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31.
Hasunuma H Takagi M Kawamura O Taniguchi C Nakamura M Chuma T Uno S Kokushi E Matsumoto D Tshering C Deguchi E Fink-Gremmels J 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(5):1610-1616
The present study was conducted to 1) identify the natural source of feed contamination by zearalenone (ZEN), which was suspected to have caused persistently increased urinary ZEN concentrations in one of our experimental cattle herds, and 2) evaluate the effects of intervention against this source of contamination. As an experimental model, a fattening Japanese Black cattle herd showing persistently increased urinary ZEN concentrations was identified. Urinary ZEN concentrations of cows fed with new rice straw (experimental group, n = 6) vs. cows that continued to feed on the old rice straw (control group, n = 4) were measured at the start (d 1) and at 2 wk (d 14) after the onset of feeding with straw. In addition, the ZEN concentration in feed and water samples was measured by using both the ELISA and HPLC methods. Furthermore, isolation and identification of fungi from rice straw and concentrate feed samples were performed. The urinary ZEN concentration [ZEN (pg/mL)/creatinine (mg/mL) = pg/mg of creatinine] of cows fed with new rice straw was significantly (P < 0.05) less (843 pg/mg of creatinine) than that of cows fed with old rice straw (15,951 pg/mg of creatinine). On both d 1 and 14, the ZEN concentrations of old rice straw were greater than those of new rice straw. In addition, fungal colonies were observed in the culture media that was obtained from the old rice straw suspected of ZEN contamination, but not in the culture media from new rice straw or other feed samples. In conclusion, our field trials clearly indicate that the rice straw fed to the cows was naturally contaminated with ZEN, and that the monitoring of urinary ZEN concentrations could prove to be a useful tool for detecting the exposure of cattle to ZEN contamination at the farm level. 相似文献
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33.
Otani I Niwa T Tajima M Ishikawa A Watanabe T Tsumagari S Takeishi M Kanayama K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(5):441-444
CD56+ cells in canine blood leukocytes were characterized by flow-cytometric analysis of peripheral blood of 30 healthy adult beagle-dogs (15 males and 15 non-pregnant females). In 19 of the 30 dogs, anti human CD56 antibody, Leu-19, reacted with 8.8-21.7% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. All CD56+ cells simultaneously expressed CD3 molecules on their surface. Further phenotypic analysis revealed that 50.6+/-13.1% of the CD56+ cells showed CD4-CD8+ phenotype and 43.7+/-10.1% showed CD4+CD8- phenotype. Expression intensity of CD56 on the CD4-CD8+CD56+ cells was significantly higher than that on CD4+CD8-CD56+ cells (P<0.001). These findings indicate that CD56, which is a neural cell adhesion molecule, is uniquely expressed on subsets of T lymphocytes in canine peripheral blood. 相似文献
34.
Chuma T Hashimoto S Okamoto K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(12):1291-1295
The best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex PCR for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari were examined. The multiplex PCR was able to detect type strains of the three species. All results of identification of wild strains (30 strains of C. jejuni, 20 strains of C. coli, and 4 strains of C. lari) by the multiplex PCR coincided with those of the conventional biochemical identification tests, suggesting that the multiplex PCR can simultaneously differentiate C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari from wild strains of campylobacters easily and rapidly. Campylobacters were detected from sparrow feces by the multiplex PCR and antimicrobial sensitivities of the strains were determined to discuss the role of sparrows in contamination of broilers with C. jejuni. Three out of 13 strains of C. jejuni isolated from sparrow feces showed quinolone resistance. From the frequent use of quinolones for treatment of industrial animals like chickens, pigs, and cows, the three strains of quinolone-resistant C. jejuni in sparrows must have been originated from those industrial animals. Sparrows that have quinolone-resistant C. jejuni were considered to have contacted with industrial animals or thier feed. It may be presumed, on the contrary, that C. jejuni in sparrows could be a potential source of contamination of broilers. 相似文献
35.
