The pattern of mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus     

Claire R. Sharp  Elizabeth A. Rozanski  Emily Finn  E.J. Borrego 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(2):232-238

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Impact of shellfish farming eutrophication on benthic macrophyte communities in the Thau lagoon, France     

M.-L. De Casabianca  T. Laugier  D. Collart 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(4):301-314

In a large marine lagoon (Thau lagoon, southern France) with a shellfish farming dominant eutrophication, the macrophyte communities were sampled by six transects of three depths (1.5, 2.5 and 5 m) and their characteristics (species composition, diversity and biomass) were described in relation to environmental and sediment parameters. With increasing eutrophication (total inorganic nitrogen, 0.140-0.295 mg l-1; dissolved reactive phosphorus, 0.045-0.110 mg l-1; and N/P atomic ratio, 3-22), silt fraction and shell fragments in sediments increased (12-93 and 0-65% dry wt respectively). Different types of macrophytic communities could be defined in the shallow zone (1.5-2.5 m) corresponding to four main and successive stages of degradation. A pure eelgrass stand (Zostera marina and Z. noltii) and an eelgrass community colonized by macroalgae were observed in SW sites and could be distinguished by their sedimentary features. In sites (NE) more affected by eutrophication (fine-textured sediment), available incident light determined two main seaweed communities: an Ulva rigida community, outside the shellfish tables, and a Gracilaria bursa-pastoris community in the shellfish tables (lower incident light).  相似文献   

The effect of translocation and temporary captivity on wildlife rehabilitation success: An experimental study using European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)     

Susie E. Molony  Claire V. Dowding  Philip J. Baker  Innes C. Cuthill  Stephen Harris 《Biological conservation》2006,130(4):530-537

Translocation is frequently used to return rehabilitated animals to the wild, and is an important tool for the population management of endangered species. Whilst experimental field manipulations are important in determining optimal rehabilitation and translocation strategies, they are rarely implemented in practice. We used an experimental approach to examine the effects of translocation on post-release survival and behaviour, and the impact of introductions on the recipient wild population, using the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the most common mammal admitted to British wildlife hospitals. The post-release survival and behaviour of five groups were compared: three different translocation treatments, one wild population at the release sites and one control wild population away from the release sites. Individuals that were held in captivity prior to translocation had a better survival rate on release than individuals that were translocated with a minimum time spent in captivity. We suggest that temporary captivity improves chances of survival by allowing the build up of fat reserves and reducing manipulation stress suffered on release. No evidence was found for intra-specific competition between introduced individuals and the recipient wild hedgehog population.  相似文献   

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for wheat powders: measurement of surface chemical composition     

Saad M  Gaiani C  Mullet M  Scher J  Cuq B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1527-1540

The functional properties of wheat powders depend largely on the surface characteristics of their particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been considered to investigate the surface composition of wheat powders. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the ability of XPS to discriminate wheat components and to calculate the surface composition of wheat powders. First, XPS surveys for the main wheat isolated components (starch, proteins, arabinoxylans, and lipids) were determined. XPS results demonstrate that it is able to distinguish wheat proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, but it is not able to distinguish starch and arabinoxylan because of their similarity in chemical structure. The XPS analyses of simple reconstituted wheat flours based on two components (starch and protein) or three components (by adding arabinoxylan) demonstrated the ability of XPS to measure the surface composition of the wheat flours. The surface composition of native wheat flour demonstrated an overrepresentation of protein (54%) and lipids (44%) and an underrepresentation of starch (2%) compared to the bulk composition. Results are discussed with regard to difficulties in discriminating arabinoxylans and starch components.  相似文献   

Earthworm activity alters geogenic arsenic and soil nutrient dynamics     

Renée Claire Le Bayon  Virginie Matera  Roxane Kohler-Milleret  Claudia Degen  Jean-Michel Gobat 《Pedobiologia》2011

Environmental pollution due to arsenic (As) has been well studied and most investigations have focused on inorganic As coming from industrial areas. However, the natural rock-borne contamination of this metalloid has been underestimated and few studies focusing on annelids have addressed the question of geogenic As distribution in earthworm biogenic structures. Our study concentrated on the earthworm drilosphere and investigated the distribution of As in surface-casts and burrow-linings. In this context, we assumed that the concentration of geogenic As should differ in biogenic structures (faeces, burrow-linings) compared to non-ingested soil. To test our hypothesis, microcosms in controlled conditions were filled with soil containing 157 mg As kg^?1 from a geogenic origin. The soil was collected from a meadow in the Jura Mountains. The earthworm Aporrectodea giardi was selected because of its natural presence in the meadow and its anecic behaviour.We found that while earthworm surface-casts were enriched in carbon, nitrogen and available phosphorus compared to non-ingested soil, no enrichment was found for geogenic arsenic. The coarse sand fraction contained 3.5 times more As than silt and clay fractions but no significant difference existed between surface-casts and non-ingested soil. Iron was shown to be the main mineral bearing phase for As and predominated in the coarse sand fraction. No retention effect of organic matter on geogenic arsenic was observed. In conclusion, it appeared that geogenic As did not affect biological components and environmental aspects. These findings are particularly encouraging considering that most of the environments at an altitude of 1330 m in the Jura Mountains have exposed rocks, especially on meadows that are regularly grazed by cattle.  相似文献   

Transport across Caco-2 cell monolayer and sensitivity to hydrolysis of two anxiolytic peptides from αs1-casein, α-casozepine, and αs1-casein-f91-97: effect of bile salts     

