Body and claw measurements as well as pressure distribution under the claws in heifers of different cattle breeds     

Huth C  Russke A  Alsleben B  Hamann H  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(3-4):150-159

In 56 heifers of the three breeds German Holstein (GH), German Brown (GB) und German Red (GR) the body weight and height were determined at the age of 350 to 550 days in intervals of 6 to 8 weeks. At the right front limb and the left hind limb the claw measurements dorsal wall length, diagonal length, heel length and height, the angle of the dorsal wall and the hardness of the claw were taken. Furthermore, the punctual pressure under the medial and the lateral claw of the right front limb and the left hind limb were determined using an electronic measuring system. The GH heifers weighing 387.3 kg on an average and having a mean height of 132.3 cm at the sacral bone in the course of the present study were the heaviest and tallest breed at the age of 12 to 18 months. GB had a weight of 366.2 kg and 106.2 cm height at the sacral bone. The GR were the smallest breed (126.0 cm) and weighed 337.7 kg. The heel at the front limb was on the average 1 cm shorter than at the hind limb and it was 0.5 cm lower. The angle of the dorsal border was 4-5 degrees higher at the hind limb. The GR had the flattest claws. The animals showed a larger average weight load on the medial claws than on the lateral claws especially of the front limbs. The highest pressures per cm2 were found underneath the rear part of the medial claw in all breeds. At the front limb, the GB showed significantly higher average pressures per cm2 under the front sectors of the claws than GH and GR, while the other values did not differ significantly between the breeds. The GH tended to have lower average pressures per cm2 underneath the claws of the hind limb, but this was only significant at the front medial sector of the claw.  相似文献   

Québec. Colonic spirochetosis in piglets          下载免费PDF全文

Christiane Girard 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(1):68

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Public Interest Issues!          下载免费PDF全文

Dr. Christiane Gagnon 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(6):466-467

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Differential susceptibility to abamectin and two bioactive avermectin analogs in abamectin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)     

Christiane N. Gouamene-LamineKyong Sup Yoon  J. Marshall Clark 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,76(1):15-23

As resistance to currently used insecticides increases in the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), abamectin and its 4″-epi and 8,9-oxide analogs may serve as likely replacements if proven effective. We previously selected an abamectin-resistant strain of CPB (AB-F) that is suitable for the determination of cross-resistance to these two bioactive avermectin analogs. Using bioassay and logit analysis, the present work shows that, on average and following normalization by weight, the larval stages of the insecticide-susceptible SS strain are equally sensitive to the toxic action of abamectin and its 4″-epi and 8,9-oxide analogs, indicating that all three compounds retain high bioactivity towards the susceptible larval stages. Abamectin and the two analogs also are similar in toxicity to the larval stages of the AB-F strain. However, the AB-F larval stages are significantly less sensitive on average to these insecticides than the SS larval stages, indicating resistance to abamectin and cross-resistance to both the two analogs tested. Likewise, adults of the AB-F strain are significantly less sensitive to the toxic action of abamectin and the two analogs compared to SS adults, also indicative of resistance and cross-resistance. Abamectin is significantly more toxic, however, to both SS and AB-F adults, respectively, than either of the two analogs. The reduction in sensitivity was particularly evident in SS adults to both the 4″-epi and 8,9-oxide analogs. Additionally, adults of the SS strain are significantly less sensitive to the toxic action of abamectin and the two analogs when compared to SS larval stages. There is no significant differences, however, in the toxicity of these three insecticides, respectively, between larval and adults stages of the AB-F strain. This phenomenon results in lower resistance ratio (RR) values calculated for the two avermectin analogs compared to those calculated for abamectin regardless of the insect stage examined but is particularly evident and significant in the adult stage. This relative decrease in resistance levels is primarily associated with SS adults that are less sensitive to the toxic action of these insecticides. The decrease in abamectin toxicity is apparently due to significantly increased levels of P450 associated with SS adults versus forth instars and to similar levels in adults of the SS and AB-F strains. Because abamectin resistance in CPB is due in large part to enhanced oxidative metabolism of abamectin, it is likely that the SS adults are more tolerant to abamectin due to an enhanced level of oxidative detoxification. Finally, neither abamectin nor the two analogs are structurally protected at the specific molecular locations, C₃″, C₂₄, and C₂₆ carbons, which leads to enhanced oxidative metabolism, resistance and cross-resistance. Structurally-protected avermectin analogs at these vulnerable intramolecular sites are likely to be more effective insecticides in suppressing the development of oxidative detoxification-based resistance to abamectin, as would the use of oxidative synergists.  相似文献   