Yamamoto T Tsutsui T Nishiguchi A Kobayashi S Tsukamoto K Saito T Mase M Okamatsu M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(6):673-675
In June 2005, an outbreak of avian influenza (AI) caused by a low pathogenic H5N2 virus was identified in Japan. A serological surveillance was conducted because the infected chickens did not show any clinical signs. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method was used to evaluate the performances of serological HI and AGP tests because there was not enough time when the surveillance was initiated to conduct a test evaluation. The sensitivity of the AGP test (0.67) was lower than that of the HI test (0.99), while the specificities were high for both tests (0.96 for AGP and 0.90 for HI). Based on the low sensitivity of the AGP test, the HI test was used for primary screening in later stages of the epidemic. 相似文献
36.
Boshuwenda Andre Chuma Marc Cotter Alain Kalisa Arisoa Rajaona Kalimuthu Senthilkumar Sabine Stuerz Isaac Vincent Folkard Asch 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(4)
Nitrogen (N) is one of the main nutrients that drive rice grain yield and is intensely managed especially in lowlands under irrigated conditions. A set of experiments was conducted in mid- and high-altitude sites in Rwanda to investigate the response of five genotypes under different sowing dates and different N management. Genotype grain yields were higher and more stable at mid-altitude across sowing dates. N rates strongly affected grain yield at mid-altitude (p < .0001), but not at high altitude. Postponing basal N had positive effects on yield and yield components in both sites, with more pronounced effects at high altitude. Increasing N rate beyond 120 kg/ha led to a decrease in percentage of panicles per tiller and spikelet fertility and a decrease in grain yield due to excessive tillers at both high altitude and mid-altitude. Thus, basal N application should be recommended at high altitude and the increase in N rate up to 120 kg/ha at mid-altitude. A strict observation of recommended planting date should be followed at high altitude, and the use of cold-tolerant genotypes is encouraged. 相似文献
37.
Aiko IGUCHI Takehisa SOMA Xuenan XUAN 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(11):1700
A single-nucleotide polymorphism causing the replacement of methionine with isoleucine (M121I) in cytochrome b of Babesia gibsoni has been reported to reduce the susceptibility to atovaquone (ATV) in B. gibsoni infection. In our previous study, B. gibsoni with M121I was suggested to exist in nature. Thus, further examinations were performed. In total, 105 genomic DNA samples from B. gibsoni-infected dogs were collected from western (98 samples from 15 prefectures) and eastern areas (7 samples from 4 prefectures) in Japan. The M121I variant population was identified using allele-specific real-time PCR: it was then detected in nine samples (8.57%), which was higher than that in the previous study (4.11%). Although there are unclear points, such as the history of ATV usage, careful attention should be given to emerging ATV resistance. 相似文献
38.
Dynamics of chromosomal ends during meiosis was examined using a tetrad F1 population derived from a cross between Setaria and Triticum isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae. Telomeric fragments were liberated by six restriction enzymes and detected with a telomere probe. Each fragment was assigned
to one of the 14 chromosomal ends using chromosome-specific markers. Size shifts and non-Mendelian segregation (4:0, 3:1,
1:3, and 0:4) were frequently observed in these telomeric fragments and were considered to be caused by deletion, insertion,
point mutation, and gene conversion. Similar results were obtained in another tetrad F1 population derived from a cross between Oryza and Triticum isolates. These results suggest that subtelomeric regions are unstable during meiosis and are prone to various rearrangements
including gene conversion. 相似文献
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Muroga N Hayama Y Yamamoto T Kurogi A Tsuda T Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(4):399-404
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred recently for the first time in a decade in Japan. The index case was detected on a beef-breeding farm in Miyazaki Prefecture, Southern Japan, on April 20, 2010. After confirmation of this first case, control measures such as stamping out, movement restriction and disinfection were implemented. However, these strategies proved insufficient to prevent the spread of FMD and emergency vaccination was adopted. Up until the last outbreak on July 4, 2010, a total of 292 outbreaks had been confirmed, with about 290,000 animals having been culled. The epidemic occurred in an area with a high density of cattle and pigs, making disease control difficult. Invasion of the disease into a high-density area aided its rapid spread and led to difficulties in locating suitable burial sites. Epidemiological investigations indicated that the disease was introduced into Japan approximately one month before detection. This delay in initial detection is considered to have allowed an increased number of outbreaks in the early stage of the epidemic. Nevertheless, the epidemic was contained within a localized area in Miyazaki Prefecture and was eradicated within three months because of intensive control efforts including emergency vaccination. Although this epidemic devastated the livestock industry in Japan, many lessons can be learnt for the future prevention and control of infectious diseases in animals. 相似文献