Cakir-Kiefer C  Miclo L  Balandras F  Dary A  Soligot C  Le Roux Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11956-11965

α-Casozepine and f91-97, peptides from α(s1)-casein, display anxiolytic activity in rats and may have to cross the intestinal epithelium to exert this central effect. We evaluated their resistance to hydrolysis by the peptidases of Caco-2 cells and their ability to cross the cell monolayer. To mimic physiological conditions, two preparations of bile salts were used in noncytotoxic concentrations: porcine bile extract and an equimolar mixture of taurocholate, cholate, and deoxycholate. The presence and composition of bile salts appeared to modulate the peptidase activities of the Caco-2 cells involved (i) in the hydrolysis of α-casozepine, leading to much higher formation of fragments f91-99, f91-98, and f91-97, and (ii) in the hydrolysis of f91-97, leading to lower degradation of this peptide. Transport of α-casozepine across Caco-2 monolayer increased significantly, in the presence of bile extract, and of fragment f91-97, in the presence of bile salts.  相似文献   

Predicting the invasion risk by the alien bee-hawking Yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax across Europe and other continents with niche models     

Claire Villemant  Morgane Barbet-Massin  Adrien Perrard  Franck Muller  Olivier Gargominy  Frédéric Jiguet  Quentin Rome 《Biological conservation》2011,(9):2142-2150

Vespa velutina nigrithorax, an Asian bee-hawking hornet, has been unintentionally introduced in south-western France before 2004 and is currently widely spreading across the country. Its arrival in northern Spain was reported in 2010. The potential invasion risk of the species is assessed using climatic suitability models. We used eight different modelling techniques within an ensemble forecast framework to show that the invasion success in south-western France could have been predicted using data from the native Asian range of the species, while we further used data from both the native and invaded ranges (including a recently established population in Korea) to better predict its potential invasion range across all continents. Results are discussed in terms of the interest of ecological niche modelling for invasion biology, realised niche of the invasive wasp, potential threats to native entomofauna and economic impacts of this new predator. A particular attention is paid to beekeeping activities that are nowadays already threatened by a wide panel of adversary factors.  相似文献   

Acute aldicarb toxicity in dogs: 15 cases (2001–2009)     

John D. Anastasio DVM  Claire R. Sharp BVMS  MS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2011,21(3):253-260

Objective – To describe the common clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities, treatment, and prognosis associated with acute aldicarb toxicosis in dogs. Design – Retrospective observational study from 2001 to 2009. Setting – Urban referral hospital. Animals – Fifteen client‐owned dogs. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – The most common clinical signs associated with acute aldicarb toxicosis were vomiting, ptyalism, diarrhea, and tremors. Of the 15 dogs, 11 were admitted to the hospital for treatment, 2 were euthanized at presentation and 2 were discharged against medical advice following minimal treatment and lost to follow‐up. Laboratory abnormalities included lactic acidosis and hyperglycemia in 12 and 9 patients, respectively. Treatment of hospitalized dogs included induction of emesis with apomorphine (4 dogs), activated charcoal (5), IV fluids (11), atropine (7), methocarbamol (3), diazepam (1), pralidoxime (1) and diphenhydramine (1). Ten of 11 hospitalized dogs survived to discharge; 1 was euthanized following a respiratory arrest after 36 hours of hospitalization. One patient received mechanical ventilation and treatment for pneumonia before discharge from the hospital. The median duration of hospitalization was 22 hours (range 12–168 h). Conclusions – Acute aldicarb toxicosis carries a good prognosis for survival and hospital discharge with treatment. Supportive care should be considered for at least 18–24 hours to monitor for response to therapy and development of respiratory failure.  相似文献   

Canine genetics: a very special issue     

Nicholas FW  Wade CM 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,189(2):123-125

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Risk factors for Salmonella seroconversion of fattening pigs in farrow-to-finish herds     

Beloeil PA  Chauvin C  Proux K  Fablet C  Madec F  Alioum A 《Veterinary research》2007,38(6):835-848

We did a prospective observational 9-month long study to quantify risk factors of managerial and hygiene practices, and pig-health status for Salmonella seroconversion of fattening pigs reared in subclinically infected French farrow-to-finish farms. During the fattening phase, 2,649 pigs belonging to the same batch of contemporary pigs, from 89 conventional farrow-to-finish farms were individually followed and regularly blood sampled on a monthly basis. Farm recruitment was based on the farmer's willingness to cooperate. Pig status was assessed using an indirect ELISA test. Evolution of the serological status was studied by means of survival analysis. A Cox proportional-hazards model, taking into account the clustering of animals at the farm level, was used to examine the effects of explanatory variables on the time to Salmonella seroconversion of pigs. Applying group level antibiotic treatment to the pigs during the fattening period (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.4) was identified as a risk factor for Salmonella seroconversion, as the presence of residual Salmonella contamination in the fattening pen before placing the pigs into the pens (HR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.9). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) seropositivity during the fattening period also indicated an increased hazard for seroconversion (HR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5). The batch size was identified as a risk factor for Salmonella seroconversion: the higher the number of pigs was in the fattening room followed, the higher was the risk (HR(+10 pigs) = 1.05 for a 10-pig increment; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.06). The biosecurity measures of wearing specific clothes before entering the facilities (HR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9) and enclosing the pig farm facilities were protective (HR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8).  相似文献