Viral testing of 10 cases of Theiler's disease and 37 in‐contact horses in the absence of equine biologic product administration: A prospective study (2014‐2018)     

Joy E. Tomlinson  Bud C. Tennant  Alyssa Struzyna  Dawn Mrad  Nimet Browne  Dorothy Whelchel  Philip J. Johnson  Camilla Jamieson  Christiane V. Lhr  Robert Bildfell  Erica C. McKenzie  Melissa Laverack  Randall W. Renshaw  Edward Dubovi  Amit Kapoor  Richard S. Meirs  Rodney Belgrave  Julie Engiles  Gerlinde R. Van de Walle  Thomas J. Divers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):258-265

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CT features of malignant tubular genital tract tumors in seven goats     

Alexandra G. Collins-Webb  Christiane V. Löhr  Susanne M. Stieger-Vanegas 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2023,64(2):253-261

Neoplasia of the tubular genital tract in goats, while rarely described, is most commonly reported as uterine adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma, or leiomyosarcoma. In this retrospective, single-center, case series, medical records were searched for goats with a computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of tubular genital mass and a definitive histologic (surgical biopsy or necropsy) diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. Data recorded from CT images were presence of peritoneal/retroperitoneal fluid, urinary tract obstruction, abdominal lymphadenomegaly, additional abdominal nodules/masses, and pulmonary nodules. For masses, maximum cross-sectional area, contrast enhancement, and uterine luminal fluid accumulation were also recorded. Seven goats met the inclusion criteria (leiomyosarcoma n = 5, adenocarcinoma n = 2). Both goats with adenocarcinoma had upper urinary tract obstruction, moderate to severe regional lymphadenopathy, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal or hepatic nodules/masses; one goat with adenocarcinoma was discharged and subsequently euthanized, and the other had palliative mass debulking and was lost to follow up. Goats with leiomyosarcoma had infrequent, mild peritoneal fluid and mild sublumbar lymphadenopathy. Of the goats with leiomyosarcoma, two were euthanized at or near the time of CT imaging, two were euthanized at the time of surgery due to perceived mass non-resectability, and one had mass regression approximately four months post ovariohysterectomy but was subsequently lost to follow up. Five goats had pulmonary nodules, three of which had pathologic confirmation (pulmonary metastasis in a single patient with adenocarcinoma, and lungworm granulomas in two goats with leiomyosarcoma). Severe sublumbar lymphadenopathy and obstructive uropathy were sequelae in the two caprine patients with genital adenocarcinoma, and in none with leiomyosarcoma.  相似文献   

Impact of euthanasia rates, euthanasia practices, and human resource practices on employee turnover in animal shelters     

Rogelberg SG  Reeve CL  Spitzmüller C  DiGiacomo N  Clark OL  Teeter L  Walker AG  Starling PG  Carter NT 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(5):713-719

