Vitamin D status of 51-75-year-old Irish women: its determinants and impact on biochemical indices of bone turnover     

Hill TR  O'Brien MM  Lamberg-Allardt C  Jakobsen J  Kiely M  Flynn A  Cashman KD 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(2):225-233

OBJECTIVES: To assess the vitamin D status of Irish postmenopausal women during wintertime, and to examine its relationship with serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. In addition, the determinants of wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D) levels in these women were investigated. DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Cork City, Ireland (52 degrees N). SUBJECTS: Ninety-five apparently healthy, free-living postmenopausal women (aged 51-75 years), not taking any medication and free from any condition likely to affect vitamin D status or calcium/bone metabolism. RESULTS: Forty-eight per cent and 7% of women had serum 25OH-D levels <50 nmol l(-1) and <25 nmol l(-1), respectively. 25OH-D levels in these women were positively associated with dietary calcium intake (P = 0.0002) and use of vitamin D-containing supplements (P = 0.031), and negatively associated with cigarette smoking (P = 0.027) and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.030). Low serum 25OH-D levels (<50 nmol l(-1)) were associated (P < 0.01) with elevated serum PTH levels. There were no significant differences in urinary pyridinium crosslinks or serum osteocalcin, biochemical indices of bone turnover, between subjects with serum 25OH-D levels above or below 50 nmol l(-1). CONCLUSION: A high proportion of Irish postmenopausal women had low vitamin D status (<50 nmol l(-1)) during late wintertime, which appeared to lead to elevated levels of serum PTH but not of bone turnover markers. Use of regular low-dose supplemental vitamin D, meeting daily calcium recommendations, cessation of smoking and maintaining BMI in the normal range are important factors that could help maintain adequate vitamin D levels during wintertime in these women.  相似文献   

Biochemical and structural factors contributing to seasonal variation in the texture of farmed Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) flesh     

Hagen Ø  Solberg C  Sirnes E  Johnston IA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5803-5808

Factors contributing to the texture of fish flesh, including pH, water content, density of fast muscle fibers, and the concentration of collagen and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (PYD) cross-links, were investigated post-rigor in commercially farmed Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). The fish was sampled every quarter for a 12 month period from May 2004 to May 2005. Hydroxyproline (HYP) as a measure of collagen and PYD were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. An ANCOVA model with fork length and season as covariates were used to explore the seasonal effects on texture, pH, muscle fiber density, alkaline-insoluble collagen (a-i HYP), alkaline-soluble collagen (a-s HYP), and PYD cross-links. A multiple linear regression (MLR) showed that the most important factors contributing to texture were PYD>water (%)>a-i HYP>fiber density, while pH and a-s HYP did not show any correlation to texture. The contribution of fast muscle fiber density to texture was found to vary between sexes and with the season, contributing more in males and in the spring. The most important parameter affecting texture was PYD, explaining 64% (p<0.001) of the total variation in a linear regression analysis. It is concluded that cross-linking processes are of great importance for the rigidity and strength of the collagen in Atlantic halibut flesh. Farmed halibut should be harvested in the fall or early winter when texture and nutrition are good to obtain optimal quality.  相似文献   

Dispersant use as a response to oil spills: toxicological effects on fish cardiac performance     

Thomas Milinkovitch  Hélène Thomas-Guyon  Christel Lefrançois  Nathalie Imbert 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(2):257-262

Dispersant use is a controversial technique used to respond to oil spills in nearshore areas. In order to assess the toxicity of this technique, this study evaluated the cardiac toxicological effects on juvenile golden grey mullets Liza aurata exposed for 48 h to either dispersant alone, chemically dispersed oil, mechanically dispersed oil, the water-soluble fraction of oil or a control condition. Following exposure, the positive inotropic effects of adrenaline were assessed in order to evaluate a potential impairment on the cardiac performance. The results revealed an impairment of the positive inotropic effects of adrenaline for all the contaminants (single dispersant, dispersed and undispersed oil, water-soluble fraction of oil). This suggests that: (1) cardiac performance is a valuable parameter to study the physiopathological effects of dispersed oil; (2) dispersant application is likely to impair cardiac performance.  相似文献   

A capacity-building conceptual framework for public health nutrition practice     

Baillie E  Bjarnholt C  Gruber M  Hughes R 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(8):1031-1038

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Stability and composition of soil organic matter control respiration and soil enzyme activities     

Peter Leinweber  Gerald Jandl  Christel Baum  Kai-Uwe Eckhardt  Ellen Kandeler 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(6):1496-1505

