Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rate in Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen During Non-Breeding Season in Murciano–Granadina Goats: a Field Assay     

I Salvador  MP Viudes-de-Castro  J Bernacer  EA Gómez  MA Silvestre 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(6):526-529

An artificial insemination programme was carried out to study the effect of factors such as depth of semen deposition, inseminator skill, farm, sire and expression of oestrus on pregnancy rate in Murciano-Granadina (MG) goats during non-breeding season and using frozen semen. Frozen-thawed semen from six males was applied by three technicians to inseminate a total of 551 goats in 17 farms distributed throughout the Mediterranean area of Spain. Pregnancy rate was determined at 6 weeks after insemination by transabdominal ecography. Overall pregnancy rate was 57%. Farm and depth of semen deposition affected pregnancy rate, whereas the sire and the technician had no effect. The deeper the semen was deposited in the genital tract, the higher was the rate of pregnancy obtained, being greater when the catheter reached the uterus. In spite of the relevant difference observed (48.2% vs 59.0%), pregnancy rate of females not coming into oestrus until 30 h after sponge removal was not significantly different, compared with those showing oestrus during the OD procedure. In conclusion, our field assay data on AI in MG goat with frozen-thawed semen showed that post-cervical insemination presented significantly greater pregnancy rate in comparison to when semen is deposited in the vagina or in the caudal part of the cervix.  相似文献   

The Fertilizing Ability Assessment of Fresh and Stored Boar Semen   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JM Vazquez  EA Martinez  J Roca  C Matas  O Blanco 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(3-4):267-270

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The Recipients' Parity Does Not Influence Their Reproductive Performance Following Non‐Surgical Deep Uterine Porcine Embryo Transfer          下载免费PDF全文

EA Martinez  A Nohalez  CA Martinez  I Parrilla  J Vila  I Colina  M Diaz  J Reixach  JL Vazquez  J Roca  C Cuello  MA Gil 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):123-129

With the development of the non‐surgical deep uterine (NsDU) embryo transfer (ET) technology, the commercial applicability of ET in pigs is now possible. There are, nevertheless, many factors that influence NsDU‐ET effectiveness that need to be addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the weaned recipients' parity on fertility and prolificacy following NsDU‐ET. The recipients (n = 120) were selected based on their reproductive history and body condition and grouped into three categories according to their parity: primiparous sows, sows of parity 2 and sows of parities from 3 to 5. Thirty fresh embryos (morulae and unhatched blastocysts) were non‐surgically transferred into one uterine horn of each recipient. It was possible to insert the NsDU‐ET catheter through the cervix along a uterine horn in 98.3% of the recipients. The parity had no influence on the difficulty grade of the insertions or on the percentage of correct insertions. The cervix and uterine wall were not perforated during the insertions, and vaginal discharge was not observed after transfer in any of the recipients. There were no differences in the pregnancy rates (74.8%), farrowing rates (71.2%) or litter sizes (9.6 ± 3.3) between groups. Also, there were no differences between groups regarding to the piglets' birthweights or piglet production efficiency. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that weaned sows from parity 1 to 5 are appropriate to be used as recipients in NsDU‐ET programs, which increase the possibilities for the utilization of ET in the recipient farms.  相似文献   

The Effect of Oxidative Stress on Thawed Bulk‐Sorted Red Deer Sperm          下载免费PDF全文

L Anel‐López  O García‐Álvarez  I Parrilla  D Del Olmo  MR Fernández‐Santos  AJ Soler  A Maroto‐Morales  JA Ortiz  DV Alkmin  T Tarantini  J Roca  EA Martínez  JM Vazquez  JJ Garde 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(3):407-414

