Revitalizing Mountain Ginseng Cultivation in North Jeolla Province,South Korea     

Hag Mo Kang  Sung Jong Cho  Soo Im Choi  Noriko Sato  Hyun Kim 《Small-Scale Forestry》2016,15(4):497-516

A study was made of measures to revitalize mountain ginseng cultivation in the eastern mountainous area of Muju, Jinan and Jangsu municipalities of North Jeolla province, South Korea. The targeted area is typical forested land and is utilized for the cultivation of ginseng. Access to seeds and seedlings for mountain ginseng cultivation is relatively easy in North Jeolla province, and the species is cultivated widely (on 63 % of the area of the province and by 74 % of farmers). This study investigated the current state of mountain ginseng cultivation and business management, including production costs and subsidy, sales and distribution system, and other business management concerns. A survey was conducted on 86 mountain ginseng-cultivating farming households living in the targeted area in 2013. It is concluded that to achieve greater production an aggressive government policy promoting the renting out of suitable sites for mountain ginseng cultivation in national and public production forestland to individual farms and farming cooperatives is necessary. Further research on increasing the survival rate of cultivated mountain ginseng (CMG) until harvesting and preventing damage by wild animals is also deemed necessary. More effective use of related municipal budget subsidy needs to be supported selectively to the enterprising farmers who aggressively pursue mountain ginseng cultivation and business management. Opening CMG retail stores to realize sustainable income growth and developing various processed products will increase farm income. The government needs to introduce policies to sustain consumer trust in CMG through initiatives such as establishing a CMG quality management system for growers, distributing government-approved seeds, and implementing a government-based CMG purchase system.  相似文献   

Adsorption by coniferous leaves of chromium ions from effluent     

Nam-Seok Cho  Masakazu Aoyama  Kazuto Seki  Naotaka Hayashi  Shuichi Doi 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(3):266-270

The chromium adsorption ability of leaves from 34 conifer species were examined. Among them, deciduous conifer species, such asLarix, Ginkgo, Metasequia, andTaxodium, showed high ability to adsorb chromium ions. Factors affecting chromium adsorption were studied using larch (Larix leptolepis) leaves to determine the optimum adsorption conditions. The factors included solution pH, contact time, temperature, and the initial concentration of chromium ions. Maximum adsorption for Cr³⁺ was observed at pH 5, and maximum Cr⁶⁺ adsorption occurred at pH 3. The amount of Cr⁶⁺ adsorbed on the adsorbent increased rapidly during the first 4 h, then gradually increased, and finally reached equilibrium in 16 h. The adsorption rate of Cr³⁺ was somewhat slower than that of Cr⁶⁺. The adsorption isotherm for Cr⁶⁺ adsorption was composed of two straight lines, suggesting that the adsorbent could not practically reduce the concentration of Cr⁶⁺ in solution below 1.6 mg Cr/L Column experiments using larch leaf packing suggested that the practical operation could be controlled by monitoring the effluent pH.  相似文献   

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin antibody.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

L Niilo  H J Cho 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1984,48(1):111-112

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted to test serum antibody to enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens type A. The test was evaluated using sheep, calf and guinea pig sera and compared with passive hemagglutination and immunodiffusion tests. The ELISA was found to be more sensitive than the other two tests and was completely free from nonspecific reactions. The method was considered to be technically advantageous and suitable for semiautomated procedures.  相似文献   

Diagnostic specificity, sensitivity and cross-reactivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody against Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, sejroe and hardjo in cattle.   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

H J Cho  S P Gale  S A Masri    K L Malkin 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1989,53(3):285-289

Outer sheath antigen was prepared from Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, sejroe and hardjo by treating the organisms with 1.0M NaC1 followed by 0.04% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Sodium dodecyl sulfate was removed from the SDS-protein complexes by the extraction of dodecyl sulfate anions as ion pairs with triethylammonium cations into an organic solvent. The outer sheath antigen was recovered from the organic solvent as a precipitate and used as the source of leptospiral enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen. Utilizing this antigen, ELISA was adapted to detect bovine serum antibody to L. interrogans serovars pomona, sejroe and hardjo. The specificity of this assay in 344 bovine sera, which were negative in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for seven serovars, was 99.4%. In sera from 37 and 87 cattle which revealed MAT titers greater than or equal to 1:50 for L. interrogans serovars pomona and sejroe, the relative sensitivity of the test was 100%. The ELISA also showed a considerable degree of low level cross-reactivity with other serovars. Sixty-six (75.9%) out of 87 bovine sera which were MAT-positive (MAT titer of greater than or equal to 1:50) with serovars sejroe and hardjo only were ELISA positive with heterologous pomona antigen; 16 (43.2%) and six 16.2%) out of 37 bovine sera which were MAT positive MAT titer of greater than or equal to 1:50) with serovar pomona only were ELISA positive with heterologous sejroe and hardjo ELISA antigen respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Adenocarcinoma in the nasal cavity and brain of a dog     

D Y Cho  R J Bahr  H W Leipold 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1974,165(4):350-351

