Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Behaviors of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paeonia suffruticosa</Emphasis>     

Ding HY  Chou TH  Lin RJ  Chan LP  Wang GH  Liang CH 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(3):275-284

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Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity among Streptococcus iniae Isolates Recovered from Cultured and Wild Fish in North America,Central America and the Caribbean Islands     

Lucy Chou  Matt J. Griffin  Trellor Fraites  Cynthia Ware  Hugh Ferguson  Natalie Keirstead 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(4):263-271

Abstract

Streptococcus iniae, the etiological agent of streptococcosis in fish, is an important pathogen of cultured and wild fish worldwide. During the last decade outbreaks of streptococcosis have occurred in a wide range of cultured and wild fish in the Americas and Caribbean islands. To gain a better understanding of the epizootiology of S. iniae in the western hemisphere, over 30 S. iniae isolates recovered from different fish species and geographic locations were characterized phenotypically and genetically. Species identities were determined biochemically and confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR fingerprinting as well as biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles suggest that a single strain of S. iniae was responsible for two different disease outbreaks among reef fishes in the Caribbean, one in 1999 and another in 2008. Interestingly, a majority of the isolates recovered from cultured fish in the Americas were genetically distinct from the Caribbean isolates and exhibited a trend toward higher minimal inhibitory concentration with respect to several antibiotics as well as greater genetic variability. The biological significance of this genetic variability is unclear, but it could have implications for future vaccine development and treatment.

Received April 20, 2014; accepted July 7, 2014  相似文献   

Bone Regeneration of Rat Tibial Defect by Zinc-Tricalcium Phosphate (Zn-TCP) Synthesized from Porous Foraminifera Carbonate Macrospheres     

Joshua Chou  Jia Hao  Shinji Kuroda  David Bishop  Besim Ben-Nissan  Bruce Milthorpe  Makoto Otsuka 《Marine drugs》2013,11(12):5148-5158

Foraminifera carbonate exoskeleton was hydrothermally converted to biocompatible and biodegradable zinc-tricalcium phosphate (Zn-TCP) as an alternative biomimetic material for bone fracture repair. Zn-TCP samples implanted in a rat tibial defect model for eight weeks were compared with unfilled defect and beta-tricalcium phosphate showing accelerated bone regeneration compared with the control groups, with statistically significant bone mineral density and bone mineral content growth. CT images of the defect showed restoration of cancellous bone in Zn-TCP and only minimal growth in control group. Histological slices reveal bone in-growth within the pores and porous chamber of the material detailing good bone-material integration with the presence of blood vessels. These results exhibit the future potential of biomimetic Zn-TCP as bone grafts for bone fracture repair.  相似文献   

Towards the Small and the Beautiful: A Small Dibromotyrosine Derivative from Pseudoceratina sp. Sponge Exhibits Potent Apoptotic Effect through Targeting IKK/NFκB Signaling Pathway     

Jui-Hsin Su  Yu-Cheng Chen  Mohamed El-Shazly  Ying-Chi Du  Chiang-Wen Su  Chia-Wei Tsao  Li-Lian Liu  Yalan Chou  Wen-Been Chang  Yin-Di Su  Michael Y. Chiang  Yao-Tsung Yeh  Mei-Chin Lu 《Marine drugs》2013,11(9):3168-3185

A dibromotyrosine derivative, (1′R,5′S,6′S)-2-(3′,5′-dibromo-1′,6′-dihydroxy-4′-oxocyclohex-2′-enyl) acetonitrile (DT), was isolated from the sponge Pseudoceratina sp., and was found to exhibit a significant cytotoxic activity against leukemia K562 cells. Despite the large number of the isolated bromotyrosine derivatives, studies focusing on their biological mechanism of action are scarce. In the current study we designed a set of experiments to reveal the underlying mechanism of DT cytotoxic activity against K562 cells. First, the results of MTT cytotoxic and the annexin V-FITC/PI apoptotic assays, indicated that the DT cytotoxic activity is mediated through induction of apoptosis. This effect was also supported by caspases-3 and -9 activation as well as PARP cleavage. DT induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as indicated by flow cytometric assay. The involvement of ROS generation in the apoptotic activity of DT was further corroborated by the pretreatment of K562 cells with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, which prevented apoptosis and the disruption of MMP induced by DT. Results of cell-free system assay suggested that DT can act as a topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor, unlike the clinical anticancer drug, etoposide, which acts as a topoisomerase poison. Additionally, we found that DT treatment can block IKK/NFκB pathway and activate PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings suggest that the cytotoxic effect of DT is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent apoptosis which is mediated through oxidative stress. Therefore, DT represents an interesting reference point for the development of new cytotoxic agent targeting IKK/NFκB pathway.  相似文献   

Comparison of postoperative effects between lidocaine infusion,meloxicam, and their combination in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy     

Teng‐Yu Tsai  Shao‐Kuang Chang  Po‐Yen Chou  Lih‐Seng Yeh 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(6):615-622