Relationships between soil organic matter (SOM) molecular composition, thermal stability and decomposability by soil enzymes and microbes are largely unknown. We incubated soils from unfertilized and NPK-fertilized neighboring field plots of a long-term rye (Secale cereale) monoculture experiment and investigated relationships between changes in the molecular-chemical composition of SOM, the CO₂ flux and the activities of enzymes. Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) showed larger ion intensities in the NPK-fertilized than in the unfertilized soil at start of the incubation, only small changes in composition and thermal stability in the unfertilized soil, and a preferential reduction in thermally stable components as well as general shifts towards lower pyrolysis temperature after three weeks of incubation in the NPK-treatment. We found evidence that thermally labile and stable proportions of various compound classes were differently susceptible to decomposition, depending on the fertilization history of the soil. Irrespective of fertilization treatment, peaks in xylanase activity after 7 days of incubation followed by decreasing values were reflected by the ratio of xylan (m/z 114) to xylose (m/z 132) marker signals in the Py-FI mass spectra. Thus, the study proved that (1) SOM composition was changed due to long-term rye cropping without and with NPK-fertilization, (2) the modified SOM composition affected the decomposability and microbial parameters under optimized conditions and (3) the thermal properties of individual compound classes derived from Py-FI mass spectra can be sensitive predictors of microbial decomposition.  相似文献   

The world livestock disease picture     

N M Konnerup 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1968,153(12):1853-1854

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Carbon allocation and nitrogen acquisition in a developing Populus deltoides plantation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Coleman MD  Friend AL  Kern CC 《Tree physiology》2004,24(12):1347-1357

We established Populus deltoides Bartr. stands differing in nitrogen (N) availability and tested if: (1) N-induced carbon (C) allocation could be explained by developmental allocation controls; and (2) N uptake per unit root mass, i.e., specific N-uptake rate, increased with N availability. Closely spaced (1 x 1 m) stands were treated with 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) of time-release balanced fertilizer (50N, 100N and 200N) and compared with unfertilized controls (0N). Measurements were made during two complete growing seasons from May 1998 through October 1999. Repeated nondestructive measurements were carried out to determine stem height and diameter, leaf area and fine-root dynamics. In October of both years, above- and belowground biomass was harvested, including soil cores for fine-root biomass. Leaves were harvested in July 1999. Harvested tissues were analyzed for C and N content. Nondestructive stem diameter and and fine-root dynamic measurements were combined with destructive harvest data to estimate whole-tree biomass and N content at the end of the year, and to estimate specific N-uptake rates during the 1999 growing season. Shoot growth response was greater in fertilized trees than in control trees; however, the 100N and 200N treatments did not enhance growth more than the 50N treatment. Root biomass proportions decreased over time and with increasing fertilizer treatment. Fertilizer-induced changes in allocation were explained by accelerated development. Specific N-uptake rates increased during the growing season and were higher for fertilized trees than for control trees.  相似文献   

Selection and genetic improvement of indigenous and exotic multi-purpose tree species for dry zones     

Christel Palmerrg 《Agroforestry Systems》1986,4(2):121-127

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Differences in growth and chemical composition between male and female farmed cod (Gadus morhua) throughout a maturation cycle     

Christel Solberg  & Lasse Willumsen 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(6):619-626

The growth of farmed cod fed to satiation under natural conditions in the sea in North Norway (67°N) was followed over 1 year. At the start of the experiment in September 2003, the average weight was 1300 g. After 1 year, in September 2004, the average weight was 2800 g. From the end of November to June, the fish matured and spawned and there was little or no weight gain in the fish during this time. The male cod developed gonads earlier than the females. In February, the male gonad index was 19% and decreased to 7% by the end of April, whereas the female gonad index increased from 14% in February to 25% in April. The male liver index decreased by 2% in February and by another 3% in April, when it only decreased by 1% in the female cod. The muscle protein in the female cod was reduced by more than 20 g kg^?1 in April, and the difference between the muscle protein in the male and the female cod was still significant in September. No differences were found in the post‐rigour muscle pH due to the sex of the fish.  相似文献   

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals against Herpes simplex Virus 1     

Hugo Pliego-Corts  Kvin Hardouin  Gilles Bedoux  Christel Marty  Stphane Crantola  Yolanda Freile-Pelegrín  Daniel Robledo  Nathalie Bourgougnon 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) remains a prominent health concern widespread all over the world. The increasing genital infections by HSV-1 that might facilitate acquisition and transmission of HIV-1, the cumulative evidence that HSV-1 promotes neurodegenerative disorders, and the emergence of drug resistance signify the need for new antiviral agents. In this study, the in vitro anti-herpetic activity of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted by enzyme or hot water from seaweeds collected in France and Mexico from stranding events, were evaluated. The anti-herpetic activity evaluation of the semi-refined-polysaccharides (sr-SPs) and different ion exchange purified fractions showed a wide range of antiviral activity. Among them, the sr-SPs from the Rhodophyta Halymenia floresii showed stronger activity EC₅₀ 0.68 μg/mL with SI 1470, without cytotoxicity. Further, the antiviral activity of the sr-SPs evaluated at different treatment schemes showed a high EC₅₀ of 0.38 μg/mL during the viral adsorption assays when the polysaccharide and the virus were added simultaneously, whilst the protection on Vero cell during the post-infection assay was effective up to 1 h. The chemical composition, FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopic, and molecular weights of the sr-SPs from H. floresii were determined and discussed based on the anti-herpetic activity. The potential utilization of seaweed stranding as a source of antiviral compounds is addressed.  相似文献