variables. An inverse U-shaped quadratic relationship, such as an environmental Kuznets curve, was found between economic level and paper and paperboard demand, which saturates and begins to decline as economic level increases. The economic level representing the turning point differs significantly with the use, ranging from around 37,000 US$/person for newsprint paper to around 66,000 US$/person for printing and writing paper. For both newsprint paper and printing and writing paper, demand declines owing to the spread of the Internet as the economic level rises, although this reductive effect is greater for printing and writing paper than for newsprint paper. A substitution relationship is not found between wrapping paper and corrugated cardboard on the one hand and plastic packaging on the other hand as the economic level becomes higher.  相似文献   

Immobilization of Boron and Arsenic in Alkaline Coal Fly Ash through an Aging Process with Water and Elucidation of the Immobilization Mechanism     

Yasumasa Ogawa  Kento Sakakibara  Tsugumi Seki  Chihiro Inoue 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(11):359

We previously reported that a simple treatment—addition of only small amounts of water to coal fly ash (CFA) to form CFA paste followed by aging for 1–4 weeks—is advantageous for the immobilization of highly soluble B, F, Cr, and As. In this study, we investigated the leachability of Ca, SO₄, B, and As over time from non-aged and aged CFA samples to elucidate a possible immobilization mechanism. For this purpose, two types of CFA samples, one showing effective immobilization of B and As by water addition and aging (sample A) and the other showing less or no immobilization (sample B), were examined. Calcium and SO₄, B, and As in non-aged sample A dissolved immediately after the start of the leaching test, indicating that these elements existed in highly soluble particles. After the rapid dissolution, their concentrations in the leachate gradually increased, possibly due to the dissolution of glassy phases. During the 1-week leaching test, the B and As concentrations in the leachate finally decreased. The addition of only small amounts of water to CFA (Sample A) for aging produce both alkaline and supersaturation conditions for the formation of several types of Ca-bearing secondary minerals such as calcite and ettringite, which are formed under alkaline conditions. Boron and As originally existing as highly soluble particles in CFA are expected to be incorporated into and/or sorbed on these secondary minerals as water-insoluble phases. Compared to non-aged CFA, their leachability from the aged sample A remained lower throughout the entire leaching test. Possibly due to these secondary minerals being formed on the CFA surface, B and As dissolutions associated with glassy phases are also prevented. In contrast, the pH of the leachate from CFA (sample B) at the beginning of the leaching test was acidic and then abruptly became alkaline. This means that water-soluble particles that can produce acidic conditions are also contained in these alkaline CFAs. Dissolution of these substances during aging makes it difficult to generate alkaline conditions in the CFA paste. Consequently, the formation of secondary minerals and the concomitant immobilization of toxic elements are prevented.  相似文献   

The effect of a herbal paste and oil extract on the lipid content of canine hair fibres          下载免费PDF全文

Yutaka Momota  Kenichiro Shimada  Chihiro Kadoya  Azusa Gin  Jun Kobayashi  Yuka Nakamura  Takako Matsubara  Toshinori Sako 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(4):337-e73

  相似文献   

Induced resistance against Fusarium diseases of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cymbidium</Emphasis> species by weakly virulent strain HPF-1 (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> sp.)     

Kazunori?IchikawaEmail author  Shigeki?Kawasaki  Chihiro?Tanaka  Mitsuya?Tsuda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(6):400-405

The mechanism by which Fusarium diseases of cymbidium plants are suppressed by a weakly virulent strain HPF-1 of Fusarium sp. was studied. Strain HPF-1 produced microscopic, necrotic local lesions on cymbidium leaves, causing minor damage to palisade tissues at the infection sites. This weakly virulent strain remained near the site of infection and did not develop further. It systemically and nonselectively suppressed some diseases of cymbidium such as yellow spot of leaves caused by Fusarium proliferatum and F. fractiflexum, bulb and root rot caused by F. oxysporum, and dry rot of bulbs and roots caused by F. solani. Because endogenous salicylic acid levels increased in cymbidium leaves inoculated with strain HPF-1, the mechanism of disease suppression is thought to be systemic acquired resistance.  相似文献   

Characterization and genetic analysis of laboratory mutants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochliobolus heterostrophus</Emphasis> resistant to dicarboximide and phenylpyrrole fungicides     

Akira Yoshimi  Junko Imanishi  Abdul Gafur  Chihiro Tanaka  Mitsuya Tsuda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):101-108