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Intracranial squamous cell carcinoma in a cow     

D H Zeman  D Y Cho 《The Cornell veterinarian》1986,76(3):236-240

An exophthalmic right eye was surgically removed from a nine year old Holstein cow. Subsequent post mortem examination revealed a large intracranial mass at the base of the brain which was diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma. The orbital and sphenoid bones were intact and it is believed that the neoplasm entered the cranial cavity from the orbit via the foramen orbitorotundum. Both intracranial squamous cell carcinoma and extension of orbital neoplasia through foramina are rare.  相似文献   

Evolution of a microbial acetyltransferase for modification of glyphosate: a novel tolerance strategy   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Siehl DL  Castle LA  Gorton R  Chen YH  Bertain S  Cho HJ  Keenan R  Liu D  Lassner MW 《Pest management science》2005,61(3):235-240

N-Acetylation is a modification of glyphosate that could potentially be used in transgenic crops, given a suitable acetyltransferase. Weak enzymatic activity (k(cat) = 5 min(-1), K(M) = 1 mM) for N-acetylation of glyphosate was discovered in several strains of Bacillus licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester by screening a microbial collection with a mass spectrometric assay. The parental enzyme conferred no tolerance to glyphosate in any host when expressed as a transgene. Eleven iterations of DNA shuffling resulted in a 7000-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(M)), sufficient for conferring robust tolerance to field rates of glyphosate in transgenic tobacco and maize. In terms of k(cat)/K(M), the native enzyme exhibited weak activity (4-450% of that with glyphosate) with seven of the common amino acids. Evolution of the enzyme towards an improved k(cat)/K(M) for glyphosate resulted in increased activity toward aspartate (40-fold improved k(cat)), but activity with serine and phosphoserine almost completely vanished. No activity was observed among a broad sampling of nucleotides and antibiotics. Improved catalysis with glyphosate coincided with increased thermal stability.  相似文献   

Cosmic-ray physics. New array takes measure of energy dispute     

Cho A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5735):685-687

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Cdc42 contributes to phorbol ester-induced Ca2+-independent contraction of pulmonary artery smooth muscle     

Choi WH  Kim J  Lee YR  Lee CK  Kim YS  Kim J  Choi YJ  Woo NS  Cho S  Kim B 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(8):787-793

We determined the contribution of the Rho family of low molecular GTP-binding proteins to phorbol ester-induced contraction in swine pulmonary artery smooth muscle. In Ca2+-free medium containing 1 mM EGTA, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB, 1 microM), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, elicited sustained contractions, which were not inhibited by treatment with verapamil, a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel antagonist, and Y27632, a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor. Immunoblot analysis showed three PKC isoforms (alpha, epsilon, and zeta) and two Rho GTPases (RhoA and Cdc42) in both cytosolic and the membrane fractions from quiescent strips. DPB (1 microM) significantly induced PKCalpha and epsilon to translocate from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction in Ca2+-free medium. DPB also elicited the translocation of Cdc42, but not RhoA to the membrane fraction. Similarly, in the experiment for measurement of Rho GTPase activity by pull-down assay, DPB (1 microM) significantly increased the activity of Cdc42 in Ca2+-free medium. Norepinephrine (NE, 10 microM) stimulated the redistribution of RhoA from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction in swine pulmonary artery smooth muscle. In contrast, NE did not alter the subcellular distributions of Cdc42 and the PKC isoforms. These results indicate that phorbol ester evokes PKC-mediated Ca2+-independent contraction via a Rho GTPase pathway, especially Cdc42, in smooth muscle from swine pulmonary arteries.  相似文献   

EK-2612, a new cyclohexane-1,3-dione possessing selectivity between rice (Oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)     

Kim TJ  Kim JS  Hong KS  Hwang IT  Kim KM  Kim HR  Cho KY 《Pest management science》2004,60(9):909-913

A newly synthesized experimental compound, EK-2612 is one of the class of cyclohexane-1,3-diones which are commonly known to be grasskillers. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the herbicidal performances of EK-2612 on several grass species in comparison with tralkoxydim, a commercialized cyclohexanedione derivative. Like tralkoxydim, the compound EK-2612 showed excellent control efficacy on most grass weeds tested through foliar application rates between 250 and 63 g AI ha(-1). Unlike tralkoxydim, however, EK-2612 showed a good rice safety, and there was no rice damage observed at the level below 125 g AI ha(-1), while rice injury developed at the same application rates of tralkoxydim. With this rice safety, EK-2612 controlled barnyardgrass effectively up to the two-leaf stage under both submerged and dried paddy conditions. An in vitro ACCase assay indicated that EK-2612 is a strong ACCase inhibitor; however, the dose-response was not substantially different in rice and barnryardgrass, showing I50 values of 0.1 and 0.12 microM, respectively. These results suggest that the compound EK-2612 is targeting plant ACCase, but the whole-plant rice safety is not attributable to a different inhibition of the target site in rice from that in barnyardgrass.  相似文献