The aims of this study were to assess the effects of the sex‐sorting process on post‐thaw sperm quality as well as on induced oxidative stress damage (H₂O₂ 0 mm  = H000; H₂O₂ 50 mm  = H050; H₂O₂ 100 mm  = H100) and the protective action of reduced glutathione (GSH) and Trolox, when comparing sorted (BSS) and non‐sorted (NS) red deer spermatozoa incubated at 37°C. Sperm samples from three stags were collected by electroejaculation and frozen. Immediately after thawing, sperm motility was higher (p < 0.05) for NS (59% ± 3.3) than BSS (36.9% ± 5.8) sperm. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic sperm was higher (p < 0.05) for BSS (21.6% ± 5.0) than NS sperm (14.6% ± 1.2). The presence of H₂O₂ increased DNA damage in NS (H000 = 4.1% ± 0.9; H050 = 9.3% ± 0.7; and H100 = 10.9% ± 2.3), but not in BSS sperm. However, in the presence of oxidant, GSH addition improved (p < 0.05) sperm motility in both groups of sperm samples as compared to their controls (NS: 44.5 ± 4.8 vs 21.1 ± 3.9 and BSS: 33.3 ± 8.1 vs 8.9 ± 1.8). These results demonstrate that the sperm‐sorting process induces sublethal effects, albeit selecting a sperm population with a chromatin more resistant to oxidative stress than that in non‐sorted sperm. Moreover, addition of GSH at 1 mm may be a good choice for maintaining the quality of stressed sperm samples, unlike Trolox, which inhibited sperm motility.  相似文献   

Osteopetrosis in a neonatal donkey          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Williamson  AW Stent  M Milne  EA Walmsley 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(10):358-361

Osteopetrosis is a rare disorder characterised by a defect in osteoclastic bone resorption. This report describes osteopetrosis in a neonatal donkey that suffered a displaced tibial fracture. Radiographic examination identified generalised reduction in medullary cavity size, thickened mid‐diaphyseal cortices and conical metaphyseal bone extending toward the mid‐diaphysis of long bones. Postmortem examination identified additional fractures and brittle bones. Histologically, osteoclasts were absent in multiple bone sections. Diaphyseal cortices consisted of concentric bone lamellae with marrow tissue infiltration. Large wedges of secondary spongiosa extended from the metaphyseal growth plate. Clinical and histopathological features were similar to an osteoclast‐deficient, autosomal recessive form of osteopetrosis in humans.  相似文献   

Endometrial Explant Culture to Study the Response of Equine Endometrium to Insemination     

DM Nash  IM Sheldon  S Herath  EA Lane 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):670-676

Mating‐induced endometritis (MIE) is ubiquitous in the horse after natural mating and artificial insemination with frozen/thawed semen causing the most aggressive response. The majority of mares eliminate MIE 24–48 h after insemination. An endometrial explant culture was tested as a potential in vitro exemplar for sperm‐induced MIE. Endometrial prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) secretion and expression of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were used as markers of inflammation. Endometrial explants were cultured from uteri collected from follicular phase mares. Explants were challenged with 1 or 10 × 10⁶ sperm/ml frozen/thawed semen, chilled semen, washed sperm or seminal plasma. Medium was collected 24 and 72 h after challenge and assayed for PGF_2α by radioimmunoassay. Treatment of endometrial explants with frozen/thawed, chilled semen or washed sperm did not change the secretion of PGF_2α compared with untreated controls. However, 24 h after challenge cultured explants expressed IL‐8. The in vitro endometrial explant system did not represent the in vivo response to semen when PGF_2α was used as a marker of inflammation, yet the use of gene expression as an inflammatory marker warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

Barriers to innovation in human rabies prophylaxis and treatment: A causal analysis of insights from key opinion leaders and literature          下载免费PDF全文

L. H. M. van de Burgwal  A. M. G. Neevel  C. A. C. M. Pittens  A. D. M. E. Osterhaus  C. E. Rupprecht  E. Claassen 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(8):599-611