ObjectiveTo compare the postoperative analgesic effects of intravenous (IV) lidocaine, meloxicam, and their combination in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.Study designProspective, randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial.AnimalsTwenty‐seven dogs aged (mean ± SD) 16.1 ± 7.5 months and weighing 22.4 ± 17.9 kg scheduled for ovariohysterectomy.MethodsAnaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Dogs (n = 9 in each group) were allocated to receive just prior to and during surgery one of the following regimens: M group, 0.2 mg kg^?1 IV meloxicam then a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of lactated Ringer's at 10 mL kg^?1 hour^?1; L group, a bolus of lidocaine (1 mg kg^?1 IV) then a CRI of lidocaine at 0.025 mg kg^?1 minute^?1; and M + L group, both the above meloxicam and lidocaine treatments. Pain and sedation were scored, and venous samples taken for serum cortisol and glucose measurement before and at intervals for 12 hours after anaesthesia. Pain scores were assessed using a multi‐parameter subjective scoring scale (cumulative scale 0–21) by three observers. The protocol stated that dogs with a total score exceeding 9 or a sub‐score above 3 in any one category would receive rescue analgesia. Sedation was scored on a scale of 0–4.ResultsThere were no significant differences in subjective pain scores, serum cortisol, and glucose concentrations between the three groups. The highest pain score at any time was 5, and no dog required rescue analgesia. None of the three regimens caused any observable side effects during or after anaesthesia. At 1 and 2 hours after extubation dogs in group L were significantly more sedated than in the other two groups.Conclusions and Clinical relevanceThis study suggests that, with the scoring system used, IV lidocaine and meloxicam provide similar and adequate post‐operative analgesia in healthy dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.  相似文献   

Free Radical Scavenging Activity of 4-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl)phenyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside from Origanum vulgare and Its Protection against Oxidative Damage     

CH Liang  LP Chan  HY Ding  EC So  RJ Lin  HM Wang  YG Chen  TH Chou 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(31):7690-7696

4-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl)phenyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (DBPG), a polyphenolic glycoside, isolated from Origanum vulgare has shown 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(?))-scavenging capacity in previous work. This study demonstrated that DBPG exhibits antioxidant activity by a series of DPPH(?), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS(?+)), and superoxide anion radical (O(2)(?-)) radical-scavenging assays. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LP) by DBPG exceeded that by l-ascorbic acid (AA) in a liposome model system. Adding DBPG to mouse liver and brain tissue inhibited the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) to a greater extent than did trolox. In the oxygen stress test, BNLCL2 and HaCaT cells pretreated with DBPG showed increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), perhaps as a result of reduction of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings proved that DBPG had antioxidant activities and a cytoprotective effect in hepatocytes and keratinocytes, suggesting that DBPG may be a useful food and cosmetic additive.  相似文献   

Cytotoxic sesterterpenoids from a sponge Hippospongia sp     

YC Chang  SW Tseng  LL Liu  Y Chou  YS Ho  MC Lu  JH Su 《Marine drugs》2012,10(5):987-997

One new pentacyclic sesterterpene, hippospongide A (1), and one new scalarane sesterterpenoid, hippospongide B (2), along with six previously reported known scalarane-type sesterterpenes (3-8), were isolated from a sponge Hippospongia sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with those of known analogues. These metabolites are the first pentacyclic sesterterpene and scalarane-type sesterterpenes to be reported from this genus. Compounds 3-5 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against DLD-1, HCT-116, T-47D and K562 cancer cell lines.  相似文献   

杉木测交系设计子代遗传分析     

蒋燚  龚建英  雷布先  郭正统  周显军  朱光太 《江西林业科技》2008,(6)

时11年生杉木测交系设计的生长性状树高、胸径和材积进行了遗传效应分析,结果表明,树高、胸径和材积的一般配合力方差分别占总遗传方差的36.95%、44.77%和53.36%,树高、胸径的特殊配合力占绝对优势,材积的一般配合力占绝对优势,在杉木生长的遗传改良中,应以利用树高、胸径的非加性效应和材积的加性遗传效应为主.树高、胸径、材积狭义遗传力分别为16.17%、16.39%和19.14%,遗传力适中.通过配合力分析选出236和75为最好亲本,75×72、71×236、237×236、80×23、118×72、14×23为最优组合.  相似文献   

Optical clocks and relativity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chou CW  Hume DB  Rosenband T  Wineland DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,329(5999):1630-1633

Observers in relative motion or at different gravitational potentials measure disparate clock rates. These predictions of relativity have previously been observed with atomic clocks at high velocities and with large changes in elevation. We observed time dilation from relative speeds of less than 10 meters per second by comparing two optical atomic clocks connected by a 75-meter length of optical fiber. We can now also detect time dilation due to a change in height near Earth's surface of less than 1 meter. This technique may be extended to the field of geodesy, with applications in geophysics and hydrology as well as in space-based tests of fundamental physics.  相似文献   

干椒新品种筛选试验初报     

刘绸  柴梅丽  邓平  蒋玥  胡元伦 《长江蔬菜》2010,(24):26-28

在贵州省农业委员会和贵阳市蔬菜办的安排下,引进777、535、满天星等8个干椒新品种进行品种比较试验,结果表明,满天星和单生红两个品种,植株长势强、抗逆性强,果实油质光滑,品质优,含水量低,在清镇市可作小山椒发展,535和241两个品种,植株长势和抗逆性也强,果实品质也好,青果为黄绿色,是典型的泡椒类型品种,可作泡椒发展。  相似文献