 Laboratory mutants of Cochliobolus heterostrophus resistant to iprodione were obtained after chemical mutageneses. All the mutants were able to grow on the medium amended with iprodione 100 μg/ml. They showed positive cross-resistance to procymidone and fludioxonil and were sensitive to high osmolarity. Crosses between the mutant and a wild-type strain revealed that the fungicide resistance and osmotic sensitivity traits were inherited by their offspring in a 1 : 1 mutant/wild type ratio, indicating that the mutant phenotypes in these strains were due to alteration at a single gene locus. Results from allelism tests indicated that three genes (Dic1, Dic2, Dic3) conferred the mutant phenotypes. Among them, Dic1 mutant strains were classified into three types on the basis of their phenotypes. The first type was moderately resistant to the fungicides and less sensitive to osmotic stress than the other Dic1 mutant strains. The second type showed moderate fungicide resistance, but growth was inhibited under lower osmotic stress (50 mM KCl). The other Dic1 mutant strains grew well on medium containing iprodione and fludioxonil even at a concentration of 100 μg/ml and were highly sensitive to osmotic stress. The Dic2 and Dic3 mutant strains had moderate resistance to the fungicides with low-level osmotic sensitivity. The Dic1 gene was epistatic to Dic2 and Dic3 for fungicide resistance and hypostatic to them for osmotic sensitivity. These results suggest that the osmoregulatory system is involved in fungicide resistance in laboratory mutants of C. heterostrophus. Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 13, 2002  相似文献   

Ruminal distribution of the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes in relation to its phylogenetic grouping     

Satoshi KOIKE  Jun PAN  Tomoyuki SUZUKI  Toru TAKANO  Chihiro OSHIMA  Yasuo KOBAYASHI  Keiichi TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):417-422

To investigate the ecological importance of the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes in fiber digestion, ruminal distribution of F. succinogenes was determined in relation to its phylogenetic grouping. Rumen digesta from wethers and steers fed orchardgrass hay, rice straw or fresh orchardgrass were employed as the materials for the analyses. Orchardgrass hay stem incubated in the rumen was also used. By using total DNA extracted from these materials, population sizes of total F. succinogenes and of four different phylogenetic groups of this species were quantitated through competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products targeted the bacterial 16S rDNA. Rumen digesta and ruminally incubated hay stems had a reasonably high population size of F. succinogenes (×10^7?8/g) that was composed of strains belonging to the phylogenetic groups 1 and 3. The relative abundance of each group was different among the samples; group 1 dominated on the ruminally incubated hay stem and in the rumen of wethers fed fresh orchardgrass, while group 3 was major in the rumen of wethers and steers on hay diet. These results suggest that there could be phenotypic differences among the phylogenetic groups of F. succinogenes, and group 1 dominating on hay stem might contribute to rumen fiber digestion more than the other groups.  相似文献   

Analysis of a pair of END+ and END? viruses derived from the same bovine viral diarrhea virus stock reveals the amino acid determinants in Npro responsible for inhibition of type I interferon production     

Takashi KOZASA  Yuri ABE  Kazuya MITSUHASHI  Tomokazu TAMURA  Hiroshi AOKI  Masatoshi ISHIMARU  Shigeyuki NAKAMURA  Masatoshi OKAMATSU  Hiroshi KIDA  Yoshihiro SAKODA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):511-518

The Exaltation of Newcastle disease virus (END) phenomenon is induced by the inhibition of type I interferon in pestivirus-infected cells in vitro, via proteasomal degradation of cellular interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 with the property of the viral autoprotease protein N^pro. Reportedly, the amino acid residues in the zinc-binding TRASH motif of N^pro determine the difference in characteristics between END-phenomenon-positive (END⁺) and END-phenomenon-negative (END⁻) classical swine fever viruses (CSFVs). However, the basic mechanism underlying this function in bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has not been elucidated from the genomic differences between END⁺ and END⁻ viruses using reverse genetics till date. In the present study, comparison of complete genome sequences of a pair of END⁺ and END⁻ viruses isolated from the same virus stock revealed that there were only four amino acid substitutions (D136G, I2623V, D3148G and D3502Y) between two viruses. Based on these differences, viruses with and without mutations at these positions were generated using reverse genetics. The END assay, measurements of induced type I interferon and IRF-3 detection in cells infected with these viruses revealed that the aspartic acid at position 136 in the zinc-binding TRASH motif of N^pro was required to inhibit the production of type I interferon via the degradation of cellular IRF-3, consistently with CSFV.  相似文献