First evidence of previously undescribed trichomonad species in the intestine of pigs?     

Mostegl MM  Richter B  Nedorost N  Lang C  Maderner A  Dinhopl N  Weissenböck H 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):86-90

Three different parasites of the phylum Parabasala (Tritrichomonas foetus, Trichomitus rotunda and Tetratrichomonas buttreyi) have been described in pigs. In a previous study (Mostegl et al., 2011) approximately 47% of 91 paraffin wax-embedded intestinal samples of pigs which were Trichomonas-positive by in situ hybridization using a probe with a broad reactivity spectrum contained other species than T. foetus. Out of these, intestinal trichomonads from three pigs (pigs 1-3) were further analyzed by gene sequencing of a part of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using primer walking. Subsequently, the partial sequences achieved by the different primer pairs were combined to a sequence of about 1000 bp for each trichomonad. In all three pigs unique sequences were acquired which showed only moderate similarities to sequences available in the GenBank. Alignments and the BLAST analysis showed a high degree of homology between sequences of trichomonads from pig 1 and pig 3 with only 1% difference. These sequences were found to be 92% similar to Hypotrichomonas acosta, a trichomonad isolated from squamate reptiles. The trichomonad sequence detected in the intestine of pig 2 showed about 10% nucleotide differences compared to pigs 1 and 3. This sequence was 97% similar to two Trichomitus batrachorum (a frog symbiont) sequences. A phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods supported the data of the BLAST analysis. These results suggest the presence of at least two as yet undescribed trichomonad species in the intestinal contents of pigs.  相似文献   

Outer retinal degeneration in two closely related Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii)     

Goran Kosec  Christiane Kafarnik  Ghislaine Sayers  Emma Jane Scurrell  Wallace James Carter 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(2):394-401

This case report comprises studies of four Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii) from the same enclosure. Globe samples from two related C goeldii (the female C goeldii and her male offspring) were available for a histopathological evaluation. Both cases presented histopathologically evident outer retinal degeneration with differences in severity. There was marked outer retinal atrophy characterized by loss of the outer and inner photoreceptor segments, and depletion of the outer retinal nuclear layer. Furthermore, we report a reduction in the thickness of the outer retinal plexiform, inner retinal nuclear layer, and inner retinal plexiform layer in these C goeldii monkeys. To the authors’ knowledge, these findings have not yet been reported in wild‐ or captive‐bred population of C goeldii.  相似文献   

Effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the bovine oviduct in vitro: Alteration by heat stress     

Missaka P. B. WIJAYAGUNAWARDANE  Nina HAMBRUCH  Jan-Dirk HAEGER  Christiane PFARRER 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):383-389

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to be involved in control of the oviductal microenvironment. To elucidate the potential mechanisms responsible for the detrimental effect of heat stress and to identify the relation with the endocrine status, the effects of EGF on the level of phosphorylated mitogen-activated-protein kinase (MAPK) and proliferation of bovine oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) exposed to different cyclic ovarian steroidal environments (luteal phase (LP), follicular phase (FP) and postovulatory phase (PO)) and temperatures (mild heat stress (40 C) and severe heat stress (43 C)) were investigated. Western blot was performed to evaluate phosphorylated MAPK, while proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Stimulation of OECs with EGF alone or with EGF in the PO and FP environments significantly increased the amount of phosphorylated MAPK, with MAPK 44 phosphorylation being highest during exposure to PO conditions. These effects were not observed in the LP. Heat treatment completely blocked effects of EGF on phosphorylated MAPK. Additionally, severe heat stress led to a significantly lower basal level of phosphorylated MAPK. PD98059 (MAPK inhibitor) completely abolished EGF-stimulated MAPK phosphorylation and OECs proliferation. Overall the results indicate that EGF has the potential to increase the amount of phosphorylated MAPK in OECs and therefore could be involved in regulation of the bovine oviductal microenvironment. However, these regulatory mechanisms may be compromised in the presence of heat stress (high ambient temperature), leading to low fertility rates and impaired embryo survival.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—THROMBOSED ORBITAL VARIX IN A DOG          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew Holloway  David Donaldson  Christiane Kafarnik 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(5):E58-E64

A 9‐week‐old female Rhodesian Ridgeback presented with exophthalmos following minor blunt trauma to the left orbital area. Ocular ultrasound showed an extraconal retrobulbar mass ventromedial to the left globe. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a thrombosed orbital vascular malformation without intracranial extension. Doppler ultrasound features of nonpulsatile slow flow were consistent with an orbital varix. Contrast‐enhanced dynamic time‐resolved and high‐resolution MR angiography demonstrated the varix arose from the anastomotic branch of the dorsal and ventral external ophthalmic veins. Conservative management led to a positive outcome defined as a visual eye and nearly normal cosmetic appearance at 8‐month follow‐up.  相似文献   

Host evolution in Mastomys natalensis (Rodentia: Muridae): An integrative approach using geometric morphometrics and genetics          下载免费PDF全文

Aude LALIS  Allowen EVIN  Marc JANIER  Lamine KOIVOGUI  Christiane DENYS 《Integrative zoology》2015,10(6):505-514