Rabies is an essentially 100% fatal, zoonotic disease, caused by Lyssaviruses. Currently, the disease is vaccine‐preventable with pre‐ and post‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP). Still, rabies virus is estimated to cause up to 60,000 human deaths annually, of which the vast majority occurs in rural Asia and Africa, due to the inaccessibility of prophylaxis and non‐existence of treatment. Despite these unmet clinical needs, rabies control mainly focuses on the sylvatic reservoir and drug innovation receives relatively little attention compared to other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). As such, the lag of innovation in human rabies prophylaxis and treatment cannot be explained by limited return on investment alone. Strategies countering rabies‐specific innovation barriers are important for the acceleration of innovation in human rabies prophylaxis and treatment. Barriers throughout society, science, business development and market domains were identified through literature review and 23 semi‐structured interviews with key opinion leaders worldwide. A subsequent root cause analysis revealed causal relations between innovation barriers and a limited set of root causes. Finally, prioritization by experts indicated their relative importance. Root causes, which are fundamental to barriers, were aggregated into four types: market and commercial, stakeholder collaboration, public health and awareness, and disease trajectory. These were found in all domains of the innovation process and thus are relevant for all stakeholders. This study identifies barriers that were not previously described in this specific context, for example the competition for funding between medical and veterinary approaches. The results stress the existence of barriers beyond the limited return on investment and thereby explain why innovation in human rabies medication is lagging behind NTDs with a lower burden of disease. A re‐orientation on the full spectrum of barriers that hinder innovation in rabies prophylaxis and treatment is necessary to meet unmet societal and medical needs.  相似文献   

The effect of the function type for describing the soil buffer power on calculated ion transport to roots and nutrient uptake from the soil     

Bernd Steingrobe  Norbert Claassen  Karl M. Syring 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(5):459-465

The relationship between amount of a nutrient in soil and its concentration in solution, the buffer curve, is usually non‐linear. However, most models that calculate nutrient transport in the soil and nutrient uptake by the plant often assume a linear buffer curve because of simpler programming. In this paper a model is presented that uses the Freundlich function to describe the non‐linear buffer curve in the soil. It has been shown that calculated uptake and depletion curves were not influenced by the shape of the buffer curve. In a sensitivity analysis the buffer capacity, soil solution concentration, soil water content, soil impedance factor, maximum influx and the curvature of the Freundlich function were varied and the influence on calculated uptake was studied. The buffer capacity in general had a minor influence and the linearity or non‐linearity of the buffer capacity had under no circumstances an influence on calculated uptake. Thus, the use of a linear buffer curve in transport models does not lead to a significant error in the results.  相似文献   

Organic phosphorus compounds as a phosphorus source for higher plants through the activity of phosphatases produced by plant roots and microorganisms   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

J. C Tarafdar  N. Claassen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1988,5(4):308-312

Summary The efficiency of phosphatases produced by clover, barley, oats and wheat was investigated in soils treated with sodium glycerophosphate, lecithin and phytin. Root exudates of aseptically grown clover were also examined for the breakdown of different organic P compounds in order to test the efficiency of plant-produced phosphatases. In general, the plants were able to use P from all the organic sources used in the study almost as efficiently as inorganic sources. Dry-matter yield, P uptake, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and microbial population were increased in all the P treatments. Organic P enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. Lecithin increased fungal, and phytin bacterial growth. There was no alkaline phosphatase activity in the asepticallly grown clover root exudates. Phosphatase released in aseptic culture after 4 weeks of clover growth was able to efficiently hydrolyse sodium glycerophosphate, lecithin and phytin. The amount of organic P hydrolysed in this and in the soil experiment surpassed plant uptake by a factor of 20. This suggests that the limiting factor on plant utilization of organic P is the availability of hydrolysable organic P sources.  相似文献   

施用活性硅降低重金属移动性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏晓  占强 《农业科学与技术》2015,(1)

该研究通过一系列的土柱实验研究土壤中硅和重金属的反应机制。土柱实验在可溶性镉、铜、镍和铅酸盐的情况下,用各种活性硅（硅藻土,沸石,无定形二氧化硅,浓缩单硅酸）处理灰森林土。所有富硅物质都用电子显微镜测试分析过。富硅物质对土壤中重金属的钝化试验结果表明：硅藻土和浓缩单硅酸比沸石和无定形二氧化硅更能降低重金属的移动性。重金属移动性的降低是由土壤溶液中单硅酸和重金属的反应,以及富硅物质表面对重金属的吸附实现的。重金属在土壤中移动的强度与自身种类有关。施用富硅物质可明显降低镉和镍的移动性,对铜和铅的效果不明显。  相似文献