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of euthanasia rates, euthanasia practices, and human resource practices on the turnover rate among employees with euthanasia responsibilities at animal shelters. DESIGN: Cross-sectional original study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 36 shelters across the United States that employed at least 5 full-time employees and performed euthanasia on site. PROCEDURES: By mail, 1 survey was sent to each shelter. Surveys were completed by a senior member of management and were returned by mail. Questions assessed characteristics (eg, euthanasia rates) and practices of the animal shelter, along with employee turnover rates. By use of correlation coefficients and stepwise regression analyses, key predictors of turnover rates among employees with euthanasia responsibilities were investigated. RESULTS: Employee turnover rates were positively related to euthanasia rate. Practices that were associated with decreased turnover rates included provision of a designated euthanasia room, exclusion of other live animals from vicinity during euthanasia, and removal of euthanized animals from a room prior to entry of another animal to be euthanized. Making decisions regarding euthanasia of animals on the basis of factors other than behavior and health reasons was related to increased personnel turnover. With regard to human resources practices, shelters that used a systematic personnel selection procedure (eg, standardized testing) had comparatively lower employee turnover. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data obtained may suggest several specific avenues that can be pursued to mitigate turnover among employees with euthanasia responsibilities at animal shelters and animal control or veterinary medical organizations.  相似文献   

Eimeria macusaniensis infection in 15 llamas and 34 alpacas     

Cebra CK  Valentine BA  Schlipf JW  Bildfell RJ  McKenzie E  Waitt LH  Heidel JR  Cooper BJ  Löhr CV  Bird KE  Saulez MN  Firshman AM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(1):94-100

CASE DESCRIPTION: 15 llamas and 34 alpacas between 3 weeks and 18 years old with fecal oocysts or intestinal coccidial stages morphologically consistent with Eimeria macusaniensis were examined. Nineteen of the camelids were admitted dead, and 30 were admitted alive. Camelids admitted alive accounted for 5.5% of all camelid admissions during this period. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Many severely affected camelids had signs of lethargy, weight loss, decreased appetite, and diarrhea. Camelids with clinical infection also commonly had evidence of circulatory shock, fat mobilization, and protein loss. Nonsurviving camelids also had evidence of shock, edema, bile stasis, renal insufficiency, hepatic lipidosis, muscle damage, relative hemoconcentration, and sepsis. Postmortem examination frequently revealed complete, segmental replacement of the mucosa of the distal portion of the jejunum with coccidial meronts and gamonts. For 17 of 42 camelids, results of initial fecal examinations for E macusaniensis were negative. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Most camelids admitted alive were treated with amprolium hydrochloride, plasma, and various supportive treatments. Fifteen of the 30 treated camelids died or were euthanized. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that E macusaniensis may be an important gastrointestinal tract pathogen in camelids of all ages. Clinical signs were frequently nonspecific and were often evident before results of fecal examinations for the parasite were positive. As with other coccidia, severity of disease was probably related to ingested dose, host immunity, and other factors. The clinical and herd relevance of positive fecal examination results must be determined.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable Staphylococci from various indications of swine, dogs and cats as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring program 2004-2006   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Schwarz S  Alesík E  Werckenthin C  Grobbel M  Lübke-Becker A  Wieler LH  Wallmann J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(9-10):372-379

A total of 248 coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci from two indications of swine (infections of the urinary/genital tract including strains from the mastitis metritis agalactia syndrome as well as infections of the skin) as well as two indications of dogs/cats (respiratory tract infections and infections of skin/ear/mouth) were investigated for their susceptibility to numerous antimicrobial agents. Regardless of the animal origin and indication, the most frequently detected resistance properties were resistances against penicillin G (53-77%) and ampicillin (42-75%), tetracycline (33-52%) as well as erythromycin (13-27%). Oxacillin-resistant staphylococci were rarely detected.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—THROMBOSED ORBITAL VARIX IN A DOG          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew Holloway  David Donaldson  Christiane Kafarnik 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(5):E58-E64

A 9‐week‐old female Rhodesian Ridgeback presented with exophthalmos following minor blunt trauma to the left orbital area. Ocular ultrasound showed an extraconal retrobulbar mass ventromedial to the left globe. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a thrombosed orbital vascular malformation without intracranial extension. Doppler ultrasound features of nonpulsatile slow flow were consistent with an orbital varix. Contrast‐enhanced dynamic time‐resolved and high‐resolution MR angiography demonstrated the varix arose from the anastomotic branch of the dorsal and ventral external ophthalmic veins. Conservative management led to a positive outcome defined as a visual eye and nearly normal cosmetic appearance at 8‐month follow‐up.  相似文献