The commensal rodent Mastomys natalensis is the natural reservoir of Lassa arenavirus (LASV), which causes hemorrhagic fever in West Africa. To study a possible effect of the virus on phenotypic and genotypic variation of its persistently infected host, we compared LASV‐positive and non‐infected wild‐caught M. natalensis. The LASV effects on the phenotypic variation were explored using standard external morphometric measurements, geometric morphometric analyses of the cranial size and shape, and brain case volume. The genetic variability of M. natalensis specimens was assessed using 9 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Independent of sex and age, LASV‐infected animals had smaller external body measurements, reproductive organs, skull size and brain case volume. Cranial shape differences between the 2 groups are represented by a lateral constriction of the entire skull. The genetic variability revealed consanguinity only among the LASV‐positive rodents. We hypothesize that growth impairment may result in a selective disadvantage for LASV‐infected M. natalensis, leading to a preferably commensal lifestyle in areas where the LAVS is endemic and, thereby, increasing the risk of LASV transmission to humans.  相似文献   

Rflp mapping in potato of qualitative and quantitative genetic loci conferring resistance to potato pathogens     

Christiane Gebhardt 《American Journal of Potato Research》1994,71(5):339-345

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Structure of Galphaq-p63RhoGEF-RhoA complex reveals a pathway for the activation of RhoA by GPCRs     

Lutz S  Shankaranarayanan A  Coco C  Ridilla M  Nance MR  Vettel C  Baltus D  Evelyn CR  Neubig RR  Wieland T  Tesmer JJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5858):1923-1927

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor p63RhoGEF is an effector of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) Galphaq and thereby links Galphaq-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the activation of the small-molecular-weight G protein RhoA. We determined the crystal structure of the Galphaq-p63RhoGEF-RhoA complex, detailing the interactions of Galphaq with the Dbl and pleckstrin homology (DH and PH) domains of p63RhoGEF. These interactions involve the effector-binding site and the C-terminal region of Galphaq and appear to relieve autoinhibition of the catalytic DH domain by the PH domain. Trio, Duet, and p63RhoGEF are shown to constitute a family of Galphaq effectors that appear to activate RhoA both in vitro and in intact cells. We propose that this structure represents the crux of an ancient signal transduction pathway that is expected to be important in an array of physiological processes.  相似文献   

The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei     

Berriman M  Ghedin E  Hertz-Fowler C  Blandin G  Renauld H  Bartholomeu DC  Lennard NJ  Caler E  Hamlin NE  Haas B  Böhme U  Hannick L  Aslett MA  Shallom J  Marcello L  Hou L  Wickstead B  Alsmark UC  Arrowsmith C  Atkin RJ  Barron AJ  Bringaud F  Brooks K  Carrington M  Cherevach I  Chillingworth TJ  Churcher C  Clark LN  Corton CH  Cronin A  Davies RM  Doggett J  Djikeng A  Feldblyum T  Field MC  Fraser A  Goodhead I  Hance Z  Harper D  Harris BR  Hauser H  Hostetler J  Ivens A  Jagels K  Johnson D  Johnson J  Jones K  Kerhornou AX  Koo H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):416-422

African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately 900 pseudogenes and approximately 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.  相似文献   

Genome of the host-cell transforming parasite Theileria annulata compared with T. parva     

Pain A  Renauld H  Berriman M  Murphy L  Yeats CA  Weir W  Kerhornou A  Aslett M  Bishop R  Bouchier C  Cochet M  Coulson RM  Cronin A  de Villiers EP  Fraser A  Fosker N  Gardner M  Goble A  Griffiths-Jones S  Harris DE  Katzer F  Larke N  Lord A  Maser P  McKellar S  Mooney P  Morton F  Nene V  O'Neil S  Price C  Quail MA  Rabbinowitsch E  Rawlings ND  Rutter S  Saunders D  Seeger K  Shah T  Squares R  Squares S  Tivey A  Walker AR  Woodward J  Dobbelaere DA  Langsley G  Rajandream MA  McKeever D  Shiels B  Tait A  Barrell B  Hall N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5731):131-133

Theileria annulata and T. parva are closely related protozoan parasites that cause lymphoproliferative diseases of cattle. We sequenced the genome of T. annulata and compared it with that of T. parva to understand the mechanisms underlying transformation and tropism. Despite high conservation of gene sequences and synteny, the analysis reveals unequally expanded gene families and species-specific genes. We also identify divergent families of putative secreted polypeptides that may reduce immune recognition, candidate regulators of host-cell transformation, and a Theileria-specific protein domain [frequently associated in Theileria (FAINT)] present in a large number of secreted proteins.  相似文献   

Citrobacter freundii septicemia in two dogs.     

Jean-René Galarneau  Mado Fortin  Jean-Martin Lapointe  Christiane Girard 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(3):297-299

A 4-month-old Maltese puppy and a 7.5-year-old Collie were diagnosed with septicemia associated with Citrobacter freundii. The puppy died soon, after developing weakness and mucohemorragic diarrhea. The Collie had immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia and was treated with immunosuppressive drugs before being euthanized. Gross examination of the puppy revealed mucohemorrhagic intestinal contents. Focal necrotic hepatitis, fibrinous peritonitis, interstitial pneumonia, and hemorrhagic gastrointestinal contents were observed in the older dog. Histologically, there was a diffuse, moderate, histiocytic meningitis in the puppy and a focal fibrinonecrotic hepatitis in the adult dog. Lesions in both dogs contained numerous gram-negative rods. Citrobacter freudii is a potential cause of monomicrobic bacteraemia-septicemia in puppies or immunocompromized adult dogs.The gastrointestinal tract is probably the main site of entry